In this article the concept of mass is analyzed based on the special and general relativity theories and particle (quantum) physics. The mass of a particle (m=E(0)/c^2) is determined by the minimum (rest) energy to create that particle which is invariant under Lorentz transformations. The mass of a bound particle in the any field is described by m<E80)/c^2 and for free particles in the non-relativistic case the relation m=E/c^2 is valid. This relation is not correct in general, and it is wrong to apply it to the radiation and fields. In atoms or nuclei (i.e. if the energies are quantized) the mass of the particles changes discretely. In non-relativistic cases, mass can be considered as a measure of gravitation and inertia.
Comment on "Calculation of the Masses of All Fundamental Elementary Particles with an Accuracy of Approx. 1%" [Journal of Modern Physics, 2010, 1, 300-302]
Top-Quark Mass Data and the Sum of Quasi-Degenerate Neutrino Masses (One small electroweak-bound e-parameter organizes elementary particle 3-flavor phenomenology)
We introduce the gauge-invariant vector dynamics of continuous inertial densities through the metric formalism for extended mechanical charges. Ricci scalar density is related to invariant sum of inertial and gravitational mass densities of nonlocal matter-extension. Such a Cartesian continuum of gravitating inertial densities is self-governed by internal tensor tensions toward a static equilibrium state with a Euclidean material 3-space under the equivalence of inertial and gravitational densities of extended masses. External forces and local frictions transform the self-dynamics of an elemen…
The paper discusses, first, distinctions between gravitational and inertial masses (considered as isotopic field-charge (IFC)siblings of the gravitational field), and the ways, how they modify physical theories, including GTR. It shows that their equivalence does not mean identity. Introduction of qualitatively different mass terms modifies (among others) the gravitational equation. That leads to apparently losing its symmetry. In order to keep the symmetry of the stress-energy tensor, then, the paper identifies a symmetry group by the help of the tau algebra, which is isomorphic with the SU(2…
A goal of physics is to understand the greatest possible breadth of natural phenomena in terms of the most economical set of basic concepts. However, as the understanding of physics has developed historically, its pedagogy and language have not kept pace. This gap handicaps the student and the practitioner, making it harder to learn and apply ideas that are `well understood', and doubtless making it more difficult to see past those ideas to new discoveries. Energy, momentum, and action are archaic concepts representing an unnecessary level of abstraction. Viewed from a modern perspective, thes…
Mass spectrum of localized states (elementary particles) of single quantum system is studied in the framework of Heisenberg's scheme. Localized states are understood as cyclic representations of a group of fundamental symmetry (Lorentz group) within a Gelfand-Neumark-Segal construction. It is shown that state masses of lepton (except the neutrino) and hadron sectors of matter spectrum are proportional to the rest mass of electron with an accuracy of $0,41\%$.
The Newtonian n-Body Problem is modified assuming positive inertial masses but different sign for the interacting force which is assumed with the possibility of two different signs for the gravitational masses, according to the prescription two masses with same sign attract one to the other, two masses of different sign repel one to the other. As in electrostatics the signed mass is called charge. The inertial mass is always positive. The two body problem behaves as the similar Coulomb problem of charged particles with two equal charges. The solution is a central configuration with almost same…
We revisit the problem of a mechanism that generates the mass spectrum of elementary particles. This has vexed physicists for several decades now. In this connection we deduce a formula that gives the masses of all known elementary particles, even though other quantum numbers are suppressed. These considerations become important in view of the LHC which is expected to attain 14 TeV by 2013.
Heat transfer in the SR flow of power, rather than the Newton current of cold masses, provides proper referents for GR geodesic motion of inertial energy and for metric of non-empty space. GR can compare losses of internal energy under speed increases and can explain the attraction law by the body tendency toward equipartition of kinetic energies over internal and external degrees of freedom. Thermodynamic approach numerically describes the cyclic dynamics of the vertical fall to center with the final path deceleration followed by the accelerated rise as an oscillation around the kinetic energ…
We derive the relativistic velocity addition law, the transformations of electromagnetic fields and space-time intervals by examining the drift velocities in a crossed electromagnetic field configuration. The postulate of the light velocity invariance is not taken as a priori, but is derived as the universal upper limit of physical drift velocities. The key is that a physical drift of either an electric charge or a magnetic charge remains a drift motion by inertial reference frame transformations. Such a simple fact is incompatible with the Galilean velocity addition. This derivation provides …
The high-temperature limit of Standard Model generated by the contractions of gauge groups is discussed. Contraction parameters of gauge group $SU(2)$ of Electroweak Model and gauge group $SU(3)$ of Quantum Chromodynamics are taken identical and tending to zero when temperature increase. Properties of the elementary particles change drastically at the infinite temperature limit: all particles lose masses, all quarks are monochromatic. Electroweak interactions become long-range and are mediated by the neutral currents. Particles of different kind do not interact. It looks like some stratificati…
