xi+155 pages. This manuscript represents the author's PhD dissertation thesis at The Ohio State University, August 2008. This submission also contains computer scripts used to do calculations
Symmetric homology is an analog of cyclic homology in which the cyclic groups are replaced by symmetric groups. The foundations for the theory of symmetric homology of algebras are developed in the context of crossed simplicial groups using derived functors and the symmetric bar construction of Fiedorowicz. The symmetric homology of group rings is related to stable homotopy theory. Two chain complexes are constructed that compute symmetric homology, as well as two spectral sequences. In the setup of the second spectral sequence, a complex isomorphic to the suspension of the cycle-free chessboard complex of Vrecica and Zivaljevic appears. Homology operations are defined on the symmetric homology groups over Z/p, p a prime. Finally, an explicit partial resolution is presented, permitting the computation of the zeroth and first symmetric homology groups of finite-dimensional algebras.
The symmetric homology of a unital associative algebra $A$ over a commutative ground ring $k$, denoted $HS_*(A)$, is defined using derived functors and the symmetric bar construction of Fiedorowicz. In this paper we show that $HS_*(A)$ admits homology operations and a Pontryagin product structure making $HS_*(A)$ an associative commutative graded algebra. This is done by finding an explicit $E_{\infty}$ structure on the standard chain groups that compute symmetric homology.
We construct a comparison map between the gamma homology theory of Robinson and Whitehouse and the symmetric homology theory of Fiedorowicz and Ault in the case of an augmented, commutative algebra over a unital commutative ground ring.
In this note, we outline the general development of a theory of symmetric homology of algebras, an analog of cyclic homology where the cyclic groups are replaced by symmetric groups. This theory is developed using the framework of crossed simplicial groups and the homological algebra of module-valued functors. The symmetric homology of group algebras is related to stable homotopy theory. Two spectral sequences for computing symmetric homology are constructed. The relation to cyclic homology is discussed and some conjectures and questions towards further work are discussed.
Symmetric spectra were introduced by Jeff Smith as a symmetric monoidal category of spectra. In this paper, a detection functor is defined which detects stable equivalences of symmetric spectra. This detection functor is useful because the classic stable homotopy groups do not detect stable equivalences in symmetric spectra. One of the advantages of a symmetric monoidal category of spectra is that one can define topological Hochschild homology on ring spectra simply by mimicking the Hochschild complex from algebra. Using the detection functor mentioned above, this definition of topological Hoc…
The symmetric homology of a unital algebra $A$ over a commutative ground ring $k$ is defined using derived functors and the symmetric bar construction of Fiedorowicz. For a group ring $A = k[Γ]$, the symmetric homology is related to stable homotopy theory via $HS_*(k[Γ]) \cong H_*(ΩΩ^{\infty} S^{\infty}(BΓ); k)$. Two chain complexes that compute $HS_*(A)$ are constructed, both making use of a symmetric monoidal category $ΔS_+$ containing $ΔS$. Two spectral sequences are found that aid in computing symmetric homology. The second spectral sequence is defined in terms of a family of complexes, $S…
We present a study of the homological algebra of bimodules over $A_\infty$-algebras endowed with an involution. Furthermore we introduce a derived description of Hochschild homology and cohomology for involutive $A_\infty$-algebras.
The aim of this paper is to calculate the homology of a Leavitt path algebra via Anick's resolution. We show that all homology (in positive degrees) of a Leavitt path algebra is equal to zero.
Hyperoctahedral homology is the homology theory associated to the hyperoctahedral crossed simplicial group. It is defined for involutive algebras over a commutative ring using functor homology and the hyperoctahedral bar construction of Fiedorowicz. The main result of the paper proves that hyperoctahedral homology is related to equivariant stable homotopy theory: for a discrete group of odd order, the hyperoctahedral homology of the group algebra is isomorphic to the homology of the fixed points under the involution of an equivariant infinite loop space built from the classifying space of the …
We show that the associated Lie algebra of the Malcev $\mathbb{Q}$-completion of the lamplighter group is the pronilpotent completion of the lamplighter Lie algebra. We also prove that the homology of this completed Lie algebra is of uncountable dimension on each degree.
In this paper, we compute the homology coalgebra and cohomology algebra over a field of all generalized moment-angle complexes and give a duality theorem on complementary moment-angle complexes.
Let $X$ be a higher rank symmetric space or a Bruhat-Tits building of dimension at least $2$ such that the isometry group of $X$ has property $(T)$. We prove that for every torsion free lattice $Γ\subset {\rm Isom} X$ any homology class in $H_1(Γ\backslash X,\mathbb F_2)$ has a representative cycle of total length $o_X({\rm Vol}(Γ\backslash X))$. As an application we show that $\dim_{\mathbb F_2} H_1(Γ\backslash X,\mathbb F_2)=o_X({\rm Vol}(Γ\backslash X)).$
We determine the Batalin-Vilkovisky Lie algebra structure for the integral loop homology of special unitary groups and complex Stiefel manifolds. It is shown to coincide with the Poisson algebra structure associated to a certain odd symplectic form on a super vector space for which loop homology is the super algebra of functions. Over rationals, the loop homology of the above spaces splits into a tensor product of simple BV algebras, and it is shown to contain a super Lie algebra.
Looking at the cartesian product X \times X of a topological space X with itself, a natural map to be considered on that object is the involution that interchanges the coordinates, i.e. that maps (x, y) to (y, x). The so-called 'symmetric squaring construction' in Čech homology with Z/2-coefficients was introduced by Schick et al. 2007 as a map from the k-th Čech homology group of a space X to the 2k-th Čech homology group of X \times X divided by the above mentioned involution. It turns out to be a crucial construction in the proof of a parametrised Borsuk-Ulam Theorem. The symmetric squaring…
The derivatives of the identity functor on spaces in Goodwillie calculus forms an operad in spectra. Antolin-Camarena computed the mod 2 homology of free algebras over this operad for 1-connected spectra. In this present paper we carry out similar computations for mod p homology for odd primes p.
In the world of chain complexes E_n-algebras are the analogues of based n-fold loop spaces in the category of topological spaces. Fresse showed that operadic E_n-homology of an E_n-algebra computes the homology of an n-fold algebraic delooping. The aim of this paper is to construct two spectral sequences for calculating these homology groups and to treat some concrete classes of examples such as Hochschild cochains, graded polynomial algebras and chains on iterated loop spaces. In characteristic zero we gain an identification of the summands in Pirashvili's Hodge decomposition of higher order …
The Goodwillie derivatives of the identity functor on pointed spaces form an operad in spectra. Adapting a definition of Behrens, we introduce mod 2 homology operations for algebras over this operad and prove these operations account for all the mod 2 homology of free algebras on suspension spectra of simply-connected spaces.
The $A(\inft)$-algebra structure in homology of a DG-algebra is constructed. This structure is unique up to isomorphism of $A(\infty)$ algebras. Connection of this structure with Massey products is indicated. The notion of $A(\infty)$-module over an $A(\infty)$-algebra is introduced and such a structure is constructed in homology of a DG-modules over a DG-algebra. The theory of twisted tensor products is generalized from the case of DG-algebras to the case of $A(\infty)$-algebras. These algebraic results are used to describe homology of classifying spaces, cohomology of loop spaces, and homolo…
The purpose of this paper is to study generalizations of Gamma-homology in the context of operads. Good homology theories are associated to operads under appropriate cofibrancy hypotheses, but this requirement is not satisfied by usual operads outside the characteristic zero context. In that case, the idea is to pick a cofibrant replacement Q of the given operad P. We can apply to P-algebras the homology theory associated to Q in order to define a suitable homology theory on the category of P-algebras. We make explicit a small complex to compute this homology when the operad P is binary and Ko…
In this paper, we develop a diamond graph theory and apply the theory to the (co)homology of the Lie algebra generated by positive systems of the classical semi-simple Lie algebras over the field of complex numbers. As an application, we give the weight decomposition of the diamond Lie algebra with Dynkin graph $A_{n+1}$ and compute the rank of every weight subgraph of it.
We study the homology structure of spaces having an action of the \emph{framed disks} operad. In particular, we compute the relations between Kudo-Araki operations and generalized Batalin-Vilkovisky operators. As an application, we complete the computations of the modulo 2 homology of $Ω^2 S^3$ as a Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra, and give some evidence for a classical conjecture about the modulo 2 Hurewicz homomorphism of the infinite loop space of the sphere spectrum.
Chas and Sullivan introduced string homology, which is the equivariant homology of the loop space with the $S^1$ action on loops by rotation. Craig Westerland computed the string homology for spheres with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z} /2\mathbb{Z}$, and in Somnath Basu's dissertation, he computes the string homology and string bracket for spheres over rational coefficients, and he finds that the bracket is trivial. In this paper, we compute string homology and the string bracket for spheres with integer coefficients, treating the odd- and even-dimensional cases separately. We use the Gysin seque…
Symmetric homology is a natural generalization of cyclic homology, in which symmetric groups play the role of cyclic groups. In the case of associative algebras, the symmetric homology theory was introduced by Z. Fiedorowicz \cite{F} and was further developed in the work of S. Ault \cite{Au1, Au2}. In this paper, we show that, for algebras defined over a field of characteristic $0$, the symmetric homology theory is naturally equivalent to the (one-dimensional) representation homology theory introduced by the authors (jointly with G. Khachatryan) in \cite{BKR}. Using known results on representa…
In this paper we calculate the integral Pontrjagin homology ring of the based loop space on some generalised symmetric spaces with a toral stationary subgroup. In the Appendix we show that the method can be applied to other type generalised symmetric spaces as well.
We prove that Leibniz homology of Lie algebras can be described as functor homology in the category of linear functors from a category associated to the Lie operad.
The cyclic bar construction in symmetric spectra and Bökstedt's original construction are two possible ways to define the topological Hochschild homology of a symmetric ring spectrum. In this short note we explain how to correct an error in Shipley's original comparison of these two approaches.
Chessboard complexes and their relatives have been one of important recurring themes of topological combinatorics. Closely related ``cycle-free chessboard complexes'' have been recently introduced by Ault and Fiedorowicz as a tool for computing symmetric analogues of the cyclic homology of algebras. We study connectivity properties of these complexes and prove a result that confirms a strengthened conjecture of Ault and Fiedorowicz.
For commutative algebras there are three important homology theories, Harrison homology, Andre-Quillen homology and Gamma-homology. In general these differ, unless one works with respect to a ground field of characteristic zero. We show that the analogues of these homology theories agree in the category of pointed commutative monoids in symmetric sequences and that Hochschild homology always possesses a Hodge decomposition in this setting. In addition we prove that the category of pointed differential graded commutative monoids in symmetric sequences has a model structure and that it is Quille…
We provide a construction of free factorization algebras in algebraic geometry and link factorization homology of a scheme with coefficients in a free factorization algebra to the homology of its (unordered) configuration spaces. As an application, this construction allows for a purely algebro-geometric proof of homological stability of configuration spaces.
In the present paper the cyclic homology functor from the category of $A_\infty$-algebras over any commutative unital ring $K$ to the category of graded $K$-modules is constructed. Further, it is showed that this functor sends homotopy equivalences of $A_\infty$-algebras into isomorphisms of graded modules. As a corollary, it is obtained that the cyclic homology of an $A_\infty$-algebra over any field is isomorphic to the cyclic homology of the $A_\infty$-algebra of homologies for the source $A_\infty$-algebra.
From the viewpoint of semi-abelian homology, some recent results on homology of Leibniz n-algebras can be explained categorically. In parallel with these results, we develop an analogous theory for Lie n-algebras. We also consider the relative case: homology of Leibniz n-algebras relative to the subvariety of Lie n-algebras.
In this paper, we study the gravity algebra structure on the negative cyclic homology or the cyclic cohomology of several classes of algebras. These algebras include: Calabi-Yau algebras, symmetric Frobenius algebras, unimodular Poisson algebras, and unimodular Frobenius Poisson algebras. The relationships among these gravity algebras are also discussed under some additional conditions.
For any smooth compact manifold $W$ of dimension at least two we prove that the classifying spaces of its group of diffeomorphisms which fix a set of $k$ points or $k$ embedded disks (up to permutation) satisfy homology stability. The same is true for so-called symmetric diffeomorphisms of $W$ connected sum with $k$ copies of an arbitrary compact smooth manifold $Q$ of the same dimension. The analogues for mapping class groups as well as other generalisations will also be proved.
We define homology of ternary algebras satisfying axioms derived from particle scattering or, equivalently, from the third Reidemeister move. We show that ternary quasigroups satisfying these axioms appear naturally in invariants of Reidemeister, Yoshikawa, and Roseman moves. Our homology has a degenerate subcomplex. The normalized homology yields invariants of knots and knotted surfaces.
We show the topological Hochschild homology spectrum of a twisted group algebra $\THH(A^τ[G])$ is the Thom spectrum associated to a parametrized orthogonal spectrum $E(A,G)$. We then analyze the structure of the parametrized orthogonal spectrum $E(A,G)$ and show that it is locally trivial.
While homology theory of associative structures, such as groups and rings, has been extensively studied in the past beginning with the work of Hopf, Eilenberg, and Hochschild, homology of non-associative distributive structures, such as quandles, were neglected until recently. Distributive structures have been studied for a long time. In 1880, C.S. Peirce emphasized the importance of (right) self-distributivity in algebraic structures. However, homology for these universal algebras was introduced only sixteen years ago by Fenn, Rourke, and Sanderson. We develop this theory in the historical co…
We introduce a notion of Koszul A-infinity algebra that generalizes Priddy's notion of a Koszul algebra and we use it to construct small A-infinity algebra models for Hochschild cochains. As an application, this yields new techniques for computing free loop space homology algebras of manifolds that are either formal or coformal (over a field or over the integers). We illustrate these techniques in two examples.
Topological André-Quillen homology for commutative $S$-algebras was introduced by Basterra following work of Kriz, and has been intensively studied by several authors. In this paper we discuss it as a homology theory on CW $S$-algebras and apply it to obtain results on minimal atomic $p$-local $S$-algebras which generalise those of Baker and May for $p$-local spectra and simply connected spaces. We exhibit some new examples of minimal atomic $S$-algebras.
We study differential graded algebras whose homology is an exterior algebra over a commutative ring R on a generator of degree n, and also certain types of differential modules over these DGAs. We obtain a complete classification when R is the integers, or the prime field of characteristic p>0, and n is greater than or equal to -1. The examples are unexpectedly interesting.
These notes are an expanded version of two series of lectures given at the winter school in mathematical physics at les Houches and at the Vietnamese Institute for Mathematical Sciences. They are an introduction to factorization algebras, factorization homology and some of their applications, notably for studying $E_n$-algebras. We give an account of homology theory for manifolds (and spaces), which give invariant of manifolds but also invariant of $E_n$-algebras. We particularly emphasize the point of view of factorization algebras (a structure originating from quantum field theory) which pla…
These notes are an introduction to basic properties of Andre-Quillen homology for commutative algebras. They are an expanded version of my lectures at the summer school: Interactions between homotopy theory and algebra, University of Chicago, 26th July - 6th August, 2004. The aim is to give fairly complete proofs of characterizations of smooth homomorphisms and of locally complete intersection homomorphisms in terms of vanishing of Andre-Quillen homology. The choice of the material, and the point of view, are guided by these goals.
The set of hypertrees on $n$ vertices can be endowed with a poset structure. J. McCammond and J. Meier computed the dimension of the unique non zero homology group of the hypertree poset. We give another proof of their result and use the theory of species to determine the action of the symmetric group on this homology group, which is linked with the anti-cyclic structure of the $\operatorname{Prelie}$ operad. We also compute the action on the Whitney homology of the poset. ----- L'ensemble des hyperarbres à $n$ sommets peut être muni d'un ordre partiel. J. McCammond et J. Meier ont calculé la …
Hochschild (co)homology and Pirashvili's higher order Hochschild (co)homology are useful tools for a variety of applications including deformations of algebras. When working with higher order Hochschild (co)homology, we can consider the (co)homology of any commutative algebra with symmetric coefficient bimodules, however traditional Hochschild (co)homology is able to be computed for any associative algebra with not necessarily symmetric coefficient bimodules. In a previous paper, the author generalized higher order Hochschild cohomology for multimodule coefficients (which need not be symmetric…
The codomain category of a generalized homology theory is the category of modules over a ring. For an abelian category A, an A-valued (generalized) homology theory is defined by formally replacing the category of modules with the category A. It is known that the category of bicommutative (i.e. commutative and cocommutative) Hopf algebras over a field k is an abelian category. Denote the category by H. In this paper, we give some ways to construct H-valued homology theories. As a main result, we give H-valued homology theories whose coefficients are neither group Hopf algebras nor function Hopf…
A quandle is an algebraic structure which attempts to generalize group conjugation. These structures have been studied extensively due to their connections with knot theory, algebraic combinatorics, and other fields. In this work, we approach the study of quandles from the perspective of the representation theory of categories. Namely, we look at collections of conjugacy classes of the symmetric groups and the finite general linear groups, and prove that they carry the structure of FI-quandles (resp. VIC$(q)$-quandles). As applications, we prove statements about the homology of these quandles,…
We identify the equivariant structure of the filtered pieces of the motivic filtration defined by Bhatt, Morrow and Scholze on the topological Hochschild cohomology spectrum of polynomial algebras over $\mathbb{F}_p$.
Bordered Floer homology associates to a parametrized oriented surface a certain differential graded algebra. We study the properties of this algebra under splittings of the surface. To the circle we associate a differential graded 2-algebra, the nilCoxeter sequential 2-algebra, and to a surface with connected boundary an algebra-module over this 2-algebra, such that a natural gluing property is satisfied. Moreover, with a view toward the structure of a potential Floer homology theory of 3-manifolds with codimension-two corners, we present a decomposition theorem for the Floer complex of a plan…
We prove that two quasi-isomorphic simply connected differential graded associative Frobenius algebras have isomorphic Goresky-Hingston algebras on their reduced Hochschild homology. Our proof is based on relating the Goresky-Hingston algebra on reduced Hochschild homology to the singular Hochschild cohomology algebra. For any simply connected oriented closed manifold $M$ of dimension $k$, the Goresky-Hingston algebra on reduced Hochschild homology induces an algebra structure of degree $k-1$ on $\bar{H}^*(LM;\mathbb{Q})$, the reduced rational cohomology of the free loop space of $M$. As a con…
