G. Pacelli Bessa, J. Fabio Montenegro
J. Nash proved that the geometry of any Riemannian manifold M imposes no restrictions to be embedded isometrically into a (fixed) ball B_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}(1) of the Euclidean space R^N. However, the geometry of M appears, to some extent, imposing restrictions on the mean curvature vector of the embedding.
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An complete exposition of Matthias Gunther's elementary proof of Nash's isometric embedding theorem.
This note is about a little extension of Nash's embedding theorem in the case of complete manifolds.
We $δ$-approximate strictly short (e.g. constant) maps between Riemannin manifolds $f_0:X^m\to Y^N$ for $N>>m^2/2$ by $C^\infty$-smooth isometric immersions $f_δ:X^m\to Y^N$ with curvatures $curv(f_δ) < \frac {\sqrt 3}δ$, for $δ\to 0$
A Nash-Kuiper theorem for isometric immersions in a high codimension
本文研究高余维等距浸入问题，在局部情形下将短浸入逼近的Hölder正则性从θ∈(0,1/(n+2))改进到奇数维的θ∈(0,1/n)和偶数维的θ∈(0,1/(n+1))，并建立了显式C^{1}估计。
A Nash-Kuiper theorem for isometric immersions beyond Borisov's exponent
本文将 Nash–Kuiper 柔性结果推广到超越 Borisov 指数的 $C^{1,α}$ 等距浸入，并通过新型波纹构造、分部积分和误差代数分解改进凸积分证明。
On the geometry of Riemannian isometric embeddings
针对与$\RR^n$微分同胚且允许Bieberbach群$Γ$等距作用的黎曼流形$M$，研究其到欧几里得空间有界子集及$Γ$-等变等距嵌入问题，通过新用已知技巧得到嵌入维数结果，并证明n维光滑流形到$\RR^{2N}$有界子集的嵌入性。
In this article, we study constant mean curvature isometric immersions into $\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{H}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ and we classify these isometric immersions when the surface has constant intrinsic curvature. As applications, we use the sister surface correspondence to classify the constant mean curvature surfaces with constant intrinsic curvature in the $3-$dimensional homogenous manifolds $\mathbb{E}(κ, τ)$ and we use the Torralbo-Urbano correspondence to classify the parallel mean curvature surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^2 \times \mathbb{S}^2$ and $\mathbb{H}^2 \time…
In this paper, we give a definition of coherent tangent bundles of space form type, which is a generalized notion of space forms. Then, we classify their realizations in the sphere as a wave front, which is a generalization of a theorem of O'Neill and Stiel: any isometric immersion of the n-sphere into the (n+1)-sphere of the same sectional curvature is totally geodesic.
A triharmonic map is a critical point of the 3-energy in the space of smooth maps between two Riemannian manifolds. We study a triharmonic isometric immersion into a space form of non-positively constant curvature. We show that if the domain is complete and both the 4-enegy and the L^4-norm of the tension field are finite, then such an immersion is minimal.
In classical surface theory there are but few known examples of surfaces admitting nontrivial isometric deformations and fewer still non-simply-connected ones. We consider the isometric deformability question for an immersion x: M \to R^3 of an oriented non-simply-connected surface with constant mean curvature H. We prove that the space of all isometric immersions of M with constant mean curvature H is, modulo congruences of R^3, either finite or a circle. When it is a circle then, for the immersion x, every cycle in M has vanishing force and, when H is not 0, also vanishing torque. Our work g…
We explore the relation among volume, curvature and properness of a $m$-dimensional isometric immersion in a Riemannian manifold. We show that, when the $L^p$-norm of the mean curvature vector is bounded for some $m \leq p\leq \infty$, and the ambient manifold is a Riemannian manifold with bounded geometry, properness is equivalent to the finiteness of the volume of extrinsic balls. We also relate the total absolute curvature of a surface isometrically immersed in a Riemannian manifold with its properness. Finally, we relate the curvature and the topology of a complete and non-compact $2$-Riem…
Bounded curvature manifolds without Euclidean isometric immersions of bounded mean curvature
本文构造了任意维数下具有有界曲率和单射半径的完备黎曼度量，证明其不存在有界平均曲率的欧几里得等距浸入，从而否定了Yau问题52。
This article is a short nontechnical survey of recent progresses in fluid dynamics and differential geometry, relating a conjecture of Lars Onsager to the work of Nash on isometric embeddings.
Global Nash-Kuiper theorem for compact manifolds
本文推广 Nash-Kuiper 定理至紧致流形，证明凸曲面等距嵌入三维空间时非刚性在 Hölder 指数小于 1/5 时成立，扩展了二维圆盘及高维结果。
Isometric immersions of constant curvature one metrics on the 2-sphere with two conical singularities into Euclidean 3-space: A partial solution to the Gálvez-Hauswirth-Mira problem
该研究建立了带两个锥形奇点的2维球面常曲率1度量与三维欧氏空间等距浸入的几何对应，显式构造出带双锥形奇点的常曲率1曲面族，部分解决了Gálvez等人提出的公开问题。
We study the moduli space of congruence classes of isometric surfaces with the same mean curvature in 4-dimensional space forms. Having the same mean curvature means that there exists a parallel vector bundle isometry between the normal bundles that preserves the mean curvature vector fields. We prove that if both Gauss lifts of a compact surface to the twistor bundle are not vertically harmonic, then there exist at most three nontrivial congruence classes. We show that surfaces with a vertically harmonic Gauss lift possess a holomorphic quadratic differential, yielding thus a Hopf-type theore…
We show that any metric on $S^2$ with Gauss curvature $K \geq -κ$ admits a $C^{1,1}$-isometric embedding into the hyperbolic space with sectional curvature $-κ$. We also give a sufficient condition for a metric on $S^2$ to be isometrically embedded into anti-de Sitter spacetime with the prescribed cosmological time function.
A Riemannian manifold endowed with $k\ge2$ complementary pairwise orthogonal distributions is called a Riemannian almost $k$-product manifold. In the article, for the first time, we study the following problem: find a relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic invariants of a Riemannian almost $k$-product manifold isometrically immersed in another Riemannian manifold. For such immersions, we establish an optimal inequality that includes the mixed scalar curvature and the square of the mean curvature. Although Riemannian curvature tensor belongs to intrinsic geometry, a special part called th…
We investigate the behavior of the second fundamental form of an isometric immersion of a space form with negative curvature into a space form so that the extrinsic curvature is negative. If the immersion has flat normal bundle, we prove that its second fundamental form grows exponentially.
We study isometric immersions of surfaces of constant curvature into the homogeneous spaces H2xR and S2xR. In particular, we prove that there exists a unique isometric immersion from the standard 2-sphere of constant curvature c>0 into H2xR and a unique one into S2xR when c>1, up to isometries of the ambient space. Moreover, we show that the hyperbolic plane of constant curvature c<-1 cannot be isometrically immersed into H2xR or S2xR.
On any compact Riemann surface there always exists a singular non-CSC (constant scalar curvature) extremal K$\ddot{a}$hler metric which is called a non-CSC HCMU (the Hessian of the Curvature of the Metric is Umbilical) metric. In this paper, by moving frames, we show that any non-CSC HCMU metric can not be isometrically minimal immersed into 3-dimensional real space forms even locally. In general, any non-CSC HCMU metric can not be isometrically immersed into 3-dimensional real space forms with constant mean curvature (CMC).
On the isometric version of Whitney's strong embedding theorem
本文在Nash-Kuiper h-原理框架下，证明了任意n维光滑紧致流形可等距嵌入2n维欧氏空间，且嵌入具有特定Hölder正则性，方法为凸积分与粘合技术。
We consider the isometric deformation problem for oriented non simply connected immersed minimal surfaces $f:M \to S^{4}$. We prove that the space of all isometric minimal immersions of $M$ into $S^{4}$ with the same normal curvature function is, within congruences, either finite or a circle. Furthermore, we show that for any compact immersed minimal surface in $S^{4}$ with nontrivial normal bundle there are at most finitely many noncongruent immersed minimal surfaces in $S^{4}$ isometric to it with the same normal curvature function.
We study curvature invariants of a sub-Riemannian manifold (i.e., a manifold with a Riemannian metric on a non-holonomic distribution) related to mutual curvature of several pairwise orthogonal subspaces of the distribution, and prove geometrical inequalities for a sub-Riemannian submanifold. As applications, inequalities are proved for submanifolds with mutually orthogonal distributions that include scalar and mutual curvature. For compact submanifolds, inequalities are obtained that are supported by known integral formulas for almost-product manifolds.
Isometric Embeddings of Conformally Compact Manifolds into Hyperbolic Spaces
本文证明了共形紧致流形可以等距嵌入到高维双曲空间中，解决了在无穷远处具有负曲率下界流形的嵌入问题。
The Nash-Kuiper Theorem states that the collection of $C^1$-isometric embeddings from a Riemannian manifold $M^n$ into $\mathbb{E}^N$ is $C^0$-dense within the collection of all smooth 1-Lipschitz embeddings provided that $n < N$. This result is now known to be a consequence of Gromov's more general $h$-principle. There have been some recent extensions of the Nash-Kuiper Theorem to Euclidean polyhedra, which in some sense provide a very specialized discretization of the $h$-principle. In this paper we will discuss these recent results and provide generalizations to the setting of isometric emb…
We prove that a simpy connected Hermitian Einstein 4-manifold with non-negative sectional curvature is isometric to complex projective space $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{2}$ with the Fubini-Study metric or isometric to the product $\mathbb{S}^{2}\times \mathbb{S}^{2}$ with the canonical metric.
We use bifurcation theory to show the existence of infinite sequences isometric embeddings of tori with constant mean curvature (CMC) in Euclidean spheres that are not isometrically congruent to the CMC Clifford tori, and accumulating at some CMC Clifford torus.
In this paper we have investigated some aspects of gradient $ρ$-Einstein Ricci soliton in a complete Riemannian manifold. First, we have proved that the compact gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton is isometric to the Euclidean sphere by showing that the scalar curvature becomes constant. Second, we have showed that in a non-compact gradient $ρ$-Einstein soliton satisfying some integral condition, the scalar curvature vanishes.
We study the problem of isometrically embedding a two-dimensional Riemannian manifold into Euclidean three-space. It is shown that if Gaussian curvature vanishes to finite order and its zero set consists of two smooth curves tangent at a point, then local sufficiently smooth isometric embedding exists.
We prove that for any complete n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature, if the Nash inequality is satisfied, then it is diffeomorphic to $R^{n}$l.
We use a new method to give conditions for the existence of a local isometric immersion of a Riemannian $n$-manifold $M$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n+k}$, for a given $n$ and $k$. These equate to the (local) existence of a $k$-tuple of scalar fields on the manifold, satisfying a certain non-linear equation involving the Riemannian curvature tensor of $M$. Setting $k=1$, we proceed to recover the fundamental theorem of hypersurfaces. In the case of manifolds of positive sectional curvature and $n\geq 3$, we reduce the solvability of the Gauss and Codazzi equations to the cancelation of a set of obstructio…
We study the old problem of isometrically embedding a 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold into Euclidean 3-space. It is shown that if the Gaussian curvature vanishes to finite order and its zero set consists of two Lipschitz curves intersecting transversely at a point, then local sufficiently smooth isometric embeddings exist.
We prove that any metric with curvature $\leq -1$ (in the sense of A. D. Alexandrov) on a closed surface of genus $>1$ is isometric to the induced intrinsic metric on a space-like convex surface in a Lorentzian manifold of dimension $(2+1)$ with sectional curvature $-1$. The proof is done by approximation, using a result about isometric immersion of smooth metrics by Labourie--Schlenker.
Positive sectional curvature and non-isometric circle actions on a family of eleven-spheres
该研究通过非等距圆周作用在具有偶数Eells--Kuiper不变量的同伦十一维球面上构造正截面曲率度量，并给出依赖于成员的显式正曲率下界。
In this paper the method of compensated compactness is applied to the problem of isometric immersion of a two dimensional Riemannian manifold with negative Gauss curvature into three dimensional Euclidean space. Previous applications of the method to this problem have required decay of order $t^{-4}$ in the Gauss curvature. Here we show that the decay of Hong $t^{-2-δ/2}$ where $δ\in(0,4)$ suffices.
Although the Nash theorem solves the isometric embedding problem, matters are inherently more involved if one is further seeking an embedding that is well-behaved from the standpoint of submanifold geometry. More generally, consider a Lipschitz map $F:M^m\to\mathbb R^n$, where $M^m$ is a Hadamard manifold whose curvature lies between negative constants. The main result of this paper is that $F$ must perform a substantial compression: For every $r>0$ and integer $k\geq 2$ there exist $k$ geodesic balls of radius $r$ in $M^m$ that are arbitrarily far from each other, but whose images under $F$ a…
The isometric immersion of two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds or surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space is a fundamental problem in differential geometry. When the Gauss curvature is negative, the isometric immersion problem is considered in this paper through the Gauss-Codazzi system for the second fundamental forms. It is shown that if the Gauss curvature satisfies an integrability condition, the surface has a global smooth isometric immersion in the three-dimensional Euclidean space even if the Gauss curvature decays very slowly at infinity. The new idea of the proof is based o…
Compact Bonnet Pairs: isometric tori with the same curvatures
我们构造了第一对紧致 Bonnet 环面，它们由保持平均曲率的等距变换联系，解决了度量与平均曲率函数是否唯一决定紧致浸入的长期问题，并证明了实解析性。构造基于等温曲面与共形变换，源于离散微分几何的计算研究。
A proof of the isometric embedding of a given two-metric in E^3 of class C^1. The method uses the theory of first order partial differential equations. The curvature of the metric plays no role in the proof.
In this article, we study a free boundary isometric embedding problem for abstract Riemannian two-manifolds with the topology of the disc. Under the assumption of positive Gauss curvature and geodesic curvature of the boundary being equal to one, we show that any such disc may be isometrically embedded into the Euclidean three space $\mathbb{R}^3$ such that the image of the boundary meets the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$ orthogonally. Moreover, we also show that the embedding is unique up to rotations and reflections through planes containing the origin. Finally, we define a new Brown-York type …
For a given simply connected Riemannian surface Sigma, we relate the problem of finding minimal isometric immersions of Sigma into S^2 x R or H^2 x R to a system of two partial differential equations on Sigma. We prove that a constant intrinsic curvature minimal surface in S^2 x R or H^2 x R is either totally geodesic or part of an associate surface of a certain limit of catenoids in H^2 x R. We also prove that if a non constant curvature Riemannian surface admits a continuous one-parameter family of minimal isometric immersions into S^2 x R or H^2 x R, then all these immersions are associate.
In this paper we study the embedding of Riemannian manifolds in low codimension. The well-known result of Nash and Kuiper says that any short embedding in codimension one can be uniformly approximated by $C^1$ isometric embeddings. This statement clearly cannot be true for $C^2$ embeddings in general, due to the classical rigidity in the Weyl problem. In fact Borisov extended the latter to embeddings of class $C^{1,α}$ with $α>2/3$. On the other hand he announced in that the Nash-Kuiper statement can be extended to local $C^{1,α}$ embeddings with $α<(1+n+n^2)^{-1}$, where $n$ is the dimension …
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the space of smooth metrics $g$ on a given compact manifold $M^{n}$ ($n\geq3$) with constant scalar curvature and unitary volume. The goal of this paper is to study the critical point of the total scalar curvature functional restricted to the space $\mathcal{C}$ (we shall refer to this critical point as CPE metrics) under assumption that $(M,g)$ has zero radial Weyl curvature. Among the results obtained, we emphasize that in 3-dimension we will be able to prove that a CPE metric with nonnegative sectional curvature must be isometric to a standard $3$-sphere. We will also p…
Motivated by the quasi-local mass problem in general relativity, we study the rigidity of isometric immersions with the same mean curvature into a warped product space. As a corollary of our main result, two star-shaped hypersurfaces in a spatial Schwarzschild or AdS-Schwarzschild manifold with nonzero mass differ only by a rotation if they are isometric and have the same mean curvature. We also give similar results if the mean curvature condition is replaced by an $σ_2$-curvature condition.
We explore the practicability of Nash's Embedding Theorem in vision and imaging sciences. In particular, we investigate the relevance of a result of Burago and Zalgaller regarding the existence of isometric embeddings of polyhedral surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and we show that their proof does not extended directly to higher dimensions.
In this paper, we prove that a noncompact complete hypersurface with finite weighted volume, weighted mean curvature vector bounded in norm, and isometrically immersed in a complete weighted manifold is proper. In addition, we obtain an estimate for $f$-stability index of a constant weighted mean curvature hypersurface with finite weighted volume and isometrically immersed in a shrinking gradient Ricci soliton that admits at least one parallel field globally defined. For such hypersurface, we still give a necessary condition for equality to be achieved in the estimate obtained.
We construct smooth metrics on 2-manifold with nonpositive Gauss curvature which cannot be (C^3) locally isometrically embedded in R^3. Moreover, the Gauss curvature of the metric can be made negative except for one point.
We point out that a 4-dimensional topological manifold with an Alexandrov metric (of curvature bounded below) and with an effective, isometric action of the circle or the 2-torus is locally smooth. This observation implies that the topological and equivariant classifications of compact, simply connected Riemannian 4-manifolds with positive or nonnegative sectional curvature and an effective isometric action of a circle or a 2-torus also hold if we consider Alexandrov manifolds instead of Riemannian manifolds.
We consider isometric immersions of complete connected Riemannian manifolds into space forms of nonzero constant curvature. We prove that if such an immersion is compact and has semi-definite second fundamental form, then it is an embedding with codimension one, its image bounds a convex set, and it is rigid. This result generalizes previous ones by M. do Carmo and E. Lima, as well as by M. do Carmo and F. Warner. It also settles affirmatively a conjecture by do Carmo and Warner. We establish a similar result for complete isometric immersions satisfying a stronger condition on the second funda…
We consider two natural problems arising in geometry which are equivalent to the local solvability of specific equations of Monge-Ampere type. These two problems are: the local isometric embedding problem for two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, and the problem of locally prescribed Gaussian curvature for surfaces in R^3. We prove a general local existence result for a large class of Monge-Ampere equations in the plane, and obtain as corollaries the existence of regular solutions to both problems, in the case that the Gaussian curvature vanishes to arbitrary finite order on a single smooth cu…
Let $(M^n,g)$ be an $n$-dimensional compact connected Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary. We show that the presence of a nontrivial conformal gradient vector field on $M$, with an appropriate control on the Ricci curvature makes $M$ to be isometric to a hemisphere of $\mathbb{S}^{n}$. We also prove that if an Einstein manifold admits nonzero conformal gradient vector field, then its scalar curvature is positive and it is isometric to a hemisphere of $\mathbb{S}^{n}$. Furthermore, we prove that if $ M $ admits a nontrivial conformal vector field and has constant scalar curvature, then the…
Examples of Curvature Inhomogeneous Submanifolds with Constant Ricci Eigenvalues
该研究构造了两类具有常Ricci特征值的曲率非齐次黎曼流形，分别源自Einstein扭曲积和黎曼Schwarzschild-Tangherlini流形，明确了其特征值数量及等距浸入/嵌入的最小余维数。
We provide integral curvature bounds for compact Riemannian manifolds that allow isometric immersions into a Euclidean space with low codimension in terms of the Betti numbers.
In this paper, we give a complete classification of critical metrics of the volume functional on a compact manifold $M$ with boundary $\partial M$ having positive isotropic curvature. We prove that for a pair $(f, κ)$ of a nontrivial smooth function $f: M \to {\Bbb R}$ and a nonnegative real number $κ$, if $(M, g)$ having positive isotropic curvature satisfies $$ Ddf - (Δf)g - f{\rm Ric} = κg, $$ then $(M, g)$ is isometric to a geodesic ball in ${\Bbb S}^n$ when $κ>0$, and either $M$ isometric to ${\Bbb S}^n_+$, or the product $I \times {\Bbb S}^{n-1}$, up to finite cover when $κ=0$.
It is known that an isometric action of a Lie group on a compact symmetric space gives rise to a proper Fredholm action of a path group on a path space via the gauge transformations. In this paper, supposing that the isometric action is a Hermann action (i.e. an isometric action of a symmetric subgroup of the isometry group) we give an explicit formula for the principal curvatures of orbits of the path group action and study the condition for those orbits to be austere, that is, the set of principal curvatures in the direction of each normal vector is invariant under the multiplication by minu…
We prove that, given a $C^2$ Riemannian metric $g$ on the $2$-dimensional disk $D_2$, any short $C^1$ immersion of $(D_2,g)$ into $\mathbb R^3$ can be uniformly approximated with $C^{1,α}$ isometric immersions for any $α< \frac{1}{5}$. This statement improves previous results by Yu.F. Borisov and of a joint paper of the first and third author with S. Conti.
The aim of this paper is to present a direct and simple proof of a result concerning the existence of metrics of positive Ricci curvature on the total space of fiber bundles with compact structure groups. In particular, it also generalizes and puts in a unified framework the results in Nash \cite{nash} and Poor \cite{poor}. With the intention of disseminating this result, we apply it to build new examples of manifolds with positive Ricci curvature, including bundles whose base consists of gradient shrinking Ricci solitons.
We prove that if $n$ is even, $(M,g)$ is a compact $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold whose Pfaffian form is a positive multiple of the volume form, and $y\in C^{1,α}(M;\mathbb{R}^{n+1})$ is an isometric immersion with $n/(n+1)< α\leq 1$, then $y(M)$ is a surface of bounded extrinsic curvature. This is proved by showing that extrinsic curvature, defined by a suitable pull-back of the volume form on the $n$-sphere via the Gauss map, is identical to intrinsic curvature, defined by the Pfaffian form. This latter fact is stated in form of an integral identity for the Brouwer degree of the Gauss m…
We prove a priori bounds for the trace of the second fundamental form of a $C^4$ isometric embedding into $R^{n+1}$ of a metric $g$ of non-negative sectional curvature on $S^n$, in terms of the scalar curvature, and the diameter of $g$. These estimates give a bound on the extrinsic geometry in terms of intrinsic quantities. They generalize estimates originally obtained by Weyl for the case $n=2$ and positive curvature, and then by P. Guan and the first author for non-negative curvature and $n=2$. Using $C^{2,α}$ interior estimates of Evans and Krylov for concave fully nonlinear elliptic partia…
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