We study a relation between brick $n$-tuples of subspaces of a finite dimensional linear space, and irreducible $n$-tuples of subspaces of a finite dimensional Hilbert (unitary) space such that a linear combination, with positive coefficients, of orthogonal projections onto these subspaces equals the identity operator. We prove that brick systems of one-dimensional subspaces and the systems obtained from them by applying the Coxeter functors (in particular, all brick triples and quadruples of subspaces) can be unitarized. For each brick triple and quadruple of subspaces, we describe sets of characters that admit a unitarization.
The use of unitary invariant subspaces of a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is nowadays a recognized fact in the treatment of sampling problems. Indeed, shift-invariant subspaces of $L^2(\mathbb{R})$ and also periodic extensions of finite signals are remarkable examples where this occurs. As a consequence, the availability of an abstract unitary sampling theory becomes a useful tool to handle these problems. In this paper we derive a sampling theory for tensor products of unitary invariant subspaces. This allows to merge the cases of finitely/infinitely generated unitary invariant subspaces former…
We investigate the structure of subspaces of a Hilbert space that are invariant under unitary representations of a discrete group. We work with square integrable representations, and we show that they are those for which we can construct an isometry intertwining the representation with the right regular representation, that we call a Helson map. We then characterize invariant subspaces using the Helson map, and provide general characterizations of Riesz and frame sequences of orbits. These results extend to the nonabelian setting several known results for abelian groups. They also extend to co…
In this paper a sampling theory for unitary invariant subspaces associated to locally compact abelian (LCA) groups is deduced. Working in the LCA group context allows to obtain, in a unified way, sampling results valid for a wide range of problems which are interesting in practice, avoiding also cumbersome notation. Along with LCA groups theory, the involved mathematical technique is that of frame theory which meets matrix analysis when appropriate dual frames are computed.
A subspace representation of a poset $\mathcal S=\{s_1,...,s_t\}$ is given by a system $(V;V_1,...,V_t)$ consisting of a vector space $V$ and its subspaces $V_i$ such that $V_i\subseteq V_j$ if $s_i \prec s_j$. For each real-valued vector $χ=(χ_1,...,χ_t)$ with positive components, we define a unitary $χ$-representation of $\mathcal S$ as a system $(U;U_1,...,U_t)$ that consists of a unitary space $U$ and its subspaces $U_i$ such that $U_i\subseteq U_j$ if $s_i\prec s_j$ and satisfies $χ_1 P_1+...+χ_t P_t= \mathbb 1$, in which $P_i$ is the orthogonal projection onto $U_i$. We prove that $\math…
We study unitary representations of groups in Krein spaces, irreducibility criteria and integral decompositions. Our main tool is the theory of Krein subspaces and their (reproducing) kernels and a variant of Choquet's theorem.
Theorem 1. Given a number c >= 1, there exists a J-unitary operator \hat{V}, such that: (a) r(\hat{V})= r(\hat{V}^{-1})= c ; (b) S(c^{-1}\hat{V})=S(c^{-1}\hat{V}^{-1}) =S(c^{-1}\hat{V}^{*-1}) = S(c^{-1}\hat{V}^*)={0} (c) there exist maximal strictly positive and strictly negative \hat{V}^{\pm 1}-{invariant subspaces} L_{+}, L_{-}, such that they are mutually J-orthogonal and L_{+} + L_{-} is dense in the space. (d_1) if L_1 is non-zero \hat{V}-invariant subspace, then r(\hat{V}|L_1)=r(\hat{V}) (d_2) if L_2 is non-zero \hat{V}^{-1}-invariant subspace, then r(\hat{V}^{-1}|L_2)=r(\hat{V}^{-1}) .
It is shown that if $X$ is a unitary operator so that a singular subspace of~$U$ is unitarily equivalent to a singular subspace of~$UX$ (or $XU$), for each unitary operator~$U$, then $X$ is the identity operator. In other words, there is no nontrivial generalization of Birman-Krein Theorem that includes the preservation of a singular spectral subspace in this context.
We study pairs $(U,L_0)$, where $U$ is a unitary operator in $H$ and $L_0\subset H$ is a closed subspace, such that $$ P_{L_0}U|_{L_0}:L_0\to L_0 $$ has a singular value decomposition. Abstract characterizations of this condition are given, as well as relations to the geometry of projections and pairs of projections. Several concrete examples are examined.
A particular case of results from [K2] is as follows. Let the unitary asymptote of a contraction $T$ contain the bilateral shift (of finite or infinite multiplicity). Then there exists an invariant subspace $\mathcal M$ of $T$ such that $T|_{\mathcal M}$ is similar to the unilateral shift of the same multiplicity. The proof is based on the Sz.-Nagy--Foias functional model for contractions. In the present paper this result is generalized to polynomially bounded operators, but in the simplest case. Namely, it is proved that if the unitary asymptote of a polynomially bounded operator $T$ contains…
A regular sampling theory in a multiply generated unitary invariant subspace of a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is proposed. This subspace is associated to a unitary representation of a countable discrete abelian group $G$ on $\mathcal{H}$. The samples are defined by means of a filtering process which generalizes the usual sampling settings. The multiply generated setting allows to consider some examples where the group $G$ is non-abelian as, for instance, crystallographic groups. Finally, it is worth to mention that classical average or pointwise sampling in shift-invariant subspaces …
It is known that pure row contractions with one-dimensional defect spaces can be classified up to unitary equivalence by compressions of the standard $d$-shift acting on the full Fock space. Upon settling for a softer relation than unitary equivalence, we relax the defect condition and simply require the row contraction to admit a cyclic vector. We show that cyclic pure row contractions can be "transformed" (in a precise technical sense) into compressions of the standard $d$-shift. Cyclic decompositions of the underlying Hilbert spaces are the natural tool to extend this fact to higher multipl…
This paper is concerned with polynomially generated multiplier invariant subspaces of the weighted Bergman space $A_{\boldsymbolβ}^2$ in infinitely many variables. We completely classify these invariant subspaces under the unitary equivalence. Our results not only cover cases of both the Hardy space $H^{2}(\mathbb{D}_{2}^{\infty})$ and the Bergman space $A^{2}(\mathbb{D}_{2}^{\infty})$ in infinitely many variables, but also apply in finite-variable setting.
The main result of the paper is that a system of invariant subspaces of a (completely non-unitary) Hilbert space contraction $T$ with finite defects (rank$(I-T^*T)<\infty$, rank$(I-TT^*)<\infty$) is an unconditional basis (Riesz basis) if and only if it is uniformly minimal. Results of such type are quite well known: for a system of eigenspaces of a contraction with defects $1-1$ it is simply the famous Carleson interpolation theorem. For general invariant subspaces of operators with defects $1-1$ such theorem was proved by V. I. Vasyunin. Then partial results for the case of finite defects we…
Gelfand duality between unital commutative C*-algebras and Compact Hausdorff spaces is extended to all unital C*-algebras, where the dual objects are what we call compact Hausdorff quantum spaces. We apply this result to obtain, a characterization of unitary groups of C*-algebras, and, for arbitrary bounded Hilbert space operators, (i) A spectral theorem cum continuous functional calculus, and (ii) A proof of the general Invariant Subspace Theorem. Also described is a nonabelian generalization of Pontryagin duality of abelian locally compact groups.
The concept of translation of an operator allows to consider the analogous of shift-invariant subspaces in the class of Hilbert-Schmidt operators. Thus, we extend the concept of average sampling to this new setting, and we obtain the corresponding sampling formulas. The key point here is the use of the Weyl transform, a unitary mapping between the space of square integrable functions in the phase space $\mathbb{R}^d\times \widehat{\mathbb{R}}^d$ and the Hilbert space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, which permits to take advantage of some well established sampling results.
It is known that the structure of invariant subspaces of the Hardy space $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$ on the polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ is very complicated; hence, we need good examples help us to understand the structure of invariant subspaces of $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$. In this paper, we define two types of invariant subspaces of $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$. Then, we give a characterization of these types invariant subspaces in view of the Beurling-Lax-Halmos Theorem. Unitary equivalence is also studied in this paper.
The structure of subspaces of a Hilbert space that are invariant under unitary representations of a discrete group is related to a notion of Hilbert modules endowed with inner products taking values in spaces of unbounded operators. A theory of reproducing systems in such modular structures is developed, providing a general framework that includes fundamental results of shift-invariant spaces. In particular, general characterizations of Riesz and frame sequences associated to group representations are provided, extending previous results for abelian groups and for cyclic subspaces of unitary r…
Monotone linear relations play important roles in variational inequality problems and quadratic optimizations. In this paper, we give explicit maximally monotone linear subspace extensions of a monotone linear relation in finite dimensional spaces. Examples are provided to illustrate our extensions. Our results generalize a recent result by Crouzeix and Anaya.
Wigner's classical theorem on symmetry transformations plays a fundamental role in quantum mechanics. It can be formulated, for example, in the following way: Every bijective transformation on the set L of all 1-dimensional subspaces of a Hilbert space H which preserves the angle between the elements of L is induced by either a unitary or an antiunitary operator on H. The aim of this paper is to extend Wigner's result from the 1-dimensional case to the case of n-dimensional subspaces of H with n fixed.
We give a complete characterization of invariant subspaces for $(M_{z_1}, \ldots, M_{z_n})$ on the Hardy space $H^2(\mathbb{D}^n)$ over the unit polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ in $\mathbb{C}^n$, $n >1$. In particular, this yields a complete set of unitary invariants for invariant subspaces for $(M_{z_1}, \ldots, M_{z_n})$ on $H^2(\mathbb{D}^n)$, $n > 1$. As a consequence, we classify a large class of $n$-tuples, $n > 1$, of commuting isometries. All of our results hold for vector-valued Hardy spaces over $\mathbb{D}^n$, $n > 1$. Our invariant subspace theorem solves the well-known open problem on cha…
An isometric operator V in a Pontryagin space H is called standard, if its domain and the range are nondegenerate subspaces in H. A description of coresolvents for standard isometric operators is known and basic underlying concepts that appear in the literature are unitary colligations and characteristic functions. In the present paper generalized coresolvents of non-standard Pontryagin space isometric operators are described. The methods used in this paper rely on a new general notion of boundary pairs introduced for isometric operators in a Pontryagin space setting. Even in the Hilbert space…
In this paper, we show that if the direct sum of two operators is subspace-hypercyclic (satisfies subspace hypercyclic criterion), then both operators are subspace-hypercyclic (satisfy subspace hypercyclic criterion). Moreover, if an operator $T$ satisfies subspace-hypercyclic criterion, then so $T\oplus T$ does. Also, we obtain that under certain conditions, if $T\oplus T$ is hypercyclic then $T$ satisfies subspace-hypercyclic criterion and, the subspace-hypercyclic operators satisfy subspace-hypercyclic criterion which gives the "subspace-hypercyclic" analogue of Theorem 2.3. (in Hereditaril…
Given a set of vectors $\F=\{f_1,\dots,f_m\}$ in a Hilbert space $\HH$, and given a family $\CC$ of closed subspaces of $\HH$, the {\it subspace clustering problem} consists in finding a union of subspaces in $\CC$ that best approximates (models) the data $\F$. This problem has applications and connections to many areas of mathematics, computer science and engineering such as the Generalized Principle Component Analysis (GPCA), learning theory, compressed sensing, and sampling with finite rate of innovation. In this paper, we characterize families of subspaces $\CC$ for which such a best appro…
We study closed subspaces of $L^2(X)$, where $(X, μ)$ is a $σ$-finite measure space, that are invariant under the unitary representation associated to a measurable action of a discrete countable LCA group $Γ$ on $X$. We provide a complete description for these spaces in terms of range functions and a suitable generalized Zak transform. As an application of our main result, we prove a characterization of frames and Riesz sequences in $L^2(X)$ generated by the action of the unitary representation under consideration on a countable set of functions in $L^2(X)$. Finally, closed subspaces of $L^2(G…
We show that, for vector spaces in which distance measurement is performed using a gauge, the existence of best coapproximations in $1$-codimensional closed linear subspaces implies in dimensions $\geq 2$ that the gauge is a norm, and in dimensions $\geq 3$ that the gauge is even a Hilbert space norm. We also show that coproximinality of all closed subspaces of a fixed dimension implies coproximinality of all subspaces of all lower finite dimensions.
We study non-linear traces of Choquet type and Sugeno type on matrix algebras. They have certain partial additivities. We show that these partial additivities characterize non-linear traces of both Choquet type and Sugeno type respectively. There exists a close relation among non-linear traces of Choquet type, majorization, unitary invariant norms and 2-positivity.
The famous Lomonosov's invariant subspace theorem states that if a continuous linear operator T on an infinite-dimensional normed space E "commutes" with a compact nonzero operator K, i.e., TK=KT, then T has a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. We generalize this theorem for multivalued linear operators.
