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arXiv 0811.0820astro-ph
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第一恒星质量黑洞的吸积

Accretion onto the First Stellar Mass Black Holes

Marcelo A. Alvarez, John H. Wise, Tom Abel

摘要:

宇宙中的第一批恒星,在红移z>15时形成质量为10^6 M太阳的小晕,可能会留下黑洞作为它们的残余。可以想象,这些天体可以作为红移z~6的更大黑洞的“种子”。利用自适应网格加密的宇宙辐射流体动力学模拟方法研究了残余黑洞通过吸积的生长过程,首次考虑了吸积辐射的影响。光致电离和加热的效应从大尺度上显著影响吸积流,导致黑洞的质量增长可以忽略不计。我们比较的情况下,吸积光度包括和忽略表明,吸积辐射急剧变化的环境在100 pc的黑洞,其中气体温度增加了一个数量级。在我们所追踪的两亿年的演化过程中,气体密度降低,同一个小晕中的恒星进一步形成也被阻止了。这些计算表明,即使没有辐射反馈,大多数种子黑洞也不会像以前的理论所希望的那样有效地获得质量,这意味着在迷你晕中形成的波普III星的黑洞残余物不太可能是迷你类星体的起源。然而,最重要的是,这些计算表明,如果早期恒星质量的黑洞确实以接近邦迪-霍伊尔速率的10%的效率吸积,那么它们在调节第一个星系中的恒星形成方面具有戏剧性的局部效应。

英文摘要:

The first stars in the universe, forming at redshifts z>15 in minihalos with masses of order 10^6 Msun, may leave behind black holes as their remnants. These objects could conceivably serve as "seeds" for much larger black holes observed at redshifts z~6. We study the growth of the remnant black holes through accretion including for the first time the emitted accretion radiation with adaptive mesh refinement cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. The effects of photo-ionization and heating dramatically affect the accretion flow from large scales, resulting in negligible mass growth of the black hole. We compare cases with the accretion luminosity included and neglected to show that the accretion radiation drastically changes the environment within 100 pc of the black hole, where gas temperatures are increased by an order of magnitude. The gas densities are reduced and further star formation in the same minihalo prevented for the two hundred million years of evolution we followed. These calculations show that even without the radiative feedback included most seed black holes do not gain mass as efficiently as has been hoped for in previous theories, implying that black hole remnants of Pop III stars that formed in minihalos are not likely to be the origin of miniquasars. Most importantly, however, these calculations demonstrate that if early stellar mass black holes are indeed accreting close to the Bondi-Hoyle rate with ten percent efficiency they have a dramatic local effect in regulating star formation in the first galaxies.

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