Willem de Graaf, Andrea Pavan
Let G be a unipotent algebraic subgroup of some GL_m(C) defined over Q. We describe an algorithm for finding a finite set of generators of the subgroup G(Z) = G \cap GL_m(Z). This is based on a new proof of the result (in more general form due to Borel and Harish-Chandra) that such a finite generating set exists.
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We investigate positive-dimensional closed reductive subgroups of almost simple algebraic groups containing a regular unipotent element. Our main result states that such subgroups do not lie inside proper parabolic subgroups unless possibly when their connected component is a torus. This extends the earlier result of Testerman and Zalesski treating connected reductive subgroups.
Fixing an arithmetic lattice $Γ$ in an algebraic group $G$, the commensurability growth function assigns to each $n$ the cardinality of the set of subgroups $Δ$ with $[Γ: Γ\cap Δ] [Δ: Γ\cap Δ] = n$. This growth function gives a new setting where methods of F. Grunewald, D. Segal, and G. C. Smith's "Subgroups of finite index in nilpotent groups" apply to study arithmetic lattices in an algebraic group. In particular, we show that for any unipotent algebraic $\mathbb{Z}$-group with arithmetic lattice $Γ$, the Dirichlet function associated to the commensurability growth function satisfies an Eule…
We sketch a simplification of proofs of old results on the arithmeticity of the group generated by opposing integral unipotent radicals in higher rank arithmetic groups
Let $q$ be a power of a prime $p$. Let $P$ be a parabolic subgroup of the general linear group $\GL_n(q)$ that is the stabilizer of a flag in $\FF_q^n$ of length at most 5, and let $U = O_p(P)$. In this note we prove that, as a function of $q$, the number $k(U)$ of conjugacy classes of $U$ is a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficients.
Let G be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k of bad characteristic. We classify the spherical unipotent conjugacy classes of G. We also show that if the characteristic of k is 2, then the fixed point subgroup of every involutorial automorphism (involution) of G is a spherical subgroup of G.
This paper describes how to use subgroups to parameterize unipotent classes in the classical algebraic group in characteristic 2. These results can be viewed as an extension of the Bala-Carter Theorem, and give a convenient way to compare unipotent classes in a group $G$ with unipotent classes of a subgroup $X$ where $G$ is exceptional and $X$ is a Levi subgroup of classical type.
Rook placements and coadjoint orbits for maximal unipotent subgroups of finite symplectic groups
本文研究了有限辛群最大单位子群的共伴随轨道与正交王子放置的关系，并给出了最大维度轨道特征标的显式公式。
Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic $p > 0$. We consider connected reductive subgroups $X$ of $G$ that contain a given distinguished unipotent element $u$ of $G$. A result of Testerman and Zalesski (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 2013) shows that if $u$ is a regular unipotent element, then $X$ cannot be contained in a proper parabolic subgroup of $G$. We generalize their result and show that if $u$ has order $p$, then except for two known examples which occur in the case $(G, p) = (C_2, 2)$, the subgroup $X$ cannot be contained in a proper para…
Let F be a local field of positive characteristic, and let G be either a Heisenberg group over F, or a certain (nonabelian) two-dimensional unipotent group over F. If H is an arithmetic subgroup of G, we provide an explicit description of every automorphism of H. From this description, it follows that every automorphism of H virtually extends to a virtual automorphism of G.
The goal of this note is to classify the weakly closed unipotent subgroups in the split Chevalley groups. In an application we show under some mild assumptions on the characteristic that the Lie algebra of a connected simple algebraic group fails to be a so called 2F-module.
Separability of unipotent-free abelian subgroups in linear groups
本文证明了在零特征域上的有限生成线性群中，无幂单阿贝尔子群具有可分性。
We consider semi-continuity of certain dimensions on group schemes.
Polynomial properties of unipotent radicals of parabolic subgroups in classical groups
本文研究辛群、正交群和酉群中极大标准抛物子群的幂幺根，给出其次数为$q^e$的不可约特征标数量的显式公式。
Random unipotent Sylow subgroups of groups of Lie type of bounded rank
该研究针对有界秩有限单李型群，证明其可表为11个随机幂零Sylow子群的乘积且概率随群阶趋于无穷趋近1，给出有限线性群应用，证明不依赖有限单群分类。
Unipotent normal subgroups of algebraic groups
本文研究了代数群的单势正则子群的性质，并探讨了其在光滑连通仿射群中的类比关系。
Every commutator preserving bijection of the unipotent radical $Up(2n, R)$ of the Borel subgroup of the classical symplectic group of rank at least 4 over a field $F$ such that $6F=F$ is shown to be the composition of a standard automorphism of $Up(2n,R)$ and a central map. The latter is a bijection which acts as the right multiplication by a matrix from the center of $Up(2n,F)$.
The existence of closed orbits of real algebraic groups on real algebraic varieties is established. As an application, it is shown that if G is a real reductive linear group with Iwasawa decomposition G= KAN, then every unipotent subgroup of G is conjugate to a subgroup of N.
In the present paper we prove sandwich classification for the overgroups of the subsystem subgroup $E(Δ,R)$ of the Chevalley group $G(Φ,R)$ for the three types of pair $(Φ,Δ)$ (the root system and its subsystem) such that the group $G(Δ,R)$ is (up to torus) a Levi subgroup of the parabolic subgroup with abelian unipotent radical. Namely we show that for any such an overgroup $H$ there exists a unique pair of ideals $σ$ of the ring $R$ such that $E(Φ,Δ,R,σ)\le H\le N_{G(Φ,R)}(E(Φ,Δ,R,σ))$.
T. De Medts, Y. Segev and K. Tent [Special Moufang sets, their root groups and their μ-maps, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 96 (2008), 767-791] proved that the little projective group of a special Moufang set M(U,τ) is perfect provided that U has size at least 4. We give a short, elementary and self-contained argument when U is abelian, working with Timmesfeld's concept of special (abstract) rank one groups with abelian unipotent subgroups [Abstract root subgroups and simple groups of Lie type, Monographs in Mathematics, 95. Birkhäuser, 2001]. This simplifies Timmesfeld's (quasi) simplicity criter…
Let $\bfG$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over $\F_q$, where $q$ is a power of a prime $p$ that is good for $\bfG$. Let $F$ be the Frobenius morphism associated with the $\FF_q$-structure on $\bfG$ and set $G = \bfG^F$, the fixed point subgroup of $F$. Let $\bfP$ be an $F$-stable parabolic subgroup of $\bfG$ and let $\bfU$ be the unipotent radical of $\bfP$; set $P = \bfP^F$ and $U = \bfU^F$. Let $G_\uni$ be the set of unipotent elements in $G$. In this note we show that the number of conjugacy classes of $U$ in $G_\uni$ is given by a polynomial in $q$ with integer coefficien…
One of the central tools in the classification of simple algebraic groups is the distinction between semisimple subgroups and unipotent subgroups. It is not a priori clear how to make this distinction for torsion-free subgroups of a group of finite Morley rank. We exploit the ``graded'' notion of 0-unipotence to develop a Sylow theory for torsion-free subgroups of a solvable group of finite Morley rank. This Sylow theory provides a robust alternative to the usual theory of Carter subgroups, and will be used in the analysis of intersections of Borel subgroups in minimal simple groups.
The subnormaliser conjecture and unipotent characters
本文通过推导李型近单群的幺模特征的泛型双射，证明了有限群特征双射的次正规化子猜想的若干实例。
We prove a formula connecting the number of unipotent conjugacy classes in a maximal parabolic subgroup of a finite general linear group with the numbers of unipotent conjugacy classes in various parabolic subgroups in smaller dimensions. We generalise this formula and deduce a number of corollaries; in particular, we express the number of conjugacy classes of unitriangular matrices over a finite field in terms of the numbers of unipotent conjugacy classes in maximal parabolic subgroups over the same field. We show how the numbers of unipotent conjugacy classes in parabolic subgroups of small …
Let $G$ be a simple exceptional algebraic group of adjoint type over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ and let $X = {\rm PSL}_{2}(p)$ be a subgroup of $G$ containing a regular unipotent element $x$ of $G$. By a theorem of Testerman, $x$ is contained in a connected subgroup of $G$ of type $A_1$. In this paper we prove that with two exceptions, $X$ itself is contained in such a subgroup (the exceptions arise when $(G,p) = (E_6,13)$ or $(E_7,19)$). This extends earlier work of Seitz and Testerman, who established the containment under some additional conditions on $p$ and the …
In studying nilpotent groups, the lower central series and other variations can be used to construct an associated $\mathbb{Z}^+$-graded Lie ring, which is a powerful method to inspect a group. Indeed, the process can be generalized substantially by introducing $\mathbb{N}^d$-graded Lie rings. We compute the adjoint refinements of the lower central series of the unipotent subgroups of the classical Chevalley groups over the field $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ of rank $d$. We prove that, for all the classical types, this characteristic filter is a series of length $Θ(d^2)$ with nearly all factors ha…
Let $U_n$ denote the group of $n\times n$ unipotent upper-triangular matrices over a fixed finite field $\FF_q$, and let $U_\cP$ denote the pattern subgroup of $U_n$ corresponding to the poset $\cP$. This work examines the superclasses and supercharacters, as defined by Diaconis and Isaacs, of the family of normal pattern subgroups of $U_n$. After classifying all such subgroups, we describe an indexing set for their superclasses and supercharacters given by set partitions with some auxiliary data. We go on to establish a canonical bijection between the supercharacters of $U_\cP$ and certain $\…
Arithmetic subgroups of Chevalley group schemes over function fields II: Conjugacy classes of maximal unipotent subgroups
本文研究函数域上 $\mathcal{S}$-算术子群的极大幂单子群共轭类，利用 Picard 群与群秩加以参数化，并通过 Bruhat–Tits 建筑扇形稳定子刻画其结构。
On good $A_1$ subgroups, Springer maps, and overgroups of distinguished unipotent elements in reductive groups
本文利用好的 $A_1$ 子群给出 Korhonen 关于含特殊幂幺元素的连通约化子群为 $G$-不可约定理的简短统一证明，并将其推广到 Lie 型有限上群、任意阶特殊幂幺元素及 Lie 代数情形。
This is the first of two papers in which we introduce and study two bivariate zeta functions associated to unipotent group schemes over rings of integers of number fields. One of these zeta functions encodes the numbers of isomorphism classes of irreducible complex representations of finite dimensions of congruence quotients of the associated group and the other one encodes the numbers of conjugacy classes of each size of such quotients. In this paper, we show that these zeta functions satisfy Euler factorizations and almost all of their Euler factors are rational and satisfy functional equati…
Unicity of A1-subgroups associated to unipotent elements in simple algebraic groups
本文研究了正特征单连通代数群中幂幺元关联的 A1-子群的共轭唯一性问题，确定了满足共轭性的极大 G-稳定子簇，从而明确了 Jacobson-Morozov 定理在正特征代数群中的适用程度。
Describing the conjugacy classes of the unipotent upper triangular groups $\mathrm{UT}_{n}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$ uniformly (for all or many values of $n$ and $q$) is a nearly impossible task. This paper takes on the related problem of describing the normal subgroups of $\mathrm{UT}_{n}(\mathbb{F}_{q})$. For $q$ a prime, a bijection will be established between these subgroups and pairs of combinatorial objects with labels from $\mathbb{F}_{q}^{\times}$. Each pair comprises a loopless binary matroid and a tight splice, an apparently new kind of combinatorial object which interpolates between nonnesti…
The unipotent groups are an important class of algebraic groups. We show that techniques used to compute with finitely generated nilpotent groups carry over to unipotent groups. We concentrate particularly on the maximal unipotent subgroup of a split reductive group and show how this improves computation in the reductive group itself.
Lie type quotients of the maximal unipotent subgroup of Kac-Moody groups of type $\mathrm{HB}_{2}^{(2)}$
本文构造了秩无界的 Lie 型有限单群无限族作为类型 $\mathrm{HB}_{2}^{(2)}$ 的 Kac-Moody 群极大幂幺子群的商，并据此首次构建出由无界秩 Lie 型群生成的高维扩展图无限族。
In this paper we consider non-abelian 1-cohomology for groups with coefficients in other groups. We prove versions of the `five lemma' arising from this situation. We go on to show that a connected unipotent algebraic group Q acted on morphically by a connected algebraic group G admits a filtration with successive quotients having the structure of G-modules. From these results we deduce extensions to results due to Cline, Parshall, Scott and van der Kallen. Firstly, if G is a connected, reductive algebraic group with Borel subgroup B and Q a unipotent algebraic G-group, we show the restriction…
Let $G$ be a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p$. The classification of the conjugacy classes of unipotent elements of $G(k)$ and nilpotent orbits of $G$ on $\operatorname{Lie}(G)$ is well-established. One knows there are representatives of every unipotent class as a product of root group elements and every nilpotent orbit as a sum of root elements. We give explicit representatives in terms of a Chevalley basis for the eminent classes. A unipotent (resp. nilpotent) element is said to be eminent if it is not contained in any subsystem subgroup (re…
In this paper we study the structure of cohomology spaces for the Frobenius kernels of unipotent and parabolic algebraic group schemes and of their quantum analogs. Given a simple algebraic group $G$, a parabolic subgroup $P_J$, and its unipotent radical $U_J$, we determine the ring structure of the cohomology ring $H^\bullet((U_J)_1,k)$. We also obtain new results on computing $H^\bullet((P_J)_1,L(λ))$ as an $L_J$-module where $L(λ)$ is a simple $G$-module with high weight $λ$ in the closure of the bottom $p$-alcove. Finally, we provide generalizations of all our results to the quantum situat…
If a geometry $Γ$ is isomorphic to the residue of a point $A$ of a shadow geometry of a spherical building $Δ$, a representation $\varepsilon_Δ^A$ of $Γ$ can be given in the unipotent radical $U_{A^*}$ of the stabilizer in $\mathrm{Aut}(Δ)$ of a flag $A^*$ of $Δ$ opposite to $A$, every element of $Γ$ being mapped onto a suitable subgroup of $U_{A^*}$. We call such a representation a unipotent representation. We develope some theory for unipotent representations and we examine a number of interesting cases, where a projective embedding of a Lie incidence geometry $Γ$ can be obtained as a quotie…
Overgroups of regular unipotent elements in reductive groups
本文研究约化线性代数群中包含正则幂单元素的约化子群，证明在适当条件下这些子群是Serre意义下的G-不可约的，推广了已有结果并涵盖李代数和有限李型群，证明简洁统一。
Let G be a simple algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 or a good prime for G. Let U be a maximal unipotent subgroup of G and \u its Lie algebra. We prove the separability of orbit maps and the connectedness of centralizers for the coadjoint action of U on (certain quotients of) the dual \u* of \u. This leads to a method to give a parametrization of the coadjoint orbits in terms of so-called minimal representatives which form a disjoint union of quasi-affine varieties. Moreover, we obtain an algorithm to explicitly calculate this parametrization which h…
We consider linear groups which do not contain unipotent elements of infinite order, which includes all linear groups in positive characteristic, and show that this class of groups has good properties which resemble those held by groups of non positive curvature and which do not hold for arbitrary characteristic zero linear groups. In particular if such a linear group is finitely generated then centralisers virtually split and all finitely generated abelian subgroups are undistorted. If further the group is virtually torsion free (which always holds in characteristic zero) then we have a stron…
The current article continues a series of papers on decomposition of unipotents and its applications. Let $G(Φ,R)$ be a Chevalley group with a reduced irreducible root system $Φ$ over a commutative ring $R$. Fix $h\in G(Φ,R)$. Call an element $a\in G(Φ,R)$ "good", if it lies in the unipotent radical of a parabolic subgroup whereas the conjugate to $a$ by $h$ belongs to another proper parabolic subgroup (here we assume that all parabolics contain a given split maximal torus). Decomposition of unipotents is a representation of a root unipotent element as a product of "good" elements. Existence o…
Matrix entries, unipotents, and linearity of amalgams
研究代数群子群汇合的线性性，发现某些线性群的'双'具有线性性，同时获得新的有限生成残余有限群非线性例子。
Let $G$ be a linear Lie group that acts on it's Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ by the adjoint action: $\mathrm{Ad}(g)X=gXg^{-1}$. An element $X\in \mathfrak {g}$ is called $\mathrm{Ad}_G$-real if $-X = \mathrm{Ad}(g)X $ for some $g\in G$. An $\mathrm{Ad}_G$-real element $X$ is called strongly $\mathrm{Ad}_G $-real if $-X = \mathrm{Ad}(τ) X $ for some involution $τ\in G$. Let $K=\mathbb{R}$, $\mathbb{C}$ or $\mathbb{H}$. Let $\mathrm{U}_n(K)$ be the group of unipotent upper-triangular matrices over $K$. Let $\mathfrak{u}_n (K)$ be the Lie algebra of $\mathrm{U}_n(K)$ that consists of $n \times n$ u…
Unipotent linear suspensions of free groups
受自由群外自同构共轭问题驱动，本文发展了由幂单线性增长自同构产生的 free-by-cyclic 群的算法理论，计算了其规范分裂与自同构群，证明了有效凝聚性，解决了混合 Whitehead 问题，并最终应用于解决该类自由群外自同构的共轭问题。
Let $\mathrm G / F$ be a reductive split $p$-adic group and let $\mathrm U$ be the unipotent radical of a Borel subgroup. We study the cohomology with trivial $\mathbb Z_p$-coefficients of the profinite nilpotent group $N = \mathrm U(\mathcal O_F)$ and its Lie algebra $\mathfrak n$, by extending a classical result of Kostant to our integral $p$-adic setup. The techniques used are a combination of results from group theory, algebraic groups and homological algebra.
Exploring Bass' Triangulability Problem on unipotent algebraic subgroups of the affine Cremona groups, we prove a triangulability criterion, the existence of nontriangulable connected solvable affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups, and stable triangulability of such subgroups; in particular, in the stable range we answer Bass' Triangulability Problem is the affirmative. To this end we prove a theorem on invariant subfields of $1$-extensions. We also obtain a general construction of all rationally triangulable subgroups of the Cremona groups and, as an application, classify rationall…
Tits-type alternative for certain groups acting on algebraic surfaces
本文将此前环面仿射簇上由幂单子群生成的自同构群的 Tits 型二择一结果，推广到复仿射曲面情形，证明此类群或含非阿贝尔自由子群，或为亚阿贝尔幂单代数群。
Let $G$ be a linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\geq 0$. We show that if $H_1$ and $H_2$ are connected subgroups of $G$ such that $H_1$ and $H_2$ have a common maximal unipotent subgroup and $H_1/R_u(H_1)$ and $H_2/R_u(H_2)$ are semisimple, then $H_1$ and $H_2$ are $G$-conjugate. Moreover, we show that if $H$ is a semisimple linear algebraic group with maximal unipotent subgroup $U$ then for any algebraic group homomorphism $σ\colon U\rightarrow G$, there are only finitely many $G$-conjugacy classes of algebraic group homomorphisms $ρ\colon H\rightarr…
Investigations into and around a 30-year old conjecture of Gregory Margulis and Robert Zimmer on the commensurated subgroups of S-arithmetic groups.
In this note we compute the fundamental domain of the action on the corresponding Bruhat-Tits tree of the arithmetic subgroup of PGL2 with respect to an arbitrary place of the rational function field.
It is well-known that the representation theory of the finite group of unipotent upper-triangular matrices $U_n$ over a finite field is a wild problem. By instead considering approximately irreducible representations (supercharacters), one obtains a rich combinatorial theory analogous to that of the symmetric group, where we replace partition combinatorics with set-partitions. This paper studies the supercharacter theory of a family of subgroups that interpolate between $U_{n-1}$ and $U_n$. We supply several combinatorial indexing sets for the supercharacters, supercharacter formulas for these…
This paper describes a family of Hecke algebras H_μ=End_G(Ind_U^G(ψ_μ)), where U is the subgroup of unipotent upper-triangular matrices of G=GL_n(F_q) and ψ_μis a linear character of U. The main results combinatorially index a basis of H_μ, provide a large commutative subalgebra of H_μ, and after describing the combinatorics associated with the representation theory of H_μ, generalize the RSK correspondence that is typically found in the representation theory of the symmetric group.
Statistically characterized subgroups related to arithmetic-type sequence of integers
本文研究了更广泛的算术型整数序列相关的统计子群，总结了其在算术序列和某些非算术序列中的特殊性质，并展示了该类别的显著不同行为。
Let $G$ be a semisimple real algebraic Lie group of real rank at least two and $U$ be the unipotent radical of a non-trivial parabolic subgroup. We prove that a discrete Zariski dense subgroup of $G$ that contains an irreducible lattice of $U$ is an arithmetic lattice of $G$. This solves a conjecture of Margulis and extends previous work of Hee Oh.
Rings of invariants of three-dimensional upper-triangular representations of finite groups
本文证明了奇特征域上有限三维上三角群的不变式环为多项式环的充要条件，即极大幂幺子群由伪反射生成或不含平延。
The main goal of this paper is to apply the arithmetic method developed in our previous paper \cite{13} to determine the number of some types of subgroups of finite abelian groups.
Let $Γ$ be a finitely generated group of matrices over $\mathbb{C}$. We construct an isometric action of $Γ$ on a complete CAT(0) space $X$ such that the restriction of this action to any subgroup of $Γ$ containing no nontrivial unipotent elements is well behaved. As an application, we show that if $M$ is a graph manifold that does not admit a nonpositively curved Riemannian metric, then any finite-dimensional $\mathbb{C}$-linear representation of $π_1(M)$ maps a nontrivial element of $π_1(M)$ to a unipotent matrix. In particular, the fundamental groups of such 3-manifolds do not admit any fai…
Similar to the symplectic cases, there is a family of fourteen orthogonal hypergeometric groups with a maximally unipotent monodromy (cf. Table 1.1). We show that two of the fourteen orthogonal hypergeometric groups associated to the pairs of parameters $(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)$, $(\frac{1}{6}, \frac{1}{6}, \frac{5}{6}, \frac{5}{6}, \frac{1}{2})$; and $(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)$, $(\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{4}, \frac{3}{4}, \frac{3}{4}, \frac{1}{2})$ are arithmetic. We also give a table (cf. Table 2.1) which lists the quadratic forms $\mathrm{Q}$ preserved by these fourteen hypergeometric groups, and their two line…
The principle result of this article is the determination of the possible finite subgroups of arithmetic lattices in U(2,1).
We develop practical techniques to compute with arithmetic groups $H\leq \mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb{Q})$ for $n>2$. Our approach relies on constructing a principal congruence subgroup in $H$. Problems solved include testing membership in $H$, analyzing the subnormal structure of $H$, and the orbit-stabilizer problem for $H$. Effective computation with subgroups of $\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{Z}_m)$ is vital to this work. All algorithms have been implemented in GAP.
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