自旋质点荷电中心的运动学
On the kinematics of the centre of charge of a spinning particle
摘要：
在粒子物理学中，大多数经典模型认为基本粒子的质心和电荷中心是同一点。这假定了电荷和质量分布之间的某种特殊关系，而这种关系是无法用实验来检验的。本文给出了三种不同的论证，证明了如果假设不同的点，基本自旋粒子的电荷中心以光速作螺旋运动，则它一般满足一个四阶微分方程。如果假定为一种刚体结构，则对荷电中心的描述也足以描述质心的演化和物体的转动。质心和电荷中心分离的假设对系统的自旋有贡献，也证明了电荷中心的相对运动产生的磁矩的存在。这对应于带电基本粒子的改进模型，而不是点粒子的情况。这意味着描述基本自旋粒子的拉格朗日形式至少要依赖于电荷位置的加速度，才能正确地获得四阶动力学方程。这一结果进行了比较，从一般的拉格朗日形式主义描述自旋粒子的经典狄拉克粒子的描述。
英文摘要：
In particle physics, most of the classical models consider that the centre of mass and centre of charge of an elementary particle, are the same point. This presumes some particular relationship between the charge and mass distribution, a feature which cannot be checked experimentally. In this paper we give three different kinds of arguments suggesting that, if assumed different points, the centre of charge of an elementary spinning particle moves in a helical motion at the speed of light, and it thus satisfies, in general, a fourth order differential equation. If assumed a kind of rigid body structure, it is sufficient the description of the centre of charge to describe also the evolution of the centre of mass and the rotation of the body. This assumption of a separation betwen the centre of mass and centre of charge gives a contribution to the spin of the system and also justifies the existence of a magnetic moment produced by the relative motion of the centre of charge. This corresponds to an improved model of a charged elementary particle, than the point particle case. This means that a Lagrangian formalism for describing elementary spinning particles has to depend, at least, up to the acceleration of the position of the charge, to properly obtain fourth order dynamical equations. This result is compared with the description of a classical Dirac particle obtained from a general Lagrangian formalism for describing spinning particles.
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