The Klein-Gordon equation, the Maxwell equation, and the Dirac equation are presented as partial difference equations in the eight-dimensional covariant discrete phase space. These equations are also furnished as difference-differential equations in the arena of discrete phase space and continuous time. The scalar field and electromagnetic fields are quantized with commutation relations. The spin-1/2 field is quantized with anti-commutation relations. Moreover, the total momentum, energy and charge of these free relativisitic quantized fields in the discrete phase space and continuous time are computed exactly. The results agree completely with those computed from the relativisitic fields defned on the space-time continuum.
We show that non-relativistic and relativistic mechanical systems on a configuration space Q can be seen as the conservative Dirac constraint systems with zero Hamiltonians on different subbundles of the same cotangent bundle T^*Q. The geometric quantization of this cotangent bundle under the vertical polarization leads to compatible covariant quantizations of non-relativistic and relativistic Hamiltonian mechanics.
We provide geometric quantization of the vertical cotangent bundle V^*Q equipped with the canonical Poisson structure. This is a momentum phase space of non-relativistic mechanics with the configuration bundle Q -> R. The goal is the Schrodinger representation of V^*Q. We show that this quantization is equivalent to the fibrewise quantization of symplectic fibres of V^*Q -> R, that makes the quantum algebra of non-relativistic mechanics an instantwise algebra. Quantization of the classical evolution equation defines a connection on this instantwise algebra, which provides quantum evolution in …
The purpose of this review is to give the most popular description of the scheme of quantization of relativistic fields that was named relativistic canonical quantization (RCQ). I do not give here the full exact account of this scheme. But with the help of this review any physicist, even not a specialist in the relativistic quantum theory, will be able to get a general view of the content of RCQ, of its connection with other known approaches, of its novelty and of its fruitfulness.
Inspired by recent connections between spectral theory and topological string theory, we propose exact quantization conditions for the relativistic Toda lattice of N particles. These conditions involve the Nekrasov-Shatashvili free energy, which resums the perturbative WKB expansion, but they require in addition a non-perturbative contribution, which is related to the perturbative result by an S-duality transformation of the Planck constant. We test the quantization conditions against explicit calculations of the spectrum for N=3. Our proposal can be generalized to arbitrary toric Calabi-Yau m…
A relativistic Hamiltonian mechanical system is seen as a conservative Dirac constraint system on the cotangent bundle of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. We provide geometric quantization of this cotangent bundle where the quantum constraint serves as a relativistic quantum equation.
It was shown recently that stochastic quantization can be made into a well defined quantization scheme on (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds using second order differential geometry, which is an extension of the commonly used first order differential geometry. In this letter, we show that restrictions to relativistic theories can be obtained from this theory by imposing a stochastic energy-momentum relation. In the process, we derive non-perturbative quantum corrections to the line element as measured by scalar particles. Furthermore, we extend the framework of stochastic quantization to massless s…
The path integral quantization method is applied to a relativistically covariant version of the Hopfield model, which represents a very interesting mesoscopic framework for the description of the interaction between quantum light and dielectric quantum matter, with particular reference to the context of analogue gravity. In order to take into account the constraints occurring in the model, we adopt the Faddeev-Jackiw approach to constrained quantization in the path integral formalism. In particular we demonstrate that the propagator obtained with the Faddeev-Jackiw approach is equivalent to th…
General formulas of the two-electron operator representing either atomic or effective interactions are given in a coupled tensorial form in relativistic approximation. The alternatives of using uncoupled, coupled and antisymmetric two-electron wave functions in constructing coupled tensorial form of the operator are studied. The second quantization technique is used. The considered operator acts in the space of states of open-subshell atoms.
Multiparametric quantum $gl(2)$ algebras are presented according to a classification based on their corresponding Lie bialgebra structures. From them, the non-relativistic limit leading to quantum harmonic oscillator algebras is implemented in the form of generalized Lie bialgebra contractions.
A major challenge for any theory of quantum gravity is to quantize general relativity while retaining some part of its geometrical character. We present new evidence for the idea that this can be achieved by directly quantizing space itself. We compute the Bohr-Sommerfeld volume spectrum of a tetrahedron and show that it reproduces the quantization of a grain of space found in loop gravity.
Gauge invariance in discrete dynamical systems and its connection with quantization are considered. For a complete description of gauge symmetries of a system we construct explicitly a class of groups unifying in a natural way the space and internal symmetries. We describe the main features of the gauge principle relevant to the discrete and finite background. Assuming that continuous phenomena are approximations of more fundamental discrete processes, we discuss -- with the help of a simple illustration -- relations between such processes and their continuous approximations. We propose an app…
The classical relativistic wave equations are presented as partial difference equations in the arena of covariant discrete phase space. These equations are also expressed as difference-differential equations in discrete phase space and continuous time. The relativistic invariance and covariance of the equations in both versions are established. The partial difference and difference-differential equations are derived as the Euler-Lagrange equations from the variational principle. The difference and difference-differential conservation equations are derived. Finally, the total momentum, energy, …
These notes present an introduction to the method of geometric quantization. We discuss the main theorems in a style suitable for a theoretical physicist with an eye towards the physical motivation and the interpretation of the geometric construction as providing a solution to Dirac's axioms of quantization. We provide in detail the examples of free relativistic particles, their corresponding quantum fields, and the bosonic string using formalism of double field theory. Based on lectures written by Gabriel Cardoso.
We extend to a non-Hermitian fermionic quantum field theory with PT symmetry our previous discussion of second quantization, discrete symmetry transformations, and inner products in a scalar field theory [arXiv:2006.06656]. For illustration, we consider a prototype model containing a single Dirac fermion with a parity-odd, anti-Hermitian mass term. In the phase of unbroken PT symmetry, this Dirac fermion model is equivalent to a Hermitian theory under a similarity transformation, with the non-Hermitian nature of the model residing only in the spinor structure, whereas the algebra of the creati…
Finite frame quantization is a discrete version of the coherent state quantization. In the case of a quantum system with finite-dimensional Hilbert space, the finite frame quantization allows us to associate a linear operator to each function defined on the discrete phase space of the system. We investigate the properties of the density operators which can be defined by using this method.
The work is devoted to studying some new classical electrodynamics models of interacting charged point particles and the aspects of the quantization via the Dirac procedure related to them. Based on the vacuum field theory no-geometry approach developed in [6,7,9], the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian reformulations of some alternative classical electrodynamics models are devised. The Dirac-type quantization procedure for the considered alternative electrodynamics models, based on the obtained canonical Hamiltonian formulations, is developed.
A phenomenon of classical quantization is discussed. This is revealed in the class of pseudoclassical gauge systems with nonlinear nilpotent constraints containing some free parameters. Variation of parameters does not change local (gauge) and discrete symmetries of the corresponding systems, but there are some special discrete values of them which give rise to the maximal global symmetries at the classical level. Exactly the same values of the parameters are separated at the quantum level, where, in particular, they are singled out by the requirement of conservation of the discrete symmetries…
These are six papers joined by the same title. The main topics are: 1. algebraic nature of quantization of relativistic fields, 2. constructive definition of space of states of quantum electromagnetic field, 3. structure of space of states of quantum electromagnetic field from functional analysis standpoint.
The canonical method of constrained system is discussed. The equations of motion for a free relativistic spinning particle are obtained without using gauge fixing conditions. The quantization of this model is discussed.
It has long been recognized that lattice gauge theory formulations, when applied to general relativity, conflict with the invariance of the theory under diffeomorphisms. Additionally, the traditional lattice field theory approach consists in fixing the gauge in a Euclidean action, which does not appear appropriate for general relativity. We analyze discrete lattice general relativity and develop a canonical formalism that allows to treat constrained theories in Lorentzian signature space-times. The presence of the lattice introduces a ``dynamical gauge'' fixing that makes the quantization of t…
We prove Cwikel-Lieb-Rosenbljum and Lieb-Thirring type bounds on the discrete spectrum of a two-body pair operator and calculate spectral asymptotics for the eigenvalue moments and the local spectral density in the pseudo-relativistic limit.
We quantize a relativistic massive complex spin-0 field and a relativistic massive spin-1/2 field on a space-time hyperboloid. We call this procedure point-form canonical quantization. Lorentz invariance of the hyperboloid implies that the 4 generators for translations become dynamic and interaction dependent, whereas the 6 generators for Lorentz transformations remain kinematic and interaction free. We expand the fields in terms of usual plane waves and prove the equivalence to equal-time quantization by representing the Poincare generators in a momentum basis. We formulate a generalized scat…
