基本自旋粒子的运动学形式
Kinematical formalism of elementary spinning particles
摘要：
基本粒子的概念是基于这样一种思想：它是一个没有激发态的物理系统，因此粒子的所有可能的运动学状态都只是其中任何一个的运动学修改。描述粒子属性的方法等价于描述处于同一运动状态的连续惯性观测者的集合。基本粒子的运动学状态空间是运动学群的齐次空间。通过考虑最大的齐性空间，伽利略和庞加莱集团，它是如何显示的自旋结构是与不同的自由度。用Feynman的路径积分方法对形式主义进行了量子化，并特别注意满足Dirac方程的经典模型。狄拉克代数与经典的可观测量有关，特别是与方向变量有关。还分析了几种自旋效应。
英文摘要：
The concept of elementary particle rests on the idea that it is a physical system with no excited states, so that all possible kinematical states of the particle are just kinematical modifications of any one of them. The way of describing the particle attributes is equivalent to describe the collection of consecutive inertial observers who describe the particle in the same kinematical state. The kinematical state space of an elementary particle is a homogeneous space of the kinematical group. By considering the largest homogeneous spaces of both, Galilei and Poincaré groups, it is shown how the spin structure is related to the different degrees of freedom. The formalism is quantized by means of Feynman's path integral approach and special attention is paid to the classical model which satisfies Dirac's equation. Dirac's algebra is related to the classical observables, in particular to the orientation variables. Several spin effects are also analyzed.
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