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arXiv 1306.1576quant-phgr-qchep-th
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玻姆动力学中量子平衡的不稳定性

Instability of quantum equilibrium in Bohm's dynamics

Samuel Colin, Antony Valentini

摘要:

我们考虑了相空间中任意初始条件下的玻姆二阶动力学。玻姆动力学原理允许“扩展的”非平衡态,初始动量不等于波函数的相位梯度(以及初始位置的分布偏离玻恩规则)。我们表明,扩展的非平衡一般不放松,实际上是不稳定的。这与德布罗意的一阶动力学形成鲜明对比,德布罗意的一阶动力学不允许非标准动量,并且显示出对位置的玻恩规则的有效放松。在此基础上,我们认为,虽然德布罗意的动力学是一个站得住脚的物理理论,玻姆的动力学不是。在一个由玻姆动力学支配的世界里,没有理由期望今天(甚至近似地)看到一个有效的量子理论,与观察相矛盾。

英文摘要:

We consider Bohm's second-order dynamics for arbitrary initial conditions in phase space. In principle Bohm's dynamics allows for 'extended' nonequilibrium, with initial momenta not equal to the gradient of phase of the wave function (as well as initial positions whose distribution departs from the Born rule). We show that extended nonequilibrium does not relax in general and is in fact unstable. This is in sharp contrast with de Broglie's first-order dynamics, for which non-standard momenta are not allowed and which shows an efficient relaxation to the Born rule for positions. On this basis we argue that, while de Broglie's dynamics is a tenable physical theory, Bohm's dynamics is not. In a world governed by Bohm's dynamics there would be no reason to expect to see an effective quantum theory today (even approximately), in contradiction with observation.

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