We test recent results for the four-point correlation numbers in Minimal Liouville Gravity against calculations in the one-Matrix Models, and find full agreement. In the process, we construct the resonance transformation which relates coupling parameters of the Liouville Gravity with the couplings of the Matrix Models, up to the terms of the order 4. We also conjecture the general form of this transformation.
In this paper we use recent results on resonance relations between the matrix models and the minimal Liouville gravity to compute the torus correlation numbers in (3,p) minimal Liouville gravity. Namely, we calculate the torus generating partition function of the (3,p) matrix models and use it to obtain the one- and two-point correlation numbers in the minimal Liouville gravity.
We perform the Hamiltonian analysis of minimal massive gravity coupled to the Galileon tadpole term. We determine all constraints and we argue that the physical degrees of freedom correspond to ten modes of the massive gravity together with 2(D-3) Galileons so that given model is ghost free.
In this paper, we examine the validity of the first law of inner mechanics of black holes in Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity. We consider BTZ and spacelike warped black holes and show that the first law of inner mechanics is valid for given black holes in Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity. As we expect, due to the presence of the Lorentz Chern-Simons term in Lagrangian of considered model, the product of the entropies of the inner and outer horizons depends on the mass as it happens in Topologically Massive Gravity.
In this article, we will show how to use Zamolodchikov's higher equations of motion in Liouville field theory to explicitly calculate $N$-point correlation numbers in minimal Liouville gravity for $N>4$. We find the explicit expression for the 5-point correlation numbers and compare it with calculations in the one-matrix models.
We continue the study of $(q,p)$ Minimal Liouville Gravity with the help of Douglas string equation. We generalize the results of \cite{Moore:1991ir}, \cite{Belavin:2008kv}, where Lee-Yang series $(2,2s+1)$ was studied, to $(3,3s+p_0)$ Minimal Liouville Gravity, where $p_0=1,2$. We demonstrate that there exist such coordinates $τ_{m,n}$ on the space of the perturbed Minimal Liouville Gravity theories, in which the partition function of the theory is determined by the Douglas string equation. The coordinates $τ_{m,n}$ are related in a non-linear fashion to the natural coupling constants $λ_{m,n…
Modified Gauss-Bonnet, i.e, $f(G)$ gravity is a possible explanation of dark energy. Late time cosmology for the $f(G)$ gravity non-minimally coupled with a free massless scalar field have been investigated in Ref. [32]. In this paper we generalize the work of Ref. [32] by including scalar potential in the matter Lagrangian which is non-minimally coupled with modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Also we obtain the conditions for having a much more amazing problem than the acceleration of the universe, i.e: crossing of $ω=-1$, in $f(G)$ non-minimally coupled with tachyonic Lagrangian.
We show that minimal massive 3d gravity (MMG), as well as the topological massive gravity, are particular cases of a more general `minimal massive gravity' theory (with a single massive propagating mode) arising upon spontaneous breaking of a local symmetry in a Chern-Simons gravity based on a Hietarinta or Maxwell algebra. Similar to the MMG case, the requirements that the propagating massive mode is neither tachyon nor ghost and that the central charges of an asymptotic algebra associated with a boundary CFT are positive, impose restrictions on the range of the parameters of the theory.
The correlation functions for models of minimal gravity are discussed. An algorithm is proposed for calculations of invariant ratios from formulas of residues that can be compared with the coefficients of expansion of the partition function in Liouville theory. For (2,2K-1) models transition coefficient from basis of quasiclassical hierarchy to basis Liouville theory is obtained evidently, and the hypothesis about exact form of spectral curve has been verified.
We evaluate one-point correlation numbers on the torus in the Liouville theory coupled to the conformal matter M(2,2p+1). We find agreement with the recent results obtained in the matrix model approach.
A unique class of local Higher Spin Gravities with propagating massless fields in $4d$ - Chiral Higher Spin Gravity - was first found in the light-cone gauge. We construct a covariant form of the corresponding field equations in all orders, thus completing the previous analysis of arXiv:2204.10285. This result is equivalent to taking the minimal model (in the sense of $L_\infty$-algebras) of the jet-space BV-BRST formulation of Chiral Higher Spin Gravity, thereby, containing also information about counterterms, anomalies, etc.
The dynamics of test particles in $f(\mathcal G)$ modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity is investigated. It is shown that in $f({\mathcal G})$ gravity models with non-minimal coupling to matter, particles experience an extra force normal to their four-velocities and as a result move along non- geodesic world-lines. The explicit form of the extra force depends on the function of the Gauss-Bonnet term included in coupling term. The effects of this force on the relative accelerations of particles are studied.
We study linearized equations of motion of the newly proposed three dimensional gravity, known as minimal massive gravity, using its metric formulation. We observe that the resultant linearized equations are exactly the same as that of TMG by making use of a redefinition of the parameters of the model. In particular the model admits logarithmic modes at the critical points. We also study several vacuum solutions of the model, specially at a certain limit where the contribution of Chern-Simons term vanishes.
The effects of the IR aspects of gravity on quantum mechanics is investigated. At large distances where due to gravity the space-time is curved, there appears nonzero minimal uncertainty $Δp_{0}$ in the momentum of a quantum mechanical particle. We apply the minimal uncertainty momentum to some quantum mechanical interferometry examples and show that the phase shift depends on the area surrounded by the path of the test particle . We also put some limits on the related parameters. This prediction may be tested through future experiments. The assumption of minimal uncertainty in momentum can al…
KLT relations on $S_2$ factorize closed string amplitudes into product of open string tree amplitudes. The field theory limits of KLT factorization relations hold in minimal coupling theory of gauge field and gravity. In this paper, we consider the field theory limits of relations on $D_2$. Though the relations on $D_2$ and KLT factorization relations hold on worldsheets with different topologies, we find the field theory limits of $D_2$ relations also hold in minimal coupling theory of gauge field and gravity. We use the $D_2$ relations to give three- and four-point tree amplitudes where gluo…
A large class of two-dimensional dilaton-gravity theories in asymptotically AdS$_2$ spacetimes are holographically dual to a matrix integral, interpreted as an ensemble average over Hamiltonians. Viewing these theories as Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity with a gas of defects, we extend this duality to a broader class of dilaton potentials compared to previous work by including conical defects with small deficit angles. In order to do this we show that these theories are equal to the large $p$ limit of a natural deformation of the $(2,p)$ minimal string theory.
A geometrical analysis of the bulk and anti-de Sitter boundary unitarity conditions of 3D "Minimal Massive Gravity" (MMG) (which evades the "bulk/boundary clash" of Topologically Massive Gravity) is used to extend and simplify previous results, showing that unitarity selects, up to equivalence, a connected region in parameter space. We also initiate the study of flat-space holography for MMG. Its relevant flat space limit is a deformation of 3D conformal gravity; the deformation is both non-linear and non-conformal, implying a linearisation instability.
In this paper we study the application of holographic entanglement negativity proposal for bipartite states in the 2d Galilean conformal field theory ($GCFT_2$) dual to bulk asymptotically flat spacetimes in the context of generalized minimal massive gravity (GMMG) model. $GCFT_2$ is considered on the boundary side of the duality and the bulk gravity is described by GMMG that is asymptotically symmetric under the Galilean conformal transformations. In this paper, the replica technique, based on the two-point and the four-point twist correlators, is utilized and the entanglement entropy and the…
We present a method for the first principles calculation of tachyon one-point amplitudes in $(2,2p+1)$ minimal Liouville gravity defined on a torus. The method is based on the higher equations of motion in the Liouville CFT. These equations were earlier successfully applied for analytic calculations of the amplitudes in the spherical topology. We show that this approach allows to reduce the moduli integrals entering the definition of the torus amplitudes to certain boundary contributions, which can be calculated explicitly. The results agree with the calculations performed in the matrix models…
We apply the new fall of conditions presented in the paper \cite{10} on asymptotically flat spacetime solutions of Chern-Simons-like theories of gravity. We show that the considered fall of conditions asymptotically solve equations of motion of generalized minimal massive gravity. We demonstrate that there exist two type of solutions, one of those is trivial and the others are non-trivial. By looking at non-trivial solutions, for asymptotically flat spacetimes in the generalized minimal massive gravity, in contrast to Einstein gravity, cosmological parameter can be non-zero. We obtain the cons…
In this work, we investigate the near horizon and asymptotic symmetries of static and rotating hairy$-$AdS black hole in the framework of general minimal massive gravity. We obtain energy, angular momentum and entropy of the solutions. Then we show that our results for these quantities are consistent with the first law of black hole thermodynamics. By considering the near horizon geometry of black hole, we find near horizon conserved charges and their algebra. By writing the algebra of conserved charges in terms of Fourier modes we have obtained the conserved charges in terms of zero modes.
By using a solution ansatz we partially decouple the metric and the Stuckelberg sectors of the minimal massive gravity (MMGR). In this scheme for a diagonal physical metric we find the general solutions for the scalars of the theory and the particular fiducial (background) metric which leads to these solutions. Then we adopt this general formalism to construct the derivation of new Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies of the theory in the presence of a so-called effective ideal fluid which arises from our solution ansatz as a modifying, non-physical source for the Einstein an…
Liouville field theory approach to 2-dimensional gravity possesses the duality ($b \leftrightarrow b^{-1}$). The matrix counterpart of minimal gravity $\mathcal{M}(q,p)$ ($q<p$ co-prime) is effectively described on $A_{q-1}$ Frobenius manifold, which may exhibit a similar duality $p\leftrightarrow q$, and allow a description on $A_{p-1}$ Frobenius manifold. We have positive results from the bulk one-point and the bulk-boundary two-point correlations on disk that the dual description of the Frobenius manifold works for the unitary series $\mathcal{M}(q, q+1)$. However, for the Lee-Yang series $…
Using the connection with the Frobenius manifold structure, we study the matrix model description of minimal Liouville gravity (MLG) based on the Douglas string equation. Our goal is to find an exact discrete formulation of the (q,p) MLG model that intrinsically contains information about the conformal selection rules. We discuss how to modify the Frobenius manifold structure appropriately for this purposes. We propose a modification of the construction for Lee-Yang series involving the $A_{p-1}$ algebra instead of the previously used $A_1$ algebra. With the new prescription, we calculate corr…
In this note we report on some properties of correlation numbers for 2-dimensional Liouville gravity coupled with $(2,2p+1)$ minimal model at large $p$. In the limit $p \to \infty$, for some explicitly known examples in a particular region of parameter space correlation numbers are shown to reduce to Weil-Petersson volumes, analytically continued to imaginary geodesic lengths. This marks another connection of this limit with JT-gravity. We also comment on supposed geometric meaning of the obtained answers outside of this region, in particular, the meaning of the minimal model fusion rules. Ano…
We study unitary minimal models coupled to Liouville gravity using Douglas string equation. Our approach is based on the assumption that there exist an appropriate solution of the Douglas string equation and some special choice of the resonance transformation such that necessary selection rules of the minimal Liouville gravity are satisfied. We use the connection with the Frobenius manifold structure. We argue that the flat coordinates on the Frobenius manifold are the most appropriate choice for calculating correlation functions. We find the appropriate solution of the Douglas string equation…
There exists a unique class of local Higher Spin Gravities with propagating massless fields in $4d$ - Chiral Higher Spin Gravity. Originally, it was formulated in the light-cone gauge. We construct a covariant form of this theory as a Free Differential Algebra up to NLO, i.e. at the level of equations of motion. It also contains the recently discovered covariant forms of the higher spin extensions of SDYM and SDGR, as well as SDYM and SDGR themselves. From the mathematical viewpoint the result is equivalent to taking the minimal model (in the sense of $L_\infty$-algebras) of the jet-space exte…
We present locally scale (Weyl) covariant generalisation of Minimal Massive Gravity theory using the language of exterior differential forms on Riemann-Cartan-Weyl space-times. The theory is expressed by a locally scale invariant action and locally scale covariant field equations are found by a first order variational formalism.
We propose gravity, matters and dark energy may be confined on different four dimensional \emph{minimal surfaces} for the observer in five dimensional spacetime. Following this idea, we construct the equations of motion when gravity, matters and dark energy are confined on different minimal surfaces. Then in the background of Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe, we investigate the cosmic evolution when gravity and quintessence are confined on the minimal surfaces.
A general form for the equation of motion for higher-curvature gravity is obtained. The interesting feature of the analysis is that it can handle Lagrangians which contain non-minimal kinetic scalar couplings. Certain subtle features, which are absent for the Einstein-Hilbert term, arise in higher-curvature gravity. These are identified and an algorithmic prescription is presented for the evaluation of the generalized equation of motion.
We show that the minimal gravity of Lee-Yang series on disk is a solution to the open KdV hierarchy proposed for the intersection theory on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces with boundary.
We find the excitations and construct the conserved charges ( mass and angular momentum) of the recently found Minimal Massive Gravity (MMG) in 2+1 dimensions in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. The field equation of the theory does not come from an action and hence lacks the required Bianchi Identity needed to define conserved charges. But the theory, which also provides a healthy extension of the Topologically Massive Gravity in the bulk and boundary of spacetime, does admit conserved charges for metric that are solutions. Our construction is based on background Killing vector…
We construct a warm inflation model with inflaton field non-minimally coupled to induced gravity on a warped DGP brane. We incorporate possible modification of the induced gravity on the brane in the spirit of $f(R)$-gravity. We study cosmological perturbations in this setup. In the case of two field inflation such as warm inflation, usually entropy perturbations are generated. While it is expected that in the case of one field inflation these perturbations to be removed, we show that even in the absence of the radiation field, entropy perturbations are generated in our setup due to non-minima…
We study holographic renormalization of 3D minimal massive gravity using the Chern-Simons-like formulation of the model. We explicitly present Gibbons- Hawking term as well as all counterterms needed to make the action finite in terms of dreibein and spin-connection. This can be used to find correlation functions of stress tensor of holographic dual field theory.
In this paper we construct mass, angular momentum and entropy of black hole solution of Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity (GMMG) in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. The generalized minimal massive gravity theory is realized by adding the CS deformation term, the higher derivative deformation term, and an extra term to pure Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We apply our result for conserved charge $Q^μ (\barξ)$ to the rotating BTZ black hole solution of GMMG, and find energy, angular momentum and entropy. Then we show our results for these quantities are c…
We investigate some cosmological models arising from a non-minimal coupling of a fermionic field to gravity in the geometrical setting of Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble gravity. The role played by the non-minimal coupling together with torsion in facing problems such as cosmological singularity, inflation and dark energy is discussed.
We study the complexity growth by using complexity = action (CA) proposal in Minimal Massive 3D Gravity(MMG) model which is proposed for resolving the bulk-boundary clash problem of Topologically Massive Gravity(TMG). We observe that the rate of the complexity growth for BTZ black hole saturates the proposed bound by physical mass of the BTZ black hole in the MMG model, when the angular momentum parameter and the inner horizon of black hole goes to zero.
Inflationary cosmology and the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe in non-minimal Yang-Mills-$F(R)$ gravity and non-minimal vector-$F(R)$ gravity
We present an alternative to Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG) with the same "minimal" bulk properties; i.e. a single local degree of freedom that is realized as a massive graviton in linearization about an anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacuum. However, in contrast to TMG, the new "minimal massive gravity" has both a positive energy graviton and positive central charges for the asymptotic AdS-boundary conformal algebra.
I find all the static circularly symmetric solutions of Minimal Massive 3D Gravity at its merger point, construct stationary versions of these and discuss some of their geometric and physical properties. It turns out that apart from a static hairy black hole, there is also a static gravitational soliton, that has been overlooked in the literature.
We investigated the relation between the two-dimensional minimal gravity (Lee-Yang series) with boundaries and open intersection theory. It is noted that the minimal gravity with boundaries is defined in terms of boundary cosmological constant $μ_B$ and the open intersection theory in terms of boundary marked point generating parameter $s$. Based on the conjecture that the two different descriptions of the generating functions are related by the Laplace transform, we derive the compact expressions for the generating function of the intersection theory from that of the minimal gravity on a disk…
We look at solutions of Minimal Massive Gravity (MMG), a generalisation of Topologically Massive Gravity (TMG) that improves upon its holographic properties. It is shown that generically (in MMG parameter space) all conformally flat solutions of vacuum MMG are locally isometric to one of the two (A)dS vacua of the theory. We then couple a scalar field, and find that domain wall solutions can only interpolate between these two vacua precisely when the bulk graviton is tachyonic. Finally, we find a non-BTZ AdS black hole solution satisfying Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions, which lies within t…
