Now a days Many car manufacturers are planning to install wireless connectivity equipment in their vehicles to enable communications with "roadside base station" and also between vehicles, for the purposes of safety, driving assistance, and entertainment. One distinct feature is that vehicles are highly mobile, with speed up to 30 m/s, though their mobility patterns are more predictable than those of nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) due to the constraints imposed by road, speed limits, and commuting habits. Therefore, these networks require specific solutions and identify a novel research area, i.e., Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET). In this paper, we focus on a particular VSN architecture, where the ad hoc network is operated by a telecommunication/service provider to combine non-valuable individual sensed data and extract from them effective feedbacks about the situation of the road in a geographical area. In operated VSNs, providers tend to reduce the traffic load on their network, using the free-frequency communication medium (IEEE 802.11p, for example). To do so, we propose TCDGP (Tree Clustered Data Gathering Protocol), a cross layer protocol based on hierarchical and geographical data collection, aggregation and dissemination mechanisms. We analyze the performances of our solution using a simulation environment and realistic mobility models. We demonstrate the feasibility of such solution and show that TCDGP offers the operator precious information without overloading his network.
Vehicles provide an ideal platform for urban sensing applications, as they can be equipped with all kinds of sensing devices that can continuously monitor the environment around the travelling vehicle. In this work we are particularly concerned with the use of vehicles as building blocks of a multimedia mobile sensor system able to capture camera snapshots of the streets to support traffic monitoring and urban surveillance tasks. However, cameras are high data-rate sensors while wireless infrastructures used for vehicular communications may face performance constraints. Thus, data redundancy m…
Vehicular sensor network (VSN) is an emerging technology, which combines wireless communication offered by vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) with sensing devices installed in vehicles. VSN creates a huge opportunity to extend the road-side sensor infrastructure of existing traffic control systems. The efficient use of the wireless communication medium is one of the basic issues in VSN applications development. This paper introduces a novel method of selective data collection for traffic control applications, which provides a significant reduction in data amounts transmitted through VSN. The un…
We present a real-world testbed for research and development in vehicular networking that has been deployed successfully in the sea port of Leixões in Portugal. The testbed allows for cloud-based code deployment, remote network control and distributed data collection from moving container trucks, cranes, tow boats, patrol vessels and roadside units, thereby enabling a wide range of experiments and performance analyses. After describing the testbed architecture and its various modes of operation, we give concrete examples of its use and offer insights on how to build effective testbeds for wire…
A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a collection of wireless vehicle nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized Road Side Unit (RSU). VANET protocols have to face high challenges due to dynamically changing topologies and symmetric links of networks. A suitable and effective routing mechanism helps to extend the successful deployment of vehicular ad-hoc networks. An attempt has been made to compare the performance of two On-demand reactive routing protocols namely AODV and DSR which works on gateway discovery algorithms and a geographical routing protocol namely GPSR whi…
With onboard operating systems becoming increasingly common in vehicles, the real-time broadband infotainment and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) service applications in fast-motion vehicles become ever demanding, which are highly expected to significantly improve the efficiency and safety of our daily on-road lives. The emerging ITS and vehicular applications, e.g., trip planning, however, require substantial efforts on the real-time pervasive information collection and big data processing so as to provide quick decision making and feedbacks to the fast moving vehicles, which thus imp…
In the era of Internet of Things, all components in intelligent transportation systems will be connected to improve transport safety, relieve traffic congestion, reduce air pollution and enhance the comfort of driving. The vision of all vehicles connected poses a significant challenge to the collection and storage of large amounts of traffic-related data. In this article, we propose to integrate cloud computing into vehicular networks such that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes a vehicular cloud, a roadsi…
We propose to use Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) as the infrastructure for an urban cyber-physical system for gathering up-to-date data about a city, like traffic conditions or environmental parameters. In this context, it is critical to design a data collection protocol that enables retrieving the data from the vehicles in almost real-time in an efficient way for urban scenarios. We propose Back off-based Per-hop Forwarding (BPF), a broadcast-based receiver-oriented protocol that uses the destination location information to select the forwarding order among the nodes receiving the packet. …
The real-time traffic monitoring is a fundamental mission in a smart city to understand traffic conditions and avoid dangerous incidents. In this paper, we propose a reliable and efficient traffic monitoring system that integrates blockchain and the Internet of vehicles technologies effectively. It can crowdsource its tasks of traffic information collection to vehicles that run on the road instead of installing cameras in every corner. First, we design a lightweight blockchain-based information trading framework to model the interactions between traffic administration and vehicles. It guarante…
Realistic modeling of vehicular mobility has been particularly challenging due to a lack of large libraries of measurements in the research community. In this paper we introduce a novel method for large-scale monitoring, analysis, and identification of spatio-temporal models for vehicular mobility using the freely available online webcams in cities across the globe. We collect vehicular mobility traces from 2,700 traffic webcams in 10 different cities for several months and generate a mobility dataset of 7.5 Terabytes consisting of 125 million of images. To the best of our knowl- edge, this is…
Understanding and predicting real-time vehicle mobility patterns on highways are essential to address traffic congestion and respond to the emergency. However, almost all existing works (e.g., based on cellphones, onboard devices, or traffic cameras) suffer from high costs, low penetration rates, or only aggregate results. To address these drawbacks, we utilize Electric Toll Collection systems (ETC) as a large-scale sensor network and design a system called VeMo to transparently model and predict vehicle mobility at the individual level with a full penetration rate. Our novelty is how we addre…
Graph jobs represent a wide variety of computation-intensive tasks in which computations are represented by graphs consisting of components (denoting either data sources or data processing) and edges (corresponding to data flows between the components). Recent years have witnessed dramatic growth in smart vehicles and computation-intensive graph jobs, which pose new challenges to the provision of efficient services related to the Internet of Vehicles. Fortunately, vehicular clouds formed by a collection of vehicles, which allows jobs to be offloaded among vehicles, can substantially alleviate …
Cloud computing provides great benefits for applications hosted on the Web that also have special computational and storage requirements. This paper proposes an extensible and flexible architecture for integrating Wireless Sensor Networks with the Cloud. We have used REST based Web services as an interoperable application layer that can be directly integrated into other application domains for remote monitoring such as e-health care services, smart homes, or even vehicular area networks (VAN). For proof of concept, we have implemented a REST based Web services on an IP based low power WSN test…
The emerging autonomous vehicles (AVs) will inevitably revolutionize the transportation systems. This is because of a key feature of AVs; instead of being managed by human drivers as the conventional vehicles, AVs are of the complete capability to manage the driving by themselves. As a result, the futuristic intelligent transportation system (FITS) can be a centrally managed and optimized system with the fully coordinated driving of vehicles, which is impossible by the current transportation systems controlled by humans. In this article, we envision the operation of such FITS when AVs, advance…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；Guangdong University of Technology（广东工业大学）；Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技设计大学）；Auburn University（奥本大学）；University of Houston（休斯顿大学）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）
In the vehicular mixed reality (MR) Metaverse, the distance between physical and virtual entities can be overcome by fusing the physical and virtual environments with multi-dimensional communications in autonomous driving systems. Assisted by digital twin (DT) technologies, connected autonomous vehicles (AVs), roadside units (RSU), and virtual simulators can maintain the vehicular MR Metaverse via digital simulations for sharing data and making driving decisions collaboratively. However, large-scale traffic and driving simulation via realistic data collection and fusion from the physical world…
Many vehicles spend a significant amount of time in urban traffic congestion. Due to the evolution of autonomous cars, driver assistance systems, and in-vehicle entertainment, many vehicles have plentiful computational and communication capacity. How can we deploy data collection and processing tasks on these (slowly) moving vehicles to productively use any spare resources? To answer this question, we study the efficient placement of distributed services on a moving vehicle cluster. We present a macroscopic flow model for an intersection in Dublin, Ireland, using real vehicle density data. We …
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks populated by mobile stations, or mobile nodes (MNs). Specifically, MANETs consist of a collection of nodes randomly placed in a line (not necessarily straight). Mobile Ad hoc Networks do appear in many real-world network applications such as a vehicular Mobile Ad hoc Networks built along a highway in a city environment or people in a particular location. Mobile Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks are usually laptops, Personal Digital Assistants or mobile phones. These devices may use Blue-tooth and/or IEEE 802.11 network interfaces and communica…
University of Nebraska-Lincoln（内布拉斯加大学林肯分校）；Xidian University（西安电子科技大学）；University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）
High definition (HD) map needs to be updated frequently to capture road changes, which is constrained by limited specialized collection vehicles. To maintain an up-to-date map, we explore crowdsourcing data from connected vehicles. Updating the map collaboratively is, however, challenging under constrained transmission and computation resources in dynamic networks. In this paper, we propose EdgeMap, a crowdsourcing HD map to minimize the usage of network resources while maintaining the latency requirements. We design a DATE algorithm to adaptively offload vehicular data on a small time scale a…
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks populated by mobile stations, or mobile nodes (MNs). Mobility model is a hot topic in many areas, for example, protocol evaluation, network performance analysis and so on.How to simulate MNs mobility is the problem we should consider if we want to build an accurate mobility model. When new nodes can join and other nodes can leave the network and therefore the topology is dynamic.Specifically, Mobile Ad hoc Networks consist of a collection of nodes randomly placed in a line (not necessarily straight). Mobile Ad hoc Networks do appear in many …
