This paper studies the singularities of Cullen-regular functions of one quaternionic variable. The quaternionic Laurent series prove to be Cullen-regular. The singularities of Cullen-regular functions are thus classified as removable, essential or poles. The quaternionic analogues of meromorphic complex functions, called semiregular functions, turn out to be quotients of Cullen-regular functions with respect to an appropriate division operation. This allows a detailed study of the poles and their distribution.
This is a continuation of a series of papers [FL1, FL2, FL3], where we develop quaternionic analysis from the point of view of representation theory of the conformal Lie group and its Lie algebra. In this paper we continue to study the quaternionic analogues of Cauchy's formula for the second order pole. These quaternionic analogues are closely related to regularization of infinities of vacuum polarization diagrams in four-dimensional quantum field theory. In order to add some flexibility, especially when dealing with Cauchy's formula for the second order pole, we introduce a one-parameter def…
The functions studied in the paper are quaternion-valued functions of a quaternionic variable. It is show that the left slice regular functions and right slice regular functions are related by a particular involution. The relation between left slice regular functions, right slice regular functions and intrinsic regular functions is revealed. The classical Laplace transform can be naturally generalized to quaternions in two different ways, which transform a quaternion-valued function of a real variable to a left or right slice regular quaternion-valued function of a quaternionic variable. The u…
We introduce the regular product for Cullen-regular quaternionic functions in a manner that does not depend upon a representation in power series but upon another, weaker kind of representation. The special case when the functions are represented as quaternionic power series is studied. We show that the regular ring of quaternionic power series is a subring of the regular associative ring of real-analytical Hyperholomorphic functions.
A slice regular analogue of the Malmquist-Takenaka system is investigated. It is proved that they form a complete orthonormal system in the quaternionic Hardy spaces of the unit ball. The properties of associated projection operator are studied. Key Words and Phrases: Functions of hypercomplex variables, quaternionic Hardy spaces, series expansions, interpolation, approximation by rational functions, quaternionic Malmquist-Takenaka system
The recent definition of slice regular function of several quaternionic variables suggests a new notion of quaternionic manifold. We give the definition of quaternionic regular manifold, as a space locally modeled on $\mathbb{H}^n$, in a slice regular sense. We exhibit some significant classes of examples, including manifolds which carry a quaternionic affine structure.
In this paper we study Hankel operators in the quaternionic setting. In particular we prove that they can be exploited to measure the $L^{\infty}$ distance of a slice $L^{\infty}$ function from the space of bounded slice regular functions.
The papers \cite{O1,O2} are the first works to apply the theory of fiber bundles in the study of the quaternionic slice regular functions. The main goal of the present work is to extend the results given in \cite{O1}, where the quaternionic right linear space of quaternionic slice regular functions was presented as the base space of a fiber bundle. When the quaternionic right linear space of quaternionic slice regular functions is associated to certain domains then this paper shows that the elements of total space, given in \cite{O1}, are defined from a pair of harmonic functions and a pair of…
For functions of two quaternionic variables that are regular in the sense of Fueter, we establish a result similar in spirit to the Hanges and Trèves theorem. Namely, we show that a ball contained in the boundary of a domain is a propagator of regular extendability across the boundary.
The basic results of a new theory of regular functions of a quaternionic variable have been recently stated, following an idea of Cullen. In this paper we prove the minimum modulus principle and the open mapping theorem for regular functions. The proofs involve some peculiar geometric properties of such functions which are of independent interest.
We prove a version of the classical Mittag-Leffler Theorem for regular functions over quaternions. Our result relies upon an appropriate notion of principal part, that is inspired by the recent definition of spherical analyticity.
The regular fractional transformations of the extended quaternionic space have been recently introduced as variants of the classical linear fractional transformations. These variants have the advantage of being included in the class of slice regular functions, introduced by Gentili and Struppa in 2006, so that they can be studied with the useful tools available in this theory. We first consider their general properties, then focus on the regular Möbius transformations of the quaternionic unit ball B, comparing the latter with their classical analogs. In particular we study the relation between…
In this paper we prove two Bloch type theorems for quaternionic slice regular functions. We first discuss the injective and covering properties of some classes of slice regular functions from slice regular Bloch spaces and slice regular Bergman spaces, respectively. And then we show that there exits a universal ball contained in the image of the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ in quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ through the slice regular rotation $\widetilde{f}_{u}$ of each slice regular function $f:\overline{\mathbb{B}}\rightarrow \mathbb{H}$ with $f'(0)=1$ for some $u\in \partial\mathbb{B}$.
In this paper we prove that, for any $n\in \mathbb N$, the ideal generated by $n$ slice regular functions $f_1,\ldots,f_n$ having no common zeros concides with the entire ring of slice regular functions. The proof required the study of the non-commutative syzygies of a vector of regular functions, that manifest a different character when compared with their complex counterparts.
Notions of a "holomorphic" function theory for functions of a split-quaternionic variable have been of recent interest. We describe two found in the literature and show that one notion encompasses a small class of functions, while the other gives a richer collection. In the second instance, we describe a simple subclass of functions and give two examples of an analogue of the Cauchy-Kowalewski extension in this context.
Let D be a domain in the quaternionic space H. We prove a differential criterion that characterizes Fueter-regular quaternionic functions f:bD -> H of class C^1. We find differential operators T and N, with complex coefficients, such that a function f is regular on D if and only if (N-jT)f=0 on the boundary of D (j a basic quaternion) and f is harmonic on D. As a consequence, by means of the identification of H with C^2, we obtain a non-tangential holomorphicity condition which generalizes a result of Aronov and Kytmanov. We also show how the differential criterion and regularity are related t…
The purpose of this paper is twofold. One is to enrich from a geometrical point of view the theory of octonionic slice regular functions. We first prove a boundary Schwarz lemma for slice regular self-mappings of the open unit ball of the octonionic space. As applications, we obtain two Landau-Toeplitz type theorems for slice regular functions with respect to regular diameter and slice diameter respectively, together with a Cauchy type estimate. Along with these results, we introduce some new and useful ideas, which also allow to prove the minimum principle and one version of the open mapping …
Let H be the real algebra of quaternions. The notion of regular function of a quaternionic variable recently presented by G. Gentili and D. C. Struppa developed into a quite rich theory. Several properties of regular quaternionic functions are analogous to those of holomorphic functions of one complex variable, although the diversity of the quaternionic setting introduces new phenomena. This paper studies regular quaternionic transformations. We first find a quaternionic analog to the Casorati-Weierstrass theorem and prove that all regular injective functions from H to itself are affine. In pa…
The quaternionic valued functions of a quaternionic variable, often referred to as slice regular functions has been studied extensively due to the large number of generali\-zed results of the theory of one complex variable, see \cite{cgs,CSS,GSC,GS2,gssbook,gp,gpr,GS} and the references given there. Recently, several global properties of these functions has been found of the study of a differential operator, see \cite{GlobalOp,GP_2, G, GG1,GG2}. Particularly, given a structural set $ψ$ the Borel-Pompieu formula induced by the operator ${}^ψG$ and its consequences in the slice regular function …
Let H be the space of quaternions, with its standard hypercomplex structure. Let R(D) be the module of regular functions on D. For every unitary vector p in S^2, R(D) contains the space of holomorphic functions w.r.t. the complex structure J_p induced by p. We prove the existence, on any bounded domain D, of regular functions that are not J_p-holomorphic for any p. Our starting point is a result of Chen and Li concerning maps between hyperkaehler manifolds, where a similar result is obtained for a less restricted class of quaternionic maps. We give a criterion, based on the energy-minimizing p…
After their introduction in 2006, quaternionic slice regular functions have mostly been studied over domains that are symmetric with respect to the real axis. This choice was motivated by some foundational results published in 2009, such as the Representation Formula for axially symmetric domains. The present work studies slice regular functions over domains that are not axially symmetric, partly correcting the hypotheses of some previously published results. In particular, this work includes a Local Representation Formula valid without the symmetry hypothesis. Moreover, it determines a class …
In this paper we prove a new representation formula for slice regular functions, which shows that the value of a slice regular function $f$ at a point $q=x+yI$ can be recovered by the values of $f$ at the points $q+yJ$ and $q+yK$ for any choice of imaginary units $I, J, K.$ This result allows us to extend the known properties of slice regular functions defined on balls centered on the real axis to a much larger class of domains, called axially symmetric domains. We show, in particular, that axially symmetric domains play, for slice regular functions, the role played by domains of holomorphy fo…
We introduce and study Hankel operators defined on the Hardy space of regular functions of a quaternionic variable. Theorems analogous to those of Nehari anc C. Fefferman are proved.
The theory of slice regular functions of a quaternionic variable, introduced in 2006 by Gentili and Struppa, extends the notion of holomorphic function to the quaternionic setting. This fast growing theory is already rich of many results and has interesting applications. In this setting, the present paper is devoted to introduce and study the quaternionic counterparts of Hardy spaces of holomorphic functions of one complex variable. The basic properties of the theory of quaternionic Hardy spaces are investigated, and in particular a Poisson-type representation formula, the notions of outer fun…
Beginning in 2006, G. Gentili and D.C. Struppa developed a theory of regular quaternionic functions with properties that recall classical results in complex analysis. For instance, in each Euclidean ball centered at 0 the set of regular functions coincides with that of quaternionic power series converging in the same ball. In 2009 the author proposed a classification of singularities of regular functions as removable, essential or as poles and studied poles by constructing the ring of quotients. In that article, not only the statements, but also the proving techniques were confined to the spec…
The theory of slice regular functions over the quaternions, introduced by Gentili and Struppa in [5], was born on domains that intersect the real axis. This hypothesis can be overcome using the theory of stem functions introduced by Ghiloni and Perotti ([6]), in the context of real alternative algebras. In this paper I will recall the notion and the main properties of stem functions. After that I will introduce the class of slice regular functions induced by stem functions and, in this set, I will extend the identity principle, the maximum and minimum modulus principles and the open mapping th…
This paper deals with some special integral transforms of Bargmann-Fock type in the setting of quaternionic valued slice hyperholomorphic and Cauchy-Fueter regular functions. The construction is based on the well-known Fueter mapping theorem. In particular, starting with the normalized Hermite functions we can construct an Appell system of quaternionic regular polynomials. The ranges of such integral transforms are quaternionic reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of regular functions. New integral representations and generating functions in this quaternionic setting are obtained in both the Fock…
Along with the development of the theory of slice regular functions over the real algebra of quaternions $\mathbb{H}$ during the last decade, some natural questions arose about slice regular functions on the open unit ball $\mathbb{B}$ in $\mathbb{H}$. This work establishes several new results in this context. Along with some useful estimates for slice regular self-maps of $\mathbb{B}$ fixing the origin, it establishes two variants of the quaternionic Schwarz-Pick lemma, specialized to maps $\mathbb{B}\to\mathbb{B}$ that are not injective. These results allow a full generalization to quaternio…
We introduce the class of semiweak Cullen-regular quaternionic functions by interpreting Cullen-regular functions as solutions to an inhomogeneous PDE in terms of the Fueter operator.
The theory of quaternionic slice regular functions was introduced in 2006 and successfully developed for about a decade over symmetric slice domains, which appeared to be the natural setting for their study. Some recent articles paved the way for a further development of the theory: namely, the study of slice regular functions on slice domains that are not necessarily symmetric. The present work is a panorama of geometric function theory in this new context, where new phenomena appear. For instance, the nature of the zero sets can be drastically different than in the symmetric case. The work i…
We show characterizations of the class of Cullen-regular functions in the sense of Gentili-Struppa for any domain $Ω$ in terms of the Fueter operator. We then state a Integral Theorem and discuss how it can be used to define a more general version of Cullen-regularity, that does not require the function to be of class $C^{1}$.
We study power series and analyticity in the quaternionic setting. We first consider a function f defined as the sum of a quaternionic power series centered at 0 in its domain of convergence (which is a ball B(0,R) centered at 0). At each point p of this ball, f admits expansions in terms of appropriately defined 'regular power series centered at p'. The expansion holds in a ball Sigma(p, R-|p|), defined with respect to a (non-Euclidean) distance sigma. We thus say that f is 'sigma-analytic' in B(0,R). Furthermore, we remark that Sigma(p, R-|p|) is not always an Euclidean neighborhood of p; wh…
A new class of regular quaternionic functions, defined by power series in a natural fashion, has been introduced in recent years. Several results of the theory recall the classical complex analysis, whereas other results reflect the peculiarity of the quaternionic structure. A more recent paper identified a larger class of domains, on which the study of regular functions is most natural and not limited to the study of quaternionic power series. In the present paper we extend some basic results concerning the algebraic and topological properties of the zero set to regular functions defined on t…
This is an addition to a series of papers [FL1, FL2, FL3, FL4], where we develop quaternionic analysis from the point of view of representation theory of the conformal Lie group and its Lie algebra. In this paper we develop split quaternionic analogues of certain results from [FL4]. Thus we introduce a space of functions ${\cal D}^h \oplus {\cal D}^a$ with a natural action of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{gl}(2,\mathbb H_{\mathbb C}) \simeq \mathfrak{sl}(4,\mathbb C)$, decompose ${\cal D}^h \oplus {\cal D}^a$ into irreducible components and find the $\mathfrak{gl}(2,\mathbb H_{\mathbb C})$-equiva…
Due to the invalidation of the Gauss-Lucas type result for quaternionic polynomials, we first give in this paper an alternative proof of the Bernstein inequality in $L^{p} (1\leq p \leq+\infty)$ for slice regular polynomials by the Fejér kernel and the Minkowski inequality. Secondly, we extend a result of Ankeny-Rivlin to the quaternionic setting via the Hopf lemma. By the way, some Turan inequalities are established for slice regular polynomials.
In this paper we study left and right n-regular functions that originally were introduced in [FL4]. When n=1, these functions are the usual quaternionic left and right regular functions. We show that n-regular functions satisfy most of the properties of the usual regular functions, including the conformal invariance under the fractional linear transformations by the conformal group and the Cauchy-Fueter type reproducing formulas. Arguably, these Cauchy-Fueter type reproducing formulas for n-regular functions are quaternionic analogues of Cauchy's integral formula for the n-th order pole expres…
We study in detail the zero set of a regular function of a quaternionic or octonionic variable. By means of a division lemma for convergent power series, we find the exact relation existing between the zeros of two octonionic regular functions and those of their product. In the case of octonionic polynomials, we get a strong form of the fundamental theorem of algebra. We prove that the sum of the multiplicities of zeros equals the degree of the polynomial and obtain a factorization in linear polynomials.
A Pair of Multiplication-Type Operators in Quaternionic Analysis and the 2-Cauchy-Fueter Equation
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Anhui Normal University（安徽师范大学数学与统计学院）；Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院数学研究所）
