静磁场下纳米弹簧的电子性质和持续自旋电流
Electronic Properties and Persistent Spin Currents of Nanospring under Static Magnetic Field
摘要：
本文从理论上研究了静磁场作用下纳米弹簧的相对论电子性质。解释自旋-轨道相互作用的波动方程是作为电磁场作用下自旋为1/2的粒子被限制在曲面上的泡利方程的特殊情况导出的。我们定义的螺旋动量算子，并表明，由于纳米弹簧的螺旋几何形状，它与哈密顿量交换。因此，能量本征态也是螺旋动量的本征态。我们数值求解方程，得到表面波函数和能谱。通过改变表征系统的参数来系统地检查电子性质。结果表明，无论是非零的自旋轨道相互作用或非零的外部磁场足以发生持续的自旋电流的纳米弹簧。两种不同的机制被示出，以产生持续的自旋电流。一种是利用表面局部反转非对称性产生的自旋-轨道相互作用，另一种是利用与外磁场的曲率耦合。
英文摘要：
Relativistic electronic properties of a nanospring under a static magnetic field are theoretically investigated in the present study. The wave equation accounting for the spin-orbit interaction is derived for the nanospring as a special case of the Pauli equation for a spin-1/2 particle confined to a curved surface under an electromagnetic field. We define the helical momentum operator and show that it commutes with the Hamiltonian owing to the helical geometry of the nanospring. The energy eigenstates are hence also the eigenstates of the helical momentum. We solve the equation numerically to obtain the surface wave functions and the energy spectra. The electronic properties are systematically examined by varying the parameters that characterize the system. It is demonstrated that either the nonzero spin-orbit interaction or the nonzero external magnetic field suffices for the occurrence of the persistent spin current on the nanospring. Two different mechanisms are shown to generate the persistent spin current. One employs the spin-orbit interaction coming from the local inversion asymmetry on the surface, while the other employs the curvature coupling with the external magnetic field.
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