We develop algebro-combinatorial tools for computing the Thom polynomials for the Morin singularities $A_i(-)$ ($i\ge 0$). The main tool is the function $F^{(i)}_r$ defined as a combination of Schur functions with certain numerical specializations of Schur polynomials as their coefficients. We show that the Thom polynomial ${\cal T}^{A_i}$ for the singularity $A_i$ (any $i$) associated with maps $({\bf C}^{\bullet},0) \to ({\bf C}^{\bullet+k},0)$, with any parameter $k\ge 0$, under the assumption that $Σ^j=\emptyset$ for all $j\ge 2$, is given by $F^{(i)}_{k+1}$. Equivalently, this says that "the 1-part" of ${\cal T}^{A_i}$ equals $F^{(i)}_{k+1}$. We investigate 2 examples when ${\cal T}^{A_i}$ apart from its 1-part consists also of the 2-part being a single Schur function with some multiplicity. Our computations combine the characterization of Thom polynomials via the "method of restriction equations" of Rimányi et al. with the techniques of Schur functions.
We give the Thom polynomials for the singularities I_2,2 and A_3 associated with maps (C^n,0) -> (C^{n+k},0) with parameter k>=0. We give the Schur function expansions of these Thom polynomials. Moreover, for the singularities A_i (with any parameter k >= 0) we analyze the ``first approximation'' F^(i) to the Thom polynomial. Our computations combine the characterization of Thom polynomials via the ``method of restriction equations'' of Rimanyi et al. with the techniques of (super) Schur functions.
Combining the "method of restriction equations" of Rimányi et al. with the techniques of symmetric functions, we establish the Schur function expansions of the Thom polynomials for the Morin singularities $A_3: ({\bf C}^{\bullet},0)\to ({\bf C}^{\bullet + k},0)$ for any nonnegative integer $k$.
We give the Thom polynomials for the singularities $I_{2,2}$ associated with maps $({\bf C}^{\bullet},0) \to ({\bf C}^{\bullet+k},0)$ with parameter $k\ge 0$. Our computations combine the characterization of Thom polynomials via the ``method of restriction equations'' of Rimanyi et al. with the techniques of Schur functions.
Combining the Kazarian approach to Thom polynomials via classifying spaces of singularities with the Fulton-Lazarsfeld theory of numerical positivity for ample vector bundles, we show that the coefficients of various Schur function expansions of the Thom polynomials of stable and unstable singularities are nonnegative.
We generalize the notion of Thom polynomials from singularities of maps between two complex manifolds to invariant cones in representations, and collections of vector bundles. We prove that the generalized Thom polynomials, expanded in the products of Schur functions of the bundles, have nonnegative coefficients. For classical Thom polynomials associated with maps of complex manifolds, this gives an extension of our former result for stable singularities to nonnecessary stable ones. We also discuss some related aspects of Thom polynomials, which makes the article expository to some extent.
We discuss computations of the Thom polynomials of singularity classes of maps in the basis of Schur functions. We survey the known results about the bound on the length and a rectangle containment for partitions appearing in such Schur function expansions. We describe several recursions for the coefficients. For some singularities, we give old and new computations of their Thom polynomials.
Thom (residual) polynomials in characteristic classes are used in the analysis of geometry of functional spaces. They serve as a tool in description of classes Poincaré dual to subvarieties of functions of prescribed types. We give explicit universal expressions for residual polynomials in spaces of functions on complex curves having isolated singularities and multisingularities, in terms of few characteristic classes. These expressions lead to a partial explicit description of a stratification of Hurwitz spaces.
The Green-Griffiths-Lang conjecture says that for every complex projective algebraic variety $X$ of general type there exists a proper algebraic subvariety of $X$ containing all nonconstant entire holomorphic curves $f:\mathbb{C} \to X$. We construct a compactification of the invariant jet differentials bundle over complex manifolds motivated by an algebraic model of Morin singularities and we develop an iterated residue formula using equivariant localisation for tautological integrals over it. We show that the polynomial GGL conjecture for a generic projective hypersurface of degree $\mathrm{…
We investigate the equisingularity question for $1$-parameter deformation families of mixed polynomial functions $f_t(\mathbf{z},\bar{\mathbf{z}})$ from the Newton polygon point of view. We show that if the members $f_t$ of the family satisfy a number of elementary conditions, which can be easily described in terms of the Newton polygon, then the corresponding family of mixed hypersurfaces $f_t^{-1}(0)$ is Whitney equisingular (and hence topologically equisingular) and satisfies the Thom condition.
In this paper we derive closed formulas for the Thom polynomials of two families of second order Thom-Boardman singularities Σ^{i,j}. The formulas are given as linear combinations of Schur polynomials, and all coefficients are nonnegative.
Thom polynomials measure how global topology forces singularities. The power of Thom polynomials predestine them to be a useful tool not only in differential topology, but also in algebraic geometry (enumerative geometry, moduli spaces) and algebraic combinatorics. The main obstacle of their widespread application is that only a few, sporadic Thom polynomials have been known explicitly. In this paper we develop a general method for calculating Thom polynomials of contact singularities. Along the way, relations with the equivariant geometry of (punctual, local) Hilbert schemes, and with iterate…
Thom polynomials of singularities express the cohomology classes dual to singularity submanifolds. A stabilization property of Thom polynomials is known classically, namely that trivial unfolding does not change the Thom polynomial. In this paper we show that this is a special case of a product rule. The product rule enables us to calculate the Thom polynomials of singularities if we know the Thom polynomial of the product singularity. As a special case of the product rule we define a formal power series (Thom series, Ts_Q) associated with a commutative, complex, finite dimensional local algeb…
\'Akos K.\ Matszangosz, HUN-REN Alfr\'ed R\'enyi Institute of Mathematics, Re\'altanoda utca 13-15, 1053 Budapest, Hungary；L\'aszl\'o M. Feh\'er, Department of Analysis, Institute of Mathematics, E\"otv\"os Lor\'；University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary；HUN-REN Alfr\'ed R\'enyi Institute of Mathematics, Re\'altanoda utca 13-15, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
We conjecture an evaluation of three-partition cyclic Hodge integrals in terms of loop Schur functions. Our formula implies the orbifold Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas correspondence for toric Calabi-Yau threefolds with transverse type A singularities. We prove the formula in the case where one of the partitions is empty, and thus establish the orbifold Gromov- Witten/Donaldson-Thomas correspondence for local toric surfaces with transverse type A singularities.
We show that Thom polynomials of Lagrangian singularities have nonnegative coefficients in the basis consisting of Q-functions. The main tool in the proof is nonnegativity of cone classes for globally generated bundles.
In this note we provide a formula for the Tjurina number of a join of isolated hypersurface singularities in separated variables. From this we are able to provide a characterization of isolated hypersurface singularities whose difference between the Milnor and Tjurina numbers is less or equal than two arising as the join of isolated hypersurface singularities in separated variables. Also, we are able to provide new upper bounds for the quotient of Milnor and Tjurina numbers of certain join of isolated hypersurface singularities. Finally, we deduce an upper bound for the quotient of Milnor and …
Thom polynomial describes the cohomology class Poincaré dual to the locus of particular singularity of a generic holomorphic map. In this paper we derive a closed formula for the generating function of its coefficients. The method is based on a new construction of the embedding space of punctual Hibert scheme that we call the non-associative Hilbert scheme. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on explicit computation of a number of Thom polynomials, including those associated with singularities of Thom-Boardman types~$Σ^{i,j}$, $Σ^{2,1,1}$, $Σ^{2,2,1}$, and~$Σ^{2,2,2}$.
We compute the $δ$-invariant of a curve singularity parameterized by generic sparse polynomials. We apply this to describe topological types of generic singularities of sparse resultants and ``algebraic knot diagrams'' (i.e. generic algebraic spatial curve projections). Our approach is based on some new results on zero loci of Schur polynomials, on transversality properties of maps defined by sparse polynomials, and on a new refinement of the notion of tropicalization of a curve (ultratropicalization), which may be of independent interest.
We study Legendrian singularities arising in complex contact geometry. We define a one-parameter family of bases in the ring of Legendrian characteristic classes such that any Legendrian Thom polynomial has nonnegative coefficients when expanded in these bases. The method uses a suitable Lagrange Grassmann bundle on the product of projective spaces. This is an extension of a nonnegativity result for Lagrangian Thom polynomials obtained by the authors previously. For a fixed pecialization, other specializations of the parameter lead to upper bounds for the coefficients of the given basis. One g…
We describe the positivity of Thom polynomials of singularities of maps, Lagrangian Thom polynomials and Legendrian Thom polynomials. We show that these positivities come from Schubert calculus.
Let $L$ be a cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra of dimension $3$ with finite dimensional cohomology only in dimension one and two. By transfer theorem there exists a cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra structure on the cohomology $H^*(L)$. The inner product plus the higher products of the cyclic $L_\infty$-algebra defines a superpotential function $f$ on $H^1(L)$. We associate with an analytic Milnor fiber for the formal function $f$ and define the Euler characteristic of $L$ is to be the Euler characteristic of the étale cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber. In this paper we prove a Thom-Sebastiani type form…
Hilbert scheme topological invariants of plane curve singularities are identified to framed threefold stable pair invariants. As a result, the conjecture of Oblomkov and Shende on HOMFLY polynomials of links of plane curve singularities is given a Calabi-Yau threefold interpretation. The motivic Donaldson-Thomas theory developed by M. Kontsevich and the third author then yields natural motivic invariants for algebraic knots. This construction is motivated by previous work of V. Shende, C. Vafa and the first author on the large $N$ duality derivation of the above conjecture.
We combine recently developed intersection theory for non-reductive geometric invariant theoretic quotients with equivariant localisation to prove a formula for Thom polynomials of Morin singularities. These formulas use only toric combinatorics of certain partition polyhedra, and our new approach circumvents the poorly understood Borel geometry of existing models.
In a recent paper, M. Green and P. Griffiths used R. Thomas' works on nodal hypersurfaces to establish the equivalence of the Hodge conjecture and the existence of certain singular admissible normal functions. Inspired by their work, we study normal functions using M. Saito's mixed Hodge modules and prove that the existence of singularities of the type considered by Griffiths and Green is equivalent to the Hodge conjecture. Several of the intermediate results, including a relative version of the weak Lefschetz theorem for perverse sheaves, are of independent interest.
The Thom-Boardman symbol was first introduced by Thom in 1956 to classify singularities of differentiable maps. It was later generalized by Boardman to a more general setting. Although the Thom-Boardman symbol is realized by a sequence of non-increasing, nonnegative integers, to compute those numbers is, in general, extremely difficult. In the case of polynomial multiplication maps, Robert Varley conjectured that computing the Thom-Boardman symbol for polynomial multiplication reduces to computing the successive quotients and remainders for the Euclidean algorithm applied to the degrees of the…
Grothendieck polynomials were introduced by Lascoux and Schützenberger, and they play an important role in K-theoretic Schubert calculus. In this paper, we give a new definition of double stable Grothendieck polynomials based on an iterated residue operation. We illustrate the power of our definition by calculating the Grothendieck expansion of K-theoretic Thom polynomials of $A_2$ singularities. We present the expansion in two versions: one displays its expected stabilization, while the other displays its expected finiteness property.
We show that every convergent power series with monomial extended Jacobian ideal is right equivalent to a Thom-Sebastiani polynomial. This solves a problem posed by Hauser and Schicho. On the combinatorial side, we introduce a notion of Jacobian semigroup ideal involving a transversal matroid. For any such ideal we construct a defining Thom-Sebastiani polynomial. On the analytic side, we show that power series with a quasihomogeneous extended Jacobian ideal are strongly Euler homogeneous. Due to a Mather-Yau-type theorem, such power series are determined by their Jacobian ideal up to right equ…
The rationality of the singularities of the $A_n$-loci is the natural question that arises in the papers devoted to the study of the Thom polynomials and $K$-theoretic invariants of the said loci. In this paper we prove that, in general, the $A_2$-loci have singularities worse than rational, and therefore they can not be presented as a GIT quotient of a smooth variety with respect to a reductive group.
In this paper we propose a systematic study of Thom polynomials for group actions defined by M. Kazarian. On one hand we show that Thom polynomials are first obstructions for the existence of a section and are connected to several problems of topology, global geometry and enumerative algebraic geometry. On the other hand we describe a way to calculate Thom polynomials: the method of restriction equations. It turned out that though the idea is quite simple the method is very powerful. We reproduced and improved earlier result in several directions (singularities, Schubert calculus, quivers). Ho…
The goal of the paper is two-fold. At first, we attempt to give a survey of some recent applications of symmetric polynomials and divided differences to intersection theory. We discuss: polynomials universally supported on degeneracy loci; some explicit formulas for the Chern and Segre classes of Schur bundles with applications to enumerative geometry; flag degeneracy loci; fundamental classes, diagonals and Gysin maps; intersection rings of G/P and formulas for isotropic degeneracy loci; numerically positive polynomials for ample vector bundles. Apart of surveyed results, the paper contains a…
We introduce the concept of topological finite-determinacy for germs of analytic functions within a fixed ideal $I$, which provides a notion of topological finite-determinacy of functions with non-isolated singularities. We prove the following statement which generalizes classical results of Thom and Varchenko: let $A$ be the complement in the ideal $I$ of the space of germs whose topological type remains unchanged under a deformation within the ideal that only modifies sufficiently large order terms of the Taylor expansion; then $A$ has infinite codimension in $I$ in a suitable sense. We also…
We study the Brieskorn modules associated to a germ of holomorphic function with non-isolated singularities, and show that the Brieskorn module has naturally a structure of a module over the ring of microdifferential operators of nonpositive degree, and that the kernel of the morphism to the Gauss-Manin system coincides with the torsion part for the action of $t$ and also with that for the action of the inverse of the Gauss-Manin connection. This torsion part is not finitely generated in general, and we give a sufficient condition for the finiteness. We also prove a Thom-Sebastiani type theore…
For any toric Calabi-Yau 3-orbifold with transverse A-singularities, we prove Ruan's crepant resolution conjecture and the Gromov-Witten/Donaldson-Thomas correspondence.
An enumerative problem on a variety $V$ is usually solved by reduction to intersection theory in the cohomology of a compactification of $V$. However, if the problem is invariant under a "nice" group action on $V$ (so that $V$ is spherical), then many authors suggested a better home for intersection theory: the direct limit of the cohomology rings of all equivariant compactifications of $V$. We call this limit the affine cohomology of $V$ and construct affine characteristic classes of subvarieties of a complex torus, taking values in the affine cohomology of the torus. This allows us to make t…
Let $f$ be a polynomial in $n$ variables over some number field and $Z$ a subscheme of affine $n$-space. The notion of motivic oscillation index of $f$ at $Z$ was initiated by Cluckers (2008) and Cluckers-Mustaţǎ-Nguyen (2019). In this paper we elaborate on this notion and raise several questions. The first one is stability under base field extension; this question is linked to a deep understanding of the density of non-archimedean local fields over which Igusa's local zeta functions of $f$ has a pole with given real part. The second one is around Igusa's conjecture for exponential sums with b…
Given a polynomial map $ψ:S^m\to \mathbb{R}^k$ with components of degree $d$, we investigate the structure of the semialgebraic set $Z\subseteq S^m$ consisting of those points where $ψ$ and its derivatives satisfy a given list of polynomial equalities and inequalities (we call such a set a "singularity"). Concerning the upper estimate on the topological complexity of a polynomial singularity, we sharpen the classical bound $b(Z)\leq O(d^{m+1})$, proved by Milnor, with \begin{equation}\label{eq:abstract} b(Z)\leq O(d^{m}),\end{equation} which holds for the generic polynomial map. For what conce…
