Higgs bundles and surface group representations in the real symplectic group
Oscar Garcia-Prada, Peter B. Gothen, Ignasi Mundet i Riera
备注：
55 pages; v2: main results are unchanged but paper has been completely reorganized and presentation significantly improved; v3, v4: various corrections and improvements; Part 1 of v2 has been split off as the independent paper arXiv:0909.4487v1 [math.DG]
In this paper we study the moduli space of representations of a surface group (i.e., the fundamental group of a closed oriented surface) in the real symplectic group Sp(2n,R). The moduli space is partitioned by an integer invariant, called the Toledo invariant. This invariant is bounded by a Milnor-Wood type inequality. Our main result is a count of the number of connected components of the moduli space of maximal representations, i.e. representations with maximal Toledo invariant. Our approach uses the non-abelian Hodge theory correspondence proved in a companion paper arXiv:0909.4487 [math.DG] to identify the space of representations with the moduli space of polystable Sp(2n,R)-Higgs bundles. A key step is provided by the discovery of new discrete invariants of maximal representations. These new invariants arise from an identification, in the maximal case, of the moduli space of Sp(2n,R)-Higgs bundles with a moduli space of twisted Higgs bundles for the group GL(n,R).
Let X be a smooth complex projective curve and S a finite subset of X. We show that an orthogonal or symplectic parabolic Higgs bundle on X with parabolic structure over S admits a Hermitian-Einstein connection if and only if it is polystable.
In the previous paper \cite{Goto_2017}, the notion of an Einstein-Hermitian metric of a generalized holomorphic vector bundle over a generalized Kahler manifold of symplectic type was introduced from the moment map framework. In this paper we establish a Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence, that is, the equivalence of the existence of an Einstein-Hermitian metric and $ψ$-polystability of a generalized holomorphic vector bundle over a compact generalized Kahler manifold of symplectic type. Poisson modules provide intriguing generalized holomorphic vector bundles and we obtain $ψ$-stable Poisson mo…
We give an overview of the work of Corlette, Donaldson, Hitchin and Simpson leading to the non-abelian Hodge theory correspondence between representations of the fundamental group of a surface and the moduli space of Higgs bundles. We then explain how this can be generalized to a correspondence between character varieties for representations of surface groups in real Lie groups G and the moduli space of G-Higgs bundles. Finally we survey recent joint work with Bradlow, García-Prada and Mundet i Riera on the moduli space of maximal Sp(2n,R)-Higgs bundles.
On a complex manifold, a co-Higgs bundle is a holomorphic vector bundle with an endomorphism twisted by the tangent bundle. The notion of generalized holomorphic bundle in Hitchin's generalized geometry coincides with that of co-Higgs bundle when the generalized complex manifold is ordinary complex. Schwarzenberger's rank-2 vector bundle on the projective plane, constructed from a line bundle on the double cover CP^1 \times CP^1 \to CP^2, is naturally a co-Higgs bundle, with the twisted endomorphism, or "Higgs field", also descending from the double cover. Allowing the branch conic to vary, we…
We generalize the classical Beauville-Narasimhan-Ramanan correspondence to the case of parabolic Higgs bundles with regular singularities and Higgs $V$-bundles. Using this correspondence along with Bott-Morse theoretic techniques we provide an exact component count for moduli spaces of maximal parabolic $\text{Sp}\left( 2n,\mathbb{R} \right)$-Higgs bundles with fixed parabolic structure.
The variety of minimal rational tangents associated to Hecke curves was used by J.-M.Hwang [8] to prove the simplicity of the tangent bundle on the moduli of vector bundles over a curve. In this paper, we use the tangent maps of the symplectic and orthogonal Hecke curves to prove an analogous result for symplectic and orthogonal bundles. In particular, we show the nondegeneracy of the associated variety of minimal rational tangents, which implies the simplicity of the tangent bundle on the moduli spaces of symplectic and orthogonal bundles over a curve. We also show that for large enough genus…
We prove a Hitchin-Kobayashi correspondence for extensions of Higgs bundles. The results generalize known results for extensions of holomorphic bundles. Using Simpson's methods, we construct moduli spaces of stable objects. In an appendix we construct Bott-Chern forms for Higgs bundles
We define homogeneous principal Higgs and co-Higgs bundles over irreducible Hermitian symmetric spaces of compact type. We provide a classification for each type of object up to isomorphism, which in each case can be interpreted as defining a moduli space.
We prove that the moduli spaces of parabolic symplectic/orthogonal bundles on a smooth curve are globally F regular type. As a consequence, all higher cohomology of theta line bundle vanish. During the proof, we develop a method to estimate codimension, and consider the infinite grassmannians for parabolic $G$ bundles.
Using the Morse-theoretic methods introduced by Hitchin, we prove that the moduli space of $\SO_0(1,n)$-Higgs bundles when $n$ is odd has two connected components.
The paper studies the locus in the rank 2 Higgs bundle moduli space corresponding to points which are critical for d of the Poisson commuting functions. These correspond to the Higgs field vanishing on a divisor of degree D. The degree D critical locus has an induced integrable system related to K(-D)-twisted Higgs bundles. Topological and differential-geometric properties of the critical loci are addressed.
We provide notions of numerical effectiveness and numerical flatness for Higgs vector bundles on compact Kähler manifolds in terms of fibre metrics. We prove several properties of bundles satisfying such conditions and in particular we show that numerically flat Higgs bundles have vanishing Chern classes, and that they admit filtrations whose quotients are stable flat Higgs bundles. We compare these definitions with those previously given in the case of projective varieties. Finally we study the relations between numerically effectiveness and semistability, establishing semistability criteria …
We prove the Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence between good wild harmonic bundles and polystable good filtered $λ$-flat bundles satisfying a vanishing condition. We also study the correspondence for good wild harmonic bundles with the homogeneity with respect to a group action, which is expected to provide another way to construct Frobenius manifolds.
I consider principal Higgs bundles satisfying a notion of numerical flatness (H-nflatness) that was introduced by Bruzzo and Graña Otero. I prove that a principal Higgs bundle $\mathfrak{E}=(E,φ)$ is H-nflat is either stable or there exists a Higgs reduction of $\mathfrak{E}$ to a parabolic subgroup $P$ of $G$ such that the principal $L$-bundle $\mathfrak{E}_L$ obtained by extending the reduced Higgs bundle $\mathfrak{E}_P$ to the Levi factor $L$ is H-nflat and stable; and as consequence, $H^{*}(\mathfrak{E},\mathbb{R})$ is isomorphic to the cohomology ring of the associated graded object $\ma…
Let X be an irreducible smooth complex projective curve of genus at least 3. Fix a line bundle L on X. Let M_{Sp}(L) be the moduli space of symplectic bundles (E, ExE ---> L) on X, with the symplectic form taking values in L. We show that the automorphism group of M_{Sp}(L) is generated by automorphisms sending E to ExM, where M is a 2-torsion line bundle, and automorphisms induced by automorphisms of X.
We define and study the existence of very stable Higgs bundles on Riemann surfaces, how it implies a precise formula for the multiplicity of the very stable components of the global nilpotent cone and its relationship to mirror symmetry. The main ingredients are the Bialynicki-Birula theory of ${\mathbb C}^*$-actions on semiprojective varieties, ${\mathbb C}^*$ characters of indices of ${\mathbb C}^*$-equivariant coherent sheaves, Hecke transformation for Higgs bundles, relative Fourier-Mukai transform along the Hitchin fibration, hyperholomorphic structures on universal bundles and cominuscul…
A symplectic bundle over an algebraic curve has a natural invariant $\sLag$ determined by the maximal degree of its Lagrangian subbundles. This can be viewed as a generalization of the classical Segre invariants of a vector bundle. We give a sharp upper bound on $\sLag$ which is analogous to the Hirschowitz bound on the classical Segre invariants. Furthermore, we study the stratifications induced by $\sLag$ on moduli spaces of symplectic bundles, and get a full picture for the case of rank four.
We review the notions of symplectic and orthogonal vector bundles over curves, and the connection between principal parts and extensions of vector bundles. We give a criterion for a certain extension of rank 2n to be symplectic or orthogonal. We then describe almost all of its rank n vector subbundles using graphs of sheaf homomorphisms, and give criteria for the isotropy of these subbundles.
Let $X$ be a compact connected Riemann surface and $D$ an effective divisor on $X$. Let ${\mathcal N}_H(r,d)$ denote the moduli space of $D$-twisted stable Higgs bundles (a special class of Hitchin pairs) on $X$ of rank $r$ and degree $d$. It is known that ${\mathcal N}_H(r,d)$ has a natural holomorphic Poisson structure which is in fact symplectic if and only if $D$ is the zero divisor. We prove that ${\mathcal N}_H(r,d)$ admits a natural enhancement to a holomorphic symplectic manifold which is called here ${\mathcal M}_H(r,d)$. This ${\mathcal M}_H(r,d)$ is constructed by trivializing, over…
Under some conditions on the deformation type, which we expect to be satisfied for arbitrary irreducible symplectic varieties, we describe which big and nef line bundles on irreducible symplectic varieties have base divisors. In particular, we show that such base divisors are always irreducible and reduced. This is applied to understand the behaviour of divisorial base components of big and nef line bundles under deformations and for K3$^{[n]}$-type and Kum$^n$-type.
These notes give an introduction to Geometric Invariant Theory and symplectic reduction, with lots of pictures and simple examples. We describe their applications to moduli of bundles and varieties, and their infinite dimensional analogues in gauge theory and the theory of special metrics on algebraic varieties. Donaldson's "quantisation" link between the infinite and finite dimensional situations is described, as are surprisingly strong connections between the bundle and variety cases.
A symplectic or orthogonal bundle $V$ of rank $2n$ over a curve has an invariant $t(V)$ which measures the maximal degree of its isotropic subbundles of rank $n$. This invariant $t$ defines stratifications on moduli spaces of symplectic and orthogonal bundles. We study this stratification by relating it to another one given by secant varieties in certain extension spaces. We give a sharp upper bound on $t(V)$, which generalizes the classical Nagata bound for ruled surfaces and the Hirschowitz bound for vector bundles, and study the structure of the stratifications on the moduli spaces. In part…
In this note we prove that the moduli space of torsion-free modules of rank one over an Azumaya algebra on a K3-surface is an irreducible symplectic variety deformation equivalent to a Hilbert scheme of points on the K3-surface.
In this paper the K-Theory and the category of homogeneous vector bundles on the symplectic Grassmannian SpGr(2,N) of isotropic 2-planes are discussed.
Let X be a complex projective curve which is smooth and irreducible of genus 2. The moduli space M_2 of semistable symplectic vector bundles of rank 4 over X is a variety of dimension 10. After assembling some results on vector bundles of rank 2 and odd degree over X, we construct a generically finite cover of M_2 by a family of 5-dimensional projective spaces, and outline some applications.
We describe here a degeneration of the symplectic desingularization of the moduli spaces of topologically trivial $GL(2,\mathbb{C})$ and $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$-Higgs bundles over a hyperelliptic curve, into O'Grady's ten and six dimensional exceptional examples of irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds. Most of this note is a survey of work on these degenerations by Donagi-Ein-Lazarsfeld, de Cataldo-Maulik-Shen and Felissetti-Mauri, although in certain cases we provide details that were missing the previous articles.
In a recent paper \cite{3}, a semi-stable degeneration of moduli space of Higgs bundles on a curve has been constructed. In this paper, we show that there is a relative log-symplectic form on this degeneration, whose restriction to the generic fibre is the classical symplectic form discovered by Hitchin. We compute the Poisson ranks at every point and describe the symplectic foliation on the closed fibre. We also show that the closed fibre, which is a variety with normal crossing singularities, acquires a structure of an algebraically completely integrable system.
In this article we study the Gieseker-Maruyama moduli spaces $\mathcal{B}(e,n)$ of stable rank 2 algebraic vector bundles with Chern classes $c_1=e\in\{-1,0\},\ c_2=n\ge1$ on the projective space $\mathbb{P}^3$. We construct two new infinite series $Σ_0$ and $Σ_1$ of irreducible components of the spaces $\mathcal{B}(e,n)$, for $e=0$ and $e=-1$, respectively. General bundles of these components are obtained as cohomology sheaves of monads, the middle term of which is a rank 4 symplectic instanton bundle in case $e=0$, respectively, twisted symplectic bundle in case $e=-1$. We show that the seri…
We give a comparative description of the Poisson structures on the moduli spaces of flat connections on real surfaces and holomorphic Poisson structures on the moduli spaces of holomorphic bundles on complex surfaces. The symplectic leaves of the latter are classified by restrictions of the bundles to certain divisors. This can be regarded as fixing a "complex analogue of the holonomy" of a connection along a "complex analogue of the boundary" in analogy with the real case.
Let $MI_{Simp,P^{2n+1}}(k)$ be the moduli space of stable symplectic instanton bundles on $P^{2n+1}$ with second Chern class $c_2=k$ (it is a closed subscheme of the moduli space $MI_{P^{2n+1}}(k)$), We prove that the dimension of its Zariski tangent space at a special (symplectic) instanton bundle is $2k(5n-1)+4n^2-10n+3, k\geq 2$. It follows that special symplectic instanton bundles are smooth points for $ k \leq 3 $
We consider regularly stable parabolic symplectic and orthogonal bundles over an irreducible smooth projective curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. The morphism from the moduli stack of such bundles to its coarse moduli space is a $μ_2$-gerbe. We study the period and index of this gerbe, and solve the corresponding period-index problem.
Hitchin in [Duke Math. J. 54 (1), 91-114 (1987)] introduced a proper morphism from the moduli space of stable $G$-Higgs bundles ($G=\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{C}),\mathrm{Sp}(2m,\mathbb{C})$ and $\mathrm{SO}(n,\mathbb{C})$) over a curve to a vector space of invariant polynomials and he described the generic fibers of that morphism. In this paper, we first describe the generic Hitchin fibers for the moduli space of stable parabolic projective symplectic/orthogonal Higgs bundles without fixing the determinant. We also describe the generic fibers when the determinant is trivial.
Symplectic instanton vector bundles on the projective space $\mathbb{P}^3$ constitute a natural generalization of mathematical instantons of rank 2. We study the moduli space $I_{n,r}$ of rank-$2r$ symplectic instanton vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^3$ with $r\ge2$ and second Chern class $n\ge r,\ n\equiv r({\rm mod}2)$. We give an explicit construction of an irreducible component $I^*_{n,r}$ of this space for each such value of $n$ and show that $I^*_{n,r}$ has the expected dimension $4n(r+1)-r(2r+1)$.
In this survey we describe an interplay between Procesi bundles on symplectic resolutions of quotient singularities and Symplectic reflection algebras. Procesi bundles were constructed by Haiman and, in a greater generality, by Bezrukavnikov and Kaledin. Symplectic reflection algebras are deformations of skew-group algebras defined in complete generality by Etingof and Ginzburg. We construct and classify Procesi bundles, prove an isomorphism between spherical Symplectic reflection algebras, give a proof of wreath Macdonald positivity and of localization theorems for cyclotomic Rational Cheredn…
The moduli space M_2 of rank four semistable symplectic vector bundles over a curve X of genus two is an irreducible projective variety of dimension ten. Its Picard group is generated by the determinantal line bundle Ξ. The base locus of the linear system |Ξ| consists of precisely those bundles without theta divisors, that is, admitting nonzero maps from every line bundle of degree -1 = 1-g over X. We show that this base locus consists of six distinct points, which are in canonical bijection with the Weierstrass points of the curve. We relate our construction of these bundles to another of Ray…
We study the moduli space $I_{n,r}$ of rank-$2r$ symplectic instanton vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^3$ with $r\ge2$ and second Chern class $n\ge r+1,\ n-r\equiv 1(\mathrm{mod}2)$. We introduce the notion of tame symplectic instantons by excluding a kind of pathological monads and show that the locus $I^*_{n,r}$ of tame symplectic instantons is irreducible and has the expected dimension, equal to $4n(r+1)-r(2r+1)$. The proof is inherently based on a relation between the spaces $I^*_{n,r}$ and the moduli spaces of 't Hooft instantons
We show that there exist symplectic structures on a $\mathbb CP^1$-bundle over $\mathbb CP^2$ that do not admit a compatible Kähler structure. These symplectic structures were originally constructed by Tolman and they have a Hamiltonian $\mathbb T^2$-symmetry. Tolman's manifold was shown to be diffeomorphic to a $\mathbb CP^1$-bundle over $\mathbb CP^{2}$ by Goertsches, Konstantis, and Zoller. The proof of our result relies on Mori theory, and on classical facts about holomorphic vector bundles over $\mathbb CP^{2}$.
Let $(X,D)$ and $(X',D')$ be two compact Riemann surfaces of genus $g \geq 4$ with the set of marked points $D \subset X$ and $D' \subset X'$. Fix a parabolic line bundle $L$ with trivial parabolic structure. Let $\mathcal{N}_{\textnormal{Sp}}(2m,α,L)$ and $\mathcal{N}'_{\textnormal{Sp}}(2m,α,L)$ be the moduli spaces of stable symplectic parabolic Higgs bundles over $X$ and $X'$ respectively, with rank $2m$ and fixed parabolic structure $α$, with the symplectic form taking values in $L$. We prove that if $\mathcal{N}_{\textnormal{Sp}}(2m,α,L)$ is isomorphic to $\mathcal{N}'_{\textnormal{Sp}}(2…
We extend a theorem of Ottaviani on cohomological splitting criterion for vector bundles over the Grassmannian to the case of the symplectic isotropic Grassmanian. We find necessary and sufficient conditions for the case of the Grassmanian of symplectic isotropic lines. For the general case the generalization of Ottaviani's conditions are sufficient for vector bundles over the symplectic isotropic Grassmannian. By a calculation in the program LiE, we find that Ottaviani's conditions are necessary for Lagrangian Grassmannian of isotropic $k$-planes for $k\leq 6$, but they fail to be necessary f…
Let $C$ be an algebraic curve of genus $g$ and $L$ a line bundle over $C$. Let $\mathcal{MS}_C(n,L)$ and $\mathcal{MO}_C(n,L)$ be the moduli spaces of $L$-valued symplectic and orthogonal bundles respectively, over $C$ of rank $n$. We construct rational curves on these moduli spaces which generalize Hecke curves on the moduli space of vector bundles. As a main result, we show that these Hecke type curves have the minimal degree among the rational curves passing through a general point of the moduli spaces. As its byproducts, we show the non-abelian Torelli theorem and compute the automorphism …
Let $(V,q)$ be a vector bundle on a smooth projective curve $X$ together with a quadratic form $q: \mathrm{Sym}^2(V) \ra \mathcal{O}_X$ (respectively symplectic form $q: Λ^2V \ra \mathcal{O}_X$). Fixing the degeneracy locus of the quadratic form induced on $V/\ker(q)$, we construct a coarse moduli of such objects. Further, we prove semi-stable reduction theorem for equivalence classes of such objects. In particular, the case when degeneracies of $q$ are higher than one is that of principal interest. We also provide a proof of properness of polystable orthogonal bundles without appealing to Bru…
We examine the structure of the cotangent bundle $T^{*}X$ of an algebraic variety $X$ acted on by a reductive group $G$ from the viewpoint of equivariant symplectic geometry. In particular, we construct an equivariant symplectic covering of $T^{*}X$ by the cotangent bundle of a certain variety of horospheres in $X$, and integrate the invariant collective motion on $T^{*}X$. These results are based on a "local structure theorem" describing the action of a certain parabolic in $G$ on an open subset of $X$, which is interesting by itself.
Let C be a smooth projective curve of genus at least 2 over a field k. Given a line bundle L on C, we consider the moduli stack of rank 2n vector bundles E on C endowed with a nowhere degenerate symplectic form $b: E \otimes E \to L$ up to scalars. We prove that this stack is birational to BG_m times an affine space A^s if n and the degree of L are both odd and C admits a k-rational point as well as a line bundle of degree 0 whose square is nontrivial. It follows that the corresponding coarse moduli scheme is rational in this case.
$\mathbb{A}^1$-connectedness of moduli of semistable bundles and symplectic bundles on a curve
Harish-Chandra Research Institute（Harish-Chandra 研究所）；Homi Bhabha National Institute（霍米·巴哈国家研究所）；School of Mathematical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research（国家科学教育与研究学院数学科学学院）
Mathematical instanton bundles on $ P_3$ have their analogues in rank--$2n$ instanton bundles on odd dimensional projective spaces $ P_{2n+1}$. The families of special instanton bundles on these spaces generalize the special 'tHooft bundles on $ P_3$. We prove that for a special symplectic instanton bundle $ E$ on $ P_{2n+1}$ with $c_2=k$ $h^1End( E) = 4(3n-1) k + (2n-5)(2n-1)$. Therefore the dimension of the moduli space of instanton bundles grows linearly in $k$. The main difference with the well known case of $ P_3$ is that $h^2End( E)$ is nonzero, in fact we prove that it grows quadratical…
