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arXiv 0806.2178cond-mat.mes-hall
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纳米器件中的持续自旋电流及其定义

Persistent spin current in nano-devices and definition of the spin current

Qing-feng Sun, X. C. Xie, Jian Wang

摘要:

我们研究了两个密切相关的问题:(i)在具有自旋轨道相互作用(SOI)的半导体介观器件中存在纯持续自旋电流,以及(ii)在SOI存在下自旋电流的定义。通过四种不同物理图象的物理论证,我们提供了强有力的证据,证明在没有磁性材料的情况下,SOI器件中确实存在持续的自旋电流。这种持续的自旋电流是由磁通量穿过的介观环中的持续电荷电流的模拟,它描述了真实的自旋运动,并且可以通过实验测量。然后我们研究了自旋流的定义。我们指出:(i)在平衡SOI器件中的非零自旋电流是持续的自旋电流,(ii)自旋电流通常是不守恒的,(iii)无论使用什么定义的自旋电流的自旋输运违反Onsager关系。这些问题,非零自旋流在平衡的情况下,非保守的自旋流,违反昂萨格关系,是自旋输运的内在属性。我们注意到,自旋流的传统定义具有非常清晰的物理直观性,并且很好地描述了自旋运动。因此,我们认为传统的自旋电流定义是有物理意义的,没有必要加以修改.此外,还讨论了混合环SOI区的持续自旋电流与输运自旋电流、持续线性自旋电流和持续角自旋电流之间的关系.最后,我们表明,如果自旋-自旋相互作用包含在哈密顿量,持续自旋流自动保存使用传统的定义。

英文摘要:

We investigate two closely related subjects: (i) existence of a pure persistent spin current in semiconducting mesoscopic device with a spin-orbit interaction's (SOI), and (ii) the definition of the spin current in the presence of SOI. Through physical argument from four physical pictures in different aspects, we provide strong evidences that the persistent spin current does exist in a device with SOI in the absence of any magnetic materials. This persistent spin current is an analog of the persistent charge current in a mesoscopic ring threaded by a magnetic flux, and it describes the real spin motion and can be measured experimentally. We then investigate the definition of the spin current. We point out that (i) the non-zero spin current in the equilibrium SOI device is the persistent spin current, (ii) the spin current is in general not conserved, and (iii) the Onsager relation is violated for the spin transport no matter what definition of the spin current is used. These issues, the non-zero spin current in the equilibrium case, the non-conserved spin current, and the violation of the Onsager relation, are intrinsic properties of spin transport. We note that the conventional definition of the spin current has very clear physical intuition and describes the spin motion very well. Therefore we feel that the conventional definition of the spin current makes physical sense and there is no need to modify it. In addition, the relationship between the persistent spin current and transport spin current, the persistent linear and angular spin currents in the SOI region of the hybrid ring, are discussed. Finally, we show that if the spin-spin interaction is included into the Hamiltonian, the persistent spin current is automatically conserved using the conventional definition.

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