Vehicle-to-vehicle communications can be used effectively for intelligent transport systems (ITS) and location-aware services. The ability to disseminate information in an ad-hoc fashion allows pertinent information to propagate faster through the network. In the realm of ITS, the ability to spread warning information faster and further is of great advantage to the receivers of this information. In this paper we propose and present a message-dissemination procedure that uses vehicular wireless protocols for influencing traffic flow, reducing congestion in road networks. The computational experiments presented in this paper show how an intelligent driver model (IDM) and car-following model can be adapted to 'react' to the reception of information. This model also presents the advantages of coupling together traffic modelling tools and network simulation tools.
Information security is an important issue in vehicular networks as the accuracy and integrity of information is a prerequisite to satisfactory performance of almost all vehicular network applications. In this paper, we study the information security of a vehicular ad hoc network whose message may be tampered by malicious vehicles. An analytical framework is developed to analyze the process of message dissemination in a vehicular network with malicious vehicles randomly distributed in the network. The probability that a destination vehicle at a fixed distance away can receive the message corre…
Vehicular Networks enable a vast number of innovative applications, which rely on the efficient exchange of information between vehicles. However, efficient and reliable data dissemination is a particularly challenging task in the context of vehicular networks due to the underlying properties of these networks, limited availability of network infrastructure and variable penetration rates for distinct communication technologies. This paper presents a novel system and mechanism for information dissemination based on virtual infrastructure selection in combination with multiple communication tech…
Advances in connected vehicles based on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) in recent years have gained significant attention in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in terms of disseminating messages in an efficient manner. VANET uses Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) for disseminating messages between vehicles and between infrastructures. Though DSRC based communications are viable, it is still challenging to disseminate messages in a timely manner when vehicles are not in the transmission range of each other. Furthermore, DSRC communication channels are heavily congested when the veh…
The dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) induced by frequent topology changes and node mobility, imposes critical challenges for vehicular communications. Aggravated by the high volume of information dissemination among vehicles over limited bandwidth, the topological dynamics of VANET causes congestion in the communication channel, which is the primary cause of problems such as message drop, delay, and degraded quality of service. To mitigate these problems, congestion detection, and control techniques are needed to be incorporated in a vehicular network. Congestion control appr…
One of the main criteria in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that has attracted the researchers' consideration is congestion control. Accordingly, many algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the congestion problem, although it is hard to find an appropriate algorithm for applications and safety messages among them. Safety messages encompass beacons and event-driven messages. Delay and reliability are essential requirements for event-driven messages. In crowded networks where beacon messages are broadcasted at a high number of frequencies by many vehicles, the Control Channel (CCH), which…
In the last few years, the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) has come to be an important area of research. Significant research has been conducted to improve the performance of VANETS. One output of further research conducted on VANET is the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN). It is an application of the mobile DTN where nodes relay messages in the network using a store-carry-forward approach. Due to its high mobility, it suffers frequent disconnections and also congestions at nodes which leads to message drops. To minimize the rate of message drops and so optimize the probability of messa…
Vehicular congestion is directly impacting the efficiency of the transport sector. A wireless sensor network for vehicular clients is used in Internet of Vehicles based solutions for traffic management applications. It was found that vehicular congestion detection by using Internet of Vehicles based connected vehicles technology are practically feasible for congestion handling. It was found that by using Fog Computing based principles in the vehicular wireless sensor network, communication in the system can be improved to support larger number of nodes without impacting performance. In this pa…
The IEEE 802.11p is the technology dedicated to vehicular communications to support road safety, efficiency, and comfort applications. A large number of research activities have been carried out to study the characteristics of the IEEE 802.11p. The key weakness of the IEEE 802.11p is the channel congestion issue, where the wireless channel gets saturated when the road density increases. The European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI) is in the progress of studying the channel congestion problem and proposed so-called Reactive Distributed Congestion Control (DCC) algorithm as a…
Gigabit-per-second connectivity among vehicles is expected to be a key enabling technology for sensor information sharing, in turn, resulting in safer Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). Recently proposed millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems appear to be the only solution capable of meeting the data rate demand imposed by future ITS services. In this poster, we assess the performance of a mmWave device-to-device (D2D) vehicular network by investigating the impact of system and communication parameters on end-users.
We present an evolutionary game theoretic approach to study node cooperation behavior in wireless ad hoc networks. Evolutionary game theory (EGT) has been used to study the conditions governing the growth of cooperation behavior in biological and social networks. We propose a model of node cooperation behavior in dynamic wireless networks such as vehicular networks. Our work is motivated by the fact that, similar to existing EGT studies, node behavior in dynamic wireless networks is characterized by decision making that only depends on the immediate neighborhood. We adapt our model to study co…
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing road safety. Routing of messages in VANET is challenging due to packet delays arising from high mobility of vehicles, frequently changing topology, and high density of vehicles, leading to frequent route breakages and packet losses. Previous researchers have used either mobility in vehicular fog computing or cloud computing to solve the routing issue, but they suffer from large packet delays and frequent packet losses. We propose Dynamic Fog for Connected Vehicles (DFCV), a fog computing based scheme which dynam…
We present a simple yet effective routing strategy inspired by coverage control, which delays the onset of congestion on traffic networks, by introducing a control parameter. The routing algorithm allows a trade-off between the congestion level and the distance to the destination. Numerical verification of the strategy is provided on a number of representative examples in SUMO, a well known micro agent simulator used for the analysis of traffic networks. We find that it is crucial in many cases to tune the given control parameters to some optimal value in order to reduce congestion in the most…
Cooperative inter-vehicular applications rely on the exchange of broadcast single-hop status messages among vehicles, called beacons. The aggregated load on the wireless channel due to periodic beacons can prevent the transmission of other types of messages, what is called channel congestion due to beaconing activity. In this paper we approach the problem of controlling the beaconing rate on each vehicle by modeling it as a Network Utility Maximization (NUM) problem. This allows us to formally apply the notion of fairness of a beaconing rate allocation in vehicular networks and to control the …
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) is one of the most challenging research area in the field of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. In this research we proposed a dynamic power adjustment protocol that will be used for sending the periodical safety message. (Beacon)based on the analysis of the channel status depending on the channel congestion and the power used for transmission. The Beacon Power Control (BPC) protocol first sensed and examined the percentage of the channel congestion, the result obtained was used to adjust the transmission power for the safety message to reach the optimal power. This will…
Cooperative vehicle safety (CVS) systems operate based on broadcast of vehicle position and safety information to neighboring cars. The communication medium of CVS is a vehicular ad-hoc network. One of the main challenges in large scale deployment of CVS systems is the issue of scalability. To address the scalability problem, several congestion control methods have been proposed and are currently under field study. These algorithms adapt transmission rate and power based on network measures such as channel busy ratio. We examine two such algorithms and study their dynamic behavior in time and …
How to enhance the communication efficiency and quality on vehicular networks is one critical important issue. While with the larger and larger scale of vehicular networks in dense cities, the real-world datasets show that the vehicular networks essentially belong to the complex network model. Meanwhile, the extensive research on complex networks has shown that the complex network theory can both provide an accurate network illustration model and further make great contributions to the network design, optimization and management. In this paper, we start with analyzing characteristics of a taxi…
This paper studies the fundamental communication properties of urban vehicle networks by exploiting the self-similarity and hierarchical organization of modern cities. We use an innovative model called "hyperfractal" that captures the self-similarities of both the traffic and vehicle locations but avoids the extremes of regularity and randomness. We use analytical tools to derive theoretical upper and lower bounds for the information propagation speed in an urban delay tolerant network (i.e., a network that is disconnected at all time, and thus uses a store-carry-and-forward routing model). We…
We propose the design and development of an energy-efficient Risk Notification Message Dissemination Protocol (RNMDP) for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). RNMDP propagates Risk Notification Messages (RNMs) from their location of origin (called the Risk Zone) to vehicles approaching the Risk Zone. RNMDP assumes each node is aware of its current location in the network. The protocol works as follows: A RNM is broadcast in the neighborhood of the Risk Zone. A node receiving the RNM from another node waits for a Rebroadcast-Wait-Time before deciding to rebroadcast the message. The Rebroadcast-W…
Information dissemination applications (video, news, social media, etc.) with large number of receivers need to be efficient but also have limited loss tolerance. The new Information-Centric Networks (ICN) paradigm offers an alternative approach for reliably delivering data by naming content and exploiting data available at any intermediate point (e.g., caches). However, receivers are often heterogeneous, with widely varying receive rates. When using existing ICN congestion control mechanisms with in-sequence delivery, a particularly thorny problem of receivers going out-of-sync results in ine…
York University（约克大学）；Thompson Rivers University（汤普森河大学）
This paper investigates the problem of minimizing the age-of-information (AoI) and transmit power consumption in a vehicular network, where a roadside unit (RSU) provides timely updates about a set of physical processes to vehicles. Each vehicle is interested in maintaining the freshness of its information status about one or more physical processes. A framework is proposed to optimize the decisions to unicast, multicast, broadcast, or not transmit updates to vehicles as well as power allocations to minimize the AoI and the RSU's power consumption over a time horizon. The formulated problem is…
In this paper, we address the problem of distributing a large amount of bulk data to a sparse vehicular network from roadside infostations, using efficient vehicle-to-vehicle collaboration. Due to the highly dynamic nature of the underlying vehicular network topology, we depart from architectures requiring centralized coordination, reliable MAC scheduling, or global network state knowledge, and instead adopt a distributed paradigm with simple protocols. In other words, we investigate the problem of reliable dissemination from multiple sources when each node in the network shares a limited amou…
The next generations of vehicles are expected to be equipped with sophisticated sensors to support advanced automotive services. The large volume of data generated by such applications will likely put a strain on the vehicular communication technologies, which may be unable to guarantee the required quality of service. In this scenario, it is fundamental to assess the value of information (VoI) provided by each data source, to prioritize the transmissions that have greatest importance for the target applications. In this paper, we characterize VoI in future vehicular networks, and investigate …
Critical urban events take places at a random way and they need to be dealt with by public authorities quickly to maintain the proper operation of cities. The main challenges for an efficient handling of an event fall precisely in its random nature, and in the speed and accuracy of the notification of its manifestation to the authority. The pervasiveness of vehicles in urban environments, and their communication and monitoring capabilities, allow to employ VANETs to support the dissemination and handling of such events. Thus, this work proposes MINUET, a dynamic system to support the monitorin…
This paper studies how the interference of vehicular communications affects the safety of vehicles in a vehicular ad hoc network. Different signal propagation models with and without carrier sensing are considered for the dissemination of periodic safety messages. Then, by employing the results for different packet success probability of the vehicles, we compare the expected collision probability of vehicles for different signal fading models. Our results show how the collision probabilities of vehicles in the network vary with respect to different models and designs.
A comprehensive vehicular network analysis requires modeling the street system and vehicle locations. Even when Poisson point processes (PPPs) are used to model the vehicle locations on each street, the analysis is barely tractable. That holds for even a simple average-based performance metric -- the success probability, which is a special case of the fine-grained metric, the meta distribution (MD) of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). To address this issue, we propose the transdimensional approach as an alternative. Here, the union of 1D PPPs on the streets is simplified to the transdime…
One of the applications of vehicular ad-hoc networks is warning message dissemination among vehicles in dangerous situations to prevent more damage. The only communication mechanism for message dissemination is multi-hop broadcast; in which, forwarding a received message have to be regulated using a scheme regarding the selection of forwarding nodes. When analyzing these schemes, simulation-based frameworks fail to provide guaranteed analysis results due to the high level of concurrency in this application. Therefore, there is a need to use model checking approaches for achieving reliable resu…
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is a derived subclass of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) with vehicles as mobile nodes. VANET facilitate vehicles to share safety and non-safety information through messages. Safety information includes road accidents, natural hazards, roadblocks, etc. Non-safety information includes tolling information, traveler information, etc. The main goal behind sharing this information is to enhance road safety and reduce road accidents by alerting the driver about the unexpected hazards. However, routing of messages in VANET is challenging due to packet delays arising f…
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) aim to improve transportation activities that include traffic safety, transport efficiency and even infotainment on the wheels, in which a great number of traffic event-driven messages are needed to disseminate in a region of interest timely. However, due to the nature of VANETs, highly dynamic mobility and frequent disconnection, data dissemination faces great challenges. Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols are the key technology to mitigate this issue. Therefore, we propose an infrastructure-less Traffic Adaptive data Dissemination (TrAD) protocol t…
Vehicular Networks are one of the enabling technologies for cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems. For accurate and precise time synchronization in vehicular networks, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is getting increasing attention for effective use of its time dissemination to vehicular networks. In urban road scenarios, the blockage of satellite signals affects precise positing due to erroneous geometry. However, for timing, it creates less deflection as long as a single satellite is visible. With the recent development of Multi-GNSS receivers, signal reception no longer r…
Broadcast routing has become an important research field for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) recently. However, the packet delivery rate is generally low in existing VANET broadcast routing protocols. Therefore, the design of an appropriate broadcast protocol based on the features of VANET has become a crucial part of the development of VANET. This paper analyzes the disadvantage of existing broadcast routing protocols in VANETs, and proposes an improved algorithm (namely ODAM-C) based on the ODAM (Optimized Dissemination of Alarm Messages) protocol. The ODAM-C algorithm improves the packet…
Autonomous driving technology has been regarded as a promising solution to reduce road accidents and traffic congestion, as well as to optimize the usage of fuel and lane. Reliable and high efficient Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications are essential to let commercial autonomous driving vehicles be on the road before 2020. The current paper firstly presents the concept of Heterogeneous Vehicular NETworks (HetVNETs) for autonomous driving, in which an improved protocol stack is proposed to satisfy the communication requirements of not only safety but also …
Cellular Vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication has been proposed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project release 14 standard to address the latency and reliability requirements of cooperative safety applications. Such applications can involve highly congested vehicular scenarios where the network experiences high data loads. Thus, a sophisticated congestion control solution is vital in order to maintain the network performance required for safety-related applications. With the aid of our high-fidelity link-level network simulator, we investigate the feasibility of implementing the dist…
Enabling high-definition (HD)-map-assisted cooperative driving among autonomous vehicles (AVs) to improve the navigation safety faces technical challenges due to increased communication traffic volume for data dissemination and increased number of computing/storing tasks on AVs. In this article, a new architecture that combines multi-access edge computing (MEC) and software-defined networking (SDN) is proposed for flexible resource management and enhanced resource utilization. With MEC, the interworking of multiple wireless access technologies can be realized to exploit the diversity gain over…
Trickle is a polite gossip algorithm for managing communication traffic. It is of particular interest in low-power wireless networks for reducing the amount of control traffic, as in routing protocols (RPL), or reducing network congestion, as in multicast protocols (MPL). Trickle is used at the network or application level, and relies on up-to-date information on the activity of neighbors. This makes it vulnerable to interference from the media access control layer, which we explore in this paper. We present several scenarios how the MAC layer in low-power radios violates Trickle timing. As a …
Capacity of vehicular networks with infrastructure support is both an interesting and challenging problem as the capacity is determined by the inter-play of multiple factors including vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, density and mobility of vehicles, and cooperation among vehicles and infrastructure. In this paper, we consider a typical delay-tolerant application scenario with a subset of vehicles, termed Vehicles of Interest (VoIs), having download requests. Each VoI downloads a distinct large-size file from the Internet and other vehicl…
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) enable efficient communication between vehicles with the aim of improving road safety. However, the growing number of vehicles in dense regions and obstacle shadowing regions like Manhattan and other downtown areas leads to frequent disconnection problems resulting in disrupted radio wave propagation between vehicles. To address this issue and to transmit critical messages between vehicles and drones deployed from service vehicles to overcome road incidents and obstacles, we proposed a hybrid technique based on fog computing called Hybrid-Vehfog to disseminate…
Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) scheme that is demonstrated to provide secure, line-of-sight (LoS), and short-distance vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I) communications. Recently, automated driving applications, supported by V2I links are proposed to increase the reliability of the autonomous vehicles. To this regard, we propose a VLCbased V2I scheme to increase the V2I communication redundancy of autonomous valet parking (AVP) applications, through jam-free and location-based characteristics of VLC. In this paper,…
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) generated a plethora of data prior to support various vehicle applications. Thus, a big storage and high computation platform is necessary, and this is possible with the presence of Cloud Computing (CC). However, the computation for vehicular networks at the cloud computing suffers from several drawbacks, such as latency and cost, due to the proximity issue. As a solution, the computing capability has been recently proposed at the edge of vehicular networks, which is known as Vehicle Edge Computing (VEC). This leads to other open problems for vehicles to offload and c…
In this work, we face the issue of achieving an efficient dynamic mapping in vehicular networking scenarios, i.e., to obtain an accurate estimate of the positions and trajectories of connected vehicles in a certain area. State of the art solutions are based on the periodic broadcasting of the position information of the network nodes, with an inter-transmission period set by a congestion control scheme. However, the movements and maneuvers of vehicles can often be erratic, making transmitted data inaccurate or downright misleading. To address this problem, we propose to adopt a dynamic transmi…
The rapid increase of vehicular traffic and congestion on the highways began hampering the safe and efficient movement of traffic. Consequently, year by year, we see the ascending rate of car accidents and casualties in most of the countries. Therefore, exploiting the new technologies, e.g. wireless sensor networks, is required as a solution of reduction of these saddening and reprehensible statistics. This has motivated us to propose a novel and comprehensive system to utilize Wireless Sensor Networks for vehicular networks. We coin the vehicular network employing wireless Sensor networks as …
This paper investigates the use of WiFi and mobile device-to-device networks, with vehicular ad hoc networks being a typical example, as a complementary means to offload and reduce the traffic load of cellular networks. A novel cooperative content dissemination strategy is proposed for a heterogeneous network consisting of different types of devices with different levels of mobility, ranging from static WiFi access points to mobile devices such as vehicles. The proposed strategy offloads a significant proportion of data traffic from cellular networks to WiFi or device-to-device networks. Detai…
Mobile Advertisement is a location-aware dissemination solution built on top of a vehicular ad-hoc network. We envision a network of WiFi access points that dynamically disseminate data to clients running on the car's smart device. The approach can be considered an alternative to the static advertisement billboards and can be useful to business companies wanting to dynamically advertise their products and offers to people driving their car. The clients can subscribe to information based on specific topics. We present design solutions that use access points as emitters for transmitting messages…
Routing of messages in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is challenging due to obstacle shadowing regions with high vehicle densities, which leads to frequent disconnection problems and blocks radio wave propagation between vehicles. Previous researchers used multi-hop, vehicular cloud or roadside infrastructures to solve the routing issue among the vehicles, but they suffer from significant packet delays and frequent packet losses arising from obstacle shadowing. We proposed a vehicular cloud based hybrid technique called Hybrid-Vehcloud to disseminate messages in obstacle shadowing regions,…
Vehicular traffic is a foremost problem in modern cities. Huge amount of time and resources are wasted while traveling due to traffic congestion. With the introduction of sophisticated traffic management systems, such as those incorporating dynamic traffic assignments, more stringent demands are being placed upon the available real time traffic data. In this paper we have proposed mobile agent as a mechanism to handle the traffic problem on road. Mobile software agents can be used to provide the better QoS (Quality of Service) in vehicular ad hoc network to improve the safety application and d…
This paper deals with broadcasting problem in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). This communication mode is commonly used for sending safety messages and traffic information. However, designing an efficient broadcasting protocol is hard to achieve since it has to take into account some parameters related to the network environment, for example, the network density, in order to avoid causing radio interferences. In this paper, we propose a novel Autonomic Dissemination Method (ADM) which delivers messages in accordance with given priority and density levels. The proposed approach is based on t…
As vehicle population has been increasing on a daily basis, this leads towards increased number of accidents. To overcome this issue, Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has come up with lot of novel ideas such as vehicular communication, navigation and traffic controlling. In this study, the main focus is on congestion control at the intersections which result from unclear ahead. For this purpose, a city lane and intersection model has been proposed to manage vehicle mobility. It shows the actual vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to traffic infrastructure communication. The experiment was conducted…
In vehicular ad hoc networks, the dynamic change in transmission power is very effective to increase the throughput of the wireless vehicular network and decrease the delay of the message communication between vehicular nodes on the highway. Transmission range is directly proportional to the transmission power the moving node. If the transmission power will be high, the interference increases that can cause higher delay in message reception at receiver end, hence the performance of the network decreased. In this paper, it is analyzed that how transmission power can be controlled by considering…
In the IEEE 802.11p standard addressing vehicular communications, Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) can be bundled together and relayed as to increase the effective communication range of transmitting vehicles. This process forms a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for the dissemination of safety information. The number of "shortest multihop paths" (or geodesics) connecting two network nodes is an important statistic which can be used to enhance throughput, validate threat events, protect against collusion attacks, infer location information, and also limit redundant broadcasts thus reducing interfe…
The emergence of connected vehicles paradigm has made secure communication a key concern amongst the connected vehicles. Communication between the vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) is critical to disseminate message among the vehicles. We focus on secure message transmission in connected vehicles using multi_hop social networks environment to deliver the message with varying trustworthiness. We proposed a Geographic Social Trust Routing (GSTR) approach; messages are propagated using multiple hops and by considering the various available users in the vehicular network. GSTR is proposed in an …
A well-known technique for enhancing the performance and stability of content distribution is the use of multiple dissemination flows. Multipath TCP (MPTCP), the most popular multiflow protocol on the Internet, allows receivers to exploit multiple paths towards a single sender. Nevertheless, MPTCP cannot fully exploit the potential gains of multipath connectivity, as it must fairly share resources with (single-flow) TCP, without a clear understanding of whether the available paths do share any bottleneck links. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid congestion control algorithm for multisource a…
Advertisement disseminations based on Roadside Access Points (RAPs) in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) attract lots of attentions and have a promising prospect. In this paper, we focus on a roadside advertisement dissemination, including three basic elements: RAP Service Provider (RSP), mobile vehicles and shops. The RSP has deployed many RAPs at different locations in a city. A shop wants to rent some RAPs, which can disseminate advertisements to vehicles with some probabilites. Then, it tries to select the minimal number of RAPs to finish the advertisement dissemination, in order to save …
This paper proposes a hybrid architecture, namely VMaSC-LTE, combining IEEE 802.11p based multi-hop clustering and the fourth generation cellular system, Long Term Evolution (LTE), with the goal of achieving high data packet delivery ratio and low delay while keeping the usage of the cellular architecture at the minimum level. In VMaSC-LTE, vehicles are clustered based on a novel approach named VMaSC: Vehicular Multi-hop algorithm for Stable Clustering. From the clustered topology, elected cluster heads operate as dual-interface nodes with the functionality of IEEE 802.11p and LTE interface to…
With the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and wireless embedded sensing devices into modern vehicles, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) becomes a reality and an indispensable component of smart cities. The purpose of ITS is to improve road safety and traffic efficiency as well as offering infotainments services. In fact, warning drivers in the right time about dangerous situations on the road and providing them with prior information about traffic will undoubtedly leads to enhance driver's safety and reduce traffic congestion. Technically speaking, ITS is based on…
Now a days Many car manufacturers are planning to install wireless connectivity equipment in their vehicles to enable communications with "roadside base station" and also between vehicles, for the purposes of safety, driving assistance, and entertainment. One distinct feature is that vehicles are highly mobile, with speed up to 30 m/s, though their mobility patterns are more predictable than those of nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) due to the constraints imposed by road, speed limits, and commuting habits. Therefore, these networks require specific solutions and identify a novel resear…
In the era of Internet of Things, all components in intelligent transportation systems will be connected to improve transport safety, relieve traffic congestion, reduce air pollution and enhance the comfort of driving. The vision of all vehicles connected poses a significant challenge to the collection and storage of large amounts of traffic-related data. In this article, we propose to integrate cloud computing into vehicular networks such that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes a vehicular cloud, a roadsi…
