arXiv 0811.08102008-11-05quant-phgr-qchep-th

德布罗意-玻姆导频波理论：否定的多个世界？

De Broglie-Bohm Pilot-Wave Theory: Many Worlds in Denial?

Antony Valentini

备注：: 31 pages, 2 figures. To appear in: 'Everett and his Critics', eds. S. W. Saunders et al. (Oxford University Press, 2009)
发表信息：: 'Many Worlds? Everett, Quantum Theory, and Reality', eds. S. Saunders et al. (Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 476--509

摘要：

我们回答索赔（由Deutsch，泽，布朗和华莱士），德布罗意和玻姆的导频波理论实际上是一个多世界理论与多余的配置附加到一个世界。假设，导频波理论确实包含一个本体论的导频波（配置空间中的复值字段），我们表明，这种说法产生于不解释导频波理论本身的条款。具体来说，该理论有自己的（“亚量子”）测量理论，并且通常描述了违反玻恩定则的“非平衡”状态。此外，在经典极限的现实模型中，人们无法获得本体论导频波的局部片段，这些局部片段遵循替代宏观轨迹：从德布罗意-玻姆的观点来看，替代轨迹仅仅是数学的，而不是本体论的。因此，从导频波理论本身的角度来看，许多世界都是一种幻觉。有人进一步指出，即使撇开导频波理论不谈，多世界理论也植根于一个本质上不太可能的假设，即量子测量应该以经典测量为模型，因此不太可能是真的。

英文摘要：

We reply to claims (by Deutsch, Zeh, Brown and Wallace) that the pilot-wave theory of de Broglie and Bohm is really a many-worlds theory with a superfluous configuration appended to one of the worlds. Assuming that pilot-wave theory does contain an ontological pilot wave (a complex-valued field in configuration space), we show that such claims arise from not interpreting pilot-wave theory on its own terms. Specifically, the theory has its own ('subquantum') theory of measurement, and in general describes a 'nonequilibrium' state that violates the Born rule. Furthermore, in realistic models of the classical limit, one does not obtain localised pieces of an ontological pilot wave following alternative macroscopic trajectories: from a de Broglie-Bohm viewpoint, alternative trajectories are merely mathematical and not ontological. Thus, from the perspective of pilot-wave theory itself, many worlds are an illusion. It is further argued that, even leaving pilot-wave theory aside, the theory of many worlds is rooted in the intrinsically unlikely assumption that quantum measurements should be modelled on classical measurements, and is therefore unlikely to be true.

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