O. M. Lecian, G. Montani
On the basis of Fourier duality and Stone-von Neumann theorem, we will examine polymer-quantization techniques and modified uncertainty relations as possible 1-extraD compactification schemes for a phenomenological truncation of the extraD tower.
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Using Lie symmetry methods for differential equations we have investigated the symmetries of a Lagrangian for a plane symmetric static spacetime. Perturbing this Lagrangian we explore its approximate symmetries. It has a non-trivial first-order approximate symmetry.
Noether symmetries from geodetic Lagrangian for time-conformal plane symmetric spacetime are presented. Here, time conformal factor is used to find the approximate Noether symmetries. This is a generalization of the idea discussed by I. Hussain and A. Noether symmetries from geodetic Lagrangian for time-conformal plane symmetric spacetime are presented. Here, time conformal factor is used to find the approximate Noether symmetries. This is a generalization of the idea discussed by I. Hussain and A. Qadir [3,4], where they obtained approximate Noether symmetries from Lagrangian for a particular…
We introduce in the explicit form the tetrads of arbitrary observers in spacetimes with spherical and axial symmetries. The observers confined to the equatorial plane are parametrized by the pair of functions. We apply this description in the analysis of the null-geodesics in the observers' frames. The observers with the constant acceleration are distinguished.
This paper is devoted to investigate the Killing and Noether symmetries of static plane symmetric spacetime. For this purpose, five different cases have been discussed. The Killing and Noether symmetries of Minkwoski spacetime in cartesian coordinates are calculated as a special case and it is found that Lie algebra of the Lagrangian is 10 and 17 dimensional respectively. The symmetries of Taub's universe, anti-deSitter universe, self similar solutions of infinite kind for parallel perfect fluid case and self similar solutions of infinite kind for parallel dust case are also explored. In all t…
In this paper, we study Noether gauge symmetries of geodesic motion for geodesic Lagrangian of four classes of metrics of Gödel-type spacetimes for which we calculated the Noether gauge symmetries for all classes I-IV, and find the first integrals of corresponding classes to derive a complete characterization of the geodesic motion. Using the obtained expressions for $\dot{t}, \dot{r}, \dotϕ$ and $\dot{z}$ of each classes I-IV which depends essentially on two independent parameters $m$ and $w$, we explicitly integrated the geodesic equations of motion for the corresponding Gödel-type spacetime…
The paper contains a brief review of recent results on hidden symmetries in higher dimensional black hole spacetimes. We show how the existence of a principal CKY tensor (that is a closed non-degenerate conformal Killing-Yano 2-form) allows one to generate a `tower' of Killing-Yano and Killing tensors responcible for hidden symmetries. These symmetries imply complete integrability of geodesic equations and the complete separation of variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations in the general Kerr-NUT-(A)dS metrics.
We present a critical review about the study of linear perturbations of matched spacetimes including gauge problems. We analyse the freedom introduced in the perturbed matching by the presence of background symmetries and revisit the particular case of spherically symmetry in n-dimensions. This analysis includes settings with boundary layers such as brane world models and shell cosmologies.
All hypersurface homogeneous locally rotationally symmetric spacetimes which admit conformal symmetries are determined and the symmetry vectors are given explicitly. It is shown that these spacetimes must be considered in two sets. One set containing Ellis Class II and the other containing Ellis Class I, III LRS spacetimes. The determination of the conformal algebra in the first set is achieved by systematizing and completing results on the determination of CKVs in 2+2 decomposable spacetimes. In the second set new methods are developed. The results are applied to obtain the classification of …
Using approximate symmetry methods for differential equations we have investigated the exact and approximate symmetries of a Lagrangian for the geodesic equations in the Kerr spacetime. Taking Minkowski spacetime as the exact case, it is shown that the symmetry algebra of the Lagrangian is 17 dimensional. This algebra is related to the 15 dimensional Lie algebra of conformal isometries of Minkowski spacetime. First introducing spin angular momentum per unit mass as a small parameter we consider first-order approximate symmetries of the Kerr metric as a first perturbation of the Schwarzschild m…
Noether symmetries of the minimal surface Lagrangian for Gödel-type spacetimes
本文研究了戈德尔型时空中四种度规类的最小曲面拉格朗日量的诺ether对称性，并确定了各类对应的守恒场，从而对最小曲面方程进行了全面表征。
In this paper we investigate conformal symmetries in Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) spacetimes using a semitetrad covariant formalism. We demonstrate that a general LRS spacetime which rotates and spatially twists simultaneously has an inherent homothetic symmetry in the plane spanned by the fluid flow lines and the preferred spatial direction. We discuss the nature and consequence of this homothetic symmetry showing that a null Killing horizon arises when the heat flux has an extremal value. We also consider the special case of a perfect fluid and the restriction on the conformal geomet…
We study the structure of the phase space of generic models of deformed special relativity that gives rise to a definition of velocity consistent with the deformed Lorentz symmetry. As a byproduct we also determine the laws of transformation of spacetime coordinates.
Small violations of spacetime symmetries have recently been identified as promising Planck-scale signals. This talk reviews how such violations can arise in various approaches to quantum gravity, how the emergent low-energy effects can be described within the framework of relativistic effective field theories, how suitable tests can be identified, and what sensitivities can be expected in current and near-future experiments.
Recent Progress in Gravity Tests of Spacetime Symmetries
本文概述了基于 Standard-Model Extension 框架的引力时空对称性近期检验进展，指出广泛实验与理论发展有效约束了框架参数，为探索潜在统一物理学理论提供了重要线索。
We present a general scheme for the nonlinear gauge realizations of spacetime groups on coset spaces of the groups considered. In order to show the relevance of the method for the rigorous treatment of the translations in gravitational gauge theories, we apply it in particular to the affine group. This is an illustration of the family of spacetime symmetries having the form of a semidirect product $H\semidirect T$, where $H$ is the stability subgroup and $T$ are the translations . The translational component of the connection behaves like a true tensor under $H$ when coset realizations are inv…
We investigate the approximate Noether gauge symmetries of the geodesic Lagrangian for the Bardeen spacetime model. This is accommodated by a set of new approximate Noether gauge symmetry relations for the perturbed geodesic Lagrangian in the spacetime. A detailed analysis to the spacetime of Bardeen model up to third-order approximate Noether gauge symmetries is presented.
We summarize here the first results obtained using a technique we recently developed for the Noether analysis of Hopf-algebra spacetime symmetries, including the derivation of conserved charges for field theories in noncommutative spacetimes of canonical or kappa-Minkowski type.
A method of solving perfect fluid Einstein equations with two commuting spacelike Killing vectors is presented. Given a spacelike 2-dimensional surface in the 3-dimensional nonphysical Minkowski space the field equations reduce to a single nonlinear differential equation. An example is discussed.
The Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime in the Kaluza-Klein theory represents a localized stationary and axisymmetric object in four dimensions from the Kaluza-Klein viewpoint. That is, it harbors companion electromagnetic and dilaton fields, thereby showing up the signature of the extra fifth dimension. We explore the separability structure of this spacetime and show that the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for geodesics admits the complete separation of variables only for massless geodesics. This implies the existence of the hidden symmetries in the spacetime, which are generated by the conformal Killing tenso…
We consider a class of exact solutions which represent nonexpanding impulsive waves in backgrounds with nonzero cosmological constant. Using a convenient 5-dimensional formalism it is shown that these spacetimes admit at least three global Killing vector fields. The same geometrical approach enables us to find all geodesics in a simple explicit form and describe the effect of impulsive waves on test particles. Timelike geodesics in the axially-symmetric Hotta-Tanaka spacetime are studied in detail. It is also demonstrated that for vanishing cosmological constant, the symmetries and geodesics r…
Symmetries of spacetimes with null dust field as a source compatible with asymptotic flatness are studied by using the Bondi-Sachs-van der Burg formalism. It is shown that in an axially symmetric spacetime with null dust field in which at least locally a smooth null infinity in the sense of Penrose exists, the only allowable additional Killing vector forming with the axial one a two-dimensional Lie algebra (the axial and the additional Killing vector are not assumed to be hypersurface orthogonal) is a supertranslational Killing vector and the gravitational field is then non-radiative (the Weyl…
In the search for exact solutions to Einstein's field equations the main simplification tool is the introduction of spacetime symmetries. Motivated by this fact we develop a method to write the field equations for general matter in a form that fully incorporates the character of the symmetry. The method is being expressed in a covariant formalism using the framework of a double congruence. The basic notion on which it is based is that of the geometrisation of a general symmetry. As a special application of our general method we consider the case of a spacelike conformal Killing vector field on…
We start a systematic investigation of possible isometries of the asymptotically de Sitter solutions to Einstein equations. We reformulate the Killing equation as conformal equations for the initial data at $\mathcal{I}^+$. This allows for partial classification of possible symmetry algebras. In particular, if they are not maximal, they may be at most $4$-dimensional. We provide several examples. As a simple collorary it is shown that the only spacetime in which the Killing horizon intersects $\mathcal{I}^+$ (after a conformal completion) is locally the de Sitter universe.
In this paper we discuss matter inheritance collineations by giving a complete classification of spherically symmetric static spacetimes by their matter inheritance symmetries. It is shown that when the energy-momentum tensor is degenerate, most of the cases yield infinite dimensional matter inheriting symmetries. It is worth mentioning here that two cases provide finite dimensional matter inheriting vectors even for the degenerate case. The non-degenerate case provides finite dimensional matter inheriting symmetries. We obtain different constraints on the energy-momentum tensor in each case. …
In recent papers [1-3], we have discussed matter symmetries of non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes, static plane symmetric spacetimes and cylindrically symmetric static spacetimes. These have been classified for both cases when the energy-momentum tensor is non-degenerate and also when it is degenerate. Here we add up some consequences and the missing references about the Ricci tensor.
We consider the Einstein equations coupled to an ultrastiff perfect fluid and prove the existence of a family of solutions with an initial singularity whose structure is that of explicit isotropic models. This family of solutions is `generic' in the sense that it depends on as many free functions as a general solution, i.e., without imposing any symmetry assumptions, of the Einstein-Euler equations. The method we use is a that of a Fuchsian reduction.
We investigate matter symmetries of cylindrically symmetric static spacetimes. These are classified for both cases when the energy-momentum tensor is non-degenerate and also when it is degenerate. It is found that the non-degenerate energy-momentum tensor gives either three, four, five, six, seven or ten independent matter collineations in which three are isometries and the rest are proper. The worth mentioning cases are those where we obtain the group of matter collineations finite-dimensional even the energy-momentum tensor is degenerate. These are either three, four, five or ten. Some examp…
A notion of geometric symmetry is introduced that generalizes the classical concepts of Killing fields and other affine collineations. There is a sense in which flows under these new vector fields minimize deformations of the connection near a specified observer. Any exact affine collineations that may exist are special cases. The remaining vector fields can all be interpreted as analogs of Poincare and other well-known symmetries near timelike worldlines. Approximate conservation laws generated by these objects are discussed for both geodesics and extended matter distributions. One example is…
We analyze type I vacuum solutions admitting an isometry whose Killing 2--form is aligned with a principal bivector of the Weyl tensor, and we show that these solutions belong to a family of type I metrics which admit a group $G_3$ of isometries. We give a classification of this family and we study the Bianchi type for each class. The classes compatible with an aligned Killing 2--form are also determined. The Szekeres-Brans theorem is extended to non vacuum spacetimes with vanishing Cotton tensor.
In this paper we use Noether symmetries of the geodesic Lagrangian in Bianchi V spacetimes to study various cosmological solutions of Einstein's field equations. Our first result is the identification of the subalgebras of Noether symmetries of the equations of motions in such spacetimes with dimension 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 or 10 of the maximal algebra of Lie point symmetries of dimension 13. Secondly we give physical interpretation of new cosmological solutions which satisfy positive energy condition and yield critical bounds on the expansion coefficient $α$, in which the underlying non-flat spacetim…
The curved spacetime geometry of a system of two point masses moving on a circular orbit has a helical symmetry. We show how Kepler's third law for circular motion, and its generalization in post-Newtonian theory, can be recovered from a simple, covariant condition on the norm of the associated helical Killing vector field. This unusual derivation can be used to illustrate some concepts of prime importance in a general relativity course, including those of Killing field, covariance, coordinate dependence, and gravitational redshift.
Generalized symmetries of the Einstein equations are infinitesimal transformations of the spacetime metric that formally map solutions of the Einstein equations to other solutions. The infinitesimal generators of these symmetries are assumed to be local, \ie at a given spacetime point they are functions of the metric and an arbitrary but finite number of derivatives of the metric at the point. We classify all generalized symmetries of the vacuum Einstein equations in four spacetime dimensions and find that the only generalized symmetry transformations consist of: (i) constant scalings of the m…
We consider a massless scalar field propagating in a weakly curved spacetime whose metric is a solution to the linearized Einstein field equations. The spacetime is assumed to be stationary and asymptotically flat, but no other symmetries are imposed -- the spacetime can rotate and deviate strongly from spherical symmetry. We prove that the late-time behavior of the scalar field is identical to what it would be in a spherically-symmetric spacetime: it decays in time according to an inverse power-law, with a power determined by the angular profile of the initial wave packet (Price falloff theor…
This talk discusses the relation between spacetime-dependent scalars, such as couplings or fields, and the violation of Lorentz symmetry. A specific cosmological supergravity model demonstrates how scalar fields can acquire time-dependent expectation values. Within this cosmological background, excitations of these scalars are governed by a Lorentz-breaking dispersion relation. The model also contains couplings of the scalars to the electrodynamics sector leading to the time dependence of both the fine-structure parameter alpha and the theta angle. Through these couplings, the variation of the…
$\mathcal{HH}$ spaces of type $[\textrm{N}] \otimes [\textrm{N}]$ with twisting congruence of null geodesics defined by the 4-fold undotted and dotted Penrose spinors are investigated. It is assumed that these spaces admit two homothetic symmetries. The general form of the homothetic vector fields are found. New coordinates are introduced which enable us to reduce the $\mathcal{HH}$ system of PDEs to one ODE on one holomorphic function. In a special case this is a second-order ODE and its general solution is explicitly given. In the generic case one gets rather involved fifth-order ODE.
Symmetries compatible with asymptotic flatness and admitting gravitational and electromagnetic radiation are studied by using the Bondi-Sachs-van der Burg formalism. It is shown that in axially symmetric electrovacuum spacetimes in which at least locally a smooth null infinity in the sense of Penrose exists, the only second allowable symmetry is either the translational symmetry or the boost symmetry. Translationally invariant spacetimes with in general a straight "cosmic string" along the axis of symmetry are non-radiative although they can have a non-vanishing news function. The boost-rotati…
The Noether symmetry approach is useful tool to restrict the arbitrariness in a gravity theory when the equations of motion are underdetermined due to the high number of functions to be determined in the ansatz. We consider two scalar-coupled theories of gravity, one motivated by induced gravity, the other more standard; in Bianchi I, Bianchi III and Kantowski-Sachs cosmological models. For these models, we present a full set of Noether gauge symmetries, which are more general than those obtained by the strict Noether symmetry approach in our recent work. Some exact solutions are derived using…
Regularizing Parameterized Black Hole Spacetimes with Kerr Symmetries
针对参数化 Kerr 时空在无穷远 Taylor 截断后可能产生非物理度规发散的问题，本文通过重定义任意函数消除发散，并提出仅含一至两个任意函数、可精确再现多个已知黑洞解的受限类别，还分析了其 Petrov 类型、振铃频率与阴影形状。
All the Lie point symmetries of the near extremal horizon geometry equation, in the case of 4-dimensional Einstein vacuum spacetime with cosmological constant, are the diffeomorphisms of the space of the null generators of the horizon. This result is also generalised to the Maxwell-Einstein spacetime.
In this paper we excavate, for the first time, the most general class of conformal Killing vectors, that lies in the two dimensional subspace described by the null and radial co-ordinates, that are admitted by the generalised Vaidya geometry. Subsequently we find the most general class of generalised Vaidya mass functions that give rise to such conformal symmetry. From our analysis it is clear that why some well known subclasses of generalised Vaidya geometry, like pure Vaidya or charged Vaidya solutions, admit only homothetic Killing vectors but no proper conformal Killing vectors with non co…
When developing a quantum theory for a physical system, one determines the system's symmetry group and its irreducible unitary representations. For Minkowski space, the symmetry group is the Poincaré group, $\mathbb{R}^4 \rtimes \text{O}(1,3)$, and the irreducible unitary representations are interpreted as elementary particles which determine the particle's mass and spin. We determine the symmetry group for Milne-like spacetimes, a class of cosmological spacetimes, to be $\mathbb{R} \times \text{O}(1,3)$ and classify their irreducible unitary representations. Again they represent particles wit…
Through this article, I will overview the use of Noether symmetry approach in discussing the integration of geodesic equations for the geodesic Lagrangians of spacetimes. I will also give some examples to reveal the efficiency of Noether symmetry approach by finding the first integrals related for the geodesic Lagrangians of the Gödel-type, Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström and Kerr spacetimes. After obtaining the approximate Noether symmetries of the Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordström and Kerr spacetimes, the first integrals associated with each of approximate Noether symmetries have been inte…
Symmetries of geometrical and physical quantities in general relativity provide important information about the curvature structure of the spacetimes. Symmetries of the curvature and the Weyl tensors, known as curvature and Weyl collineations respectively, are two of such important symmetries. Some results on these symmetries for Bianchi type V spacetimes are discussed.
We prove that the electromagnetic field in a (1+2)-dimensional spacetime necessarily inherits the symmetries of the spacetime metric in a large class of generalized Einstein-Maxwell theories. The Lagrangians of the studied theories have general diff-covariant gravitational part and include both the gravitational and the gauge Chern-Simons terms.
How to include spacetime translations in fibre bundle gauge theories has been a subject of controversy, because spacetime symmetries are not internal symmetries of the bundle structure group. The standard method for including affine symmetry in differential geometry is to define a Cartan connection on an affine bundle over spacetime. This is equivalent to (1) defining an affine connection on the affine bundle, (2) defining a zero section on the associated affine vector bundle, and (3) using the affine connection and the zero section to define an "associated solder form," whose lift to a tensor…
Generalized Vaidya spacetime: horizons, conformal symmetries, surface gravity and diagonalization
本文系统研究广义 Vaidya 时空的视界位置、测地线修正、共形对称性、运动常数、度规对角化及尘埃与刚性流体情形的表面引力。
We explore spacetime symmetries and topologies of the two metric sectors in Hassan-Rosen bimetric theory. We show that, in vacuum, the two sectors can either share or have separate spacetime symmetries. If stress-energy tensors are present, a third case can arise, with different spacetime symmetries within the same sector. This raises the question of the best definition of spacetime symmetry in Hassan-Rosen bimetric theory. We emphasize the possibility of imposing ansätze and looking for solutions having different Killing vector fields or different isometries in the two sectors, which has gain…
These are introductory notes on the study of the Dirac equation in curved spacetime and its relation to hidden symmetries of the dynamics. We present general results on the relation between special spacetime tensors and hidden symmetries, both for the full Dirac equation and for its semi-classical limit, the spinning particle. A concrete application of the general results is provided by the case of rotating higher dimensional black holes with cosmological constant, which we discuss. For these metrics the Dirac equation is separable and the relation between this and hidden symmetries is explain…
We present a novel approach in constructing deviations of the Kerr spacetime whereas the symmetries can be preserved. The method was applied trivially in all known classical black-hole spacetimes tested, while provides the possibility of testing and inventing deformations of Kerr in a quick and innovative way. The methodology is based on earlier work by Benenti and Francaviglia (1979) on separability of geodesic equations while we exploited the elegant properties of Yano tensor in order to provide an additional way of getting the Carter constant.
The Kerr spacetime in Kaluza-Klein theory describes a rotating black hole in four dimensions from the Kaluza-Klein point of view and involves the signature of an extra dimension that shows up through the appearance of the electric and dilaton charges. In this paper, we study the separability properties of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for geodesics and the associated hidden symmetries in the spacetime of the Kerr-Kaluza-Klein black hole. We show that the complete separation of variables occurs only for massless geodesics, implying the existence of hidden symmetries generated by a second rank co…
In the last decades, noncommutative spacetimes and their deformed relativistic symmetries have usually been studied in the context of field theory, replacing the ordinary Minkowski background with an algebra of noncommutative coordinates. However, spacetime noncommutativity can also be introduced into single-particle covariant quantum mechanics, replacing the commuting operators representing the particle's spacetime coordinates with noncommuting ones. In this paper we provide a full characterization of a wide class of physically sensible single-particle noncommutative spacetime models and the …
A new method is presented for finding Killing tensors in spacetimes with symmetries. The method is used to find all the Killing tensors of Melvin's magnetic universe and the Schwarzschild vacuum. We show that they are all trivial. The method requires less computation than solving the full Killing tensor equations directly, and it can be used even when the spacetime is not algebraically special.
Probing Spacetime Symmetries Using Gravitational Wave Ringdown
该研究针对广义相对论中黑洞Kerr解的时空对称性检验问题，通过分析双黑洞并合后的铃振信号识别偏离特征，利用GW150914数据约束偏离量，提出了引力波检验时空对称性的新方法。
We present a brief overview of black hole spacetimes admitting Killing-Yano tensors. In vacuum these include Kerr-NUT-(A)dS metrics and certain black brane solutions. In the presence of matter fields, (conformal) Killing-Yano symmetries are known to exist for the Plebanski-Demianski solution and (trivially) for any spacetime with spherical symmetry. Special attention is devoted to generalized Killing-Yano tensors of black holes in minimal gauged supergravity. Several aspects directly related to the existence of Killing-Yano tensors, such as the Kerr-Schild form, algebraic type of spacetimes, a…
Gauge theories of conformal spacetime symmetries are presented which merge features of Yang-Mills theory and general relativity in a new way. The models are local but nonpolynomial in the gauge fields, with a nonpolynomial structure that can be elegantly written in terms of a metric (or vielbein) composed of the gauge fields. General relativity itself emerges from the construction as a gauge theory of spacetime translations. The role of the models within a general classification of consistent interactions of gauge fields is discussed as well.
We prove that if a stationary, real analytic, asymptotically flat vacuum black hole spacetime of dimension $n\geq 4$ contains a non-degenerate horizon with compact cross sections that are transverse to the stationarity generating Killing vector field then, for each connected component of the black hole's horizon, there is a Killing field which is tangent to the generators of the horizon. For the case of rotating black holes, the stationarity generating Killing field is not tangent to the horizon generators and therefore the isometry group of the spacetime is at least two dimensional. Our proof…
We explore the symmetries of classical stationary spacetimes in terms of the dynamics of a spinning string described by a worldsheet supersymmetric action. We show that for stationary configurations of the string, the action reduces to that for a pseudo-classical spinning point particle in an effective space, which is a conformally scaled quotient space of the original spacetime. As an example, we consider the stationary spinning string in the Kerr-Newman spacetime, whose motion is equivalent to that of the spinning point particle in the three-dimensional effective space. We present the Killin…
In this paper we give a complete classification of spherically symmetric static space-times by their Noether symmetries. The determining equations for Noether symmetries are obtained by using the usual Lagrangian of a general spherically symmetric static spacetime which are integrated for each case. In particular we observe that spherically symmetric static spacetimes are categorized into six distinct classes corresponding to Noether algebra of dimensions 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 17. Using Noether`s theorem we also write down the first integrals for each class of such spacetimes corresponding to the…
The coset construction is a powerful tool for building theories that non-linearly realize symmetries. We show that when the symmetry group is not semisimple and includes spacetime symmetries, different parametrizations of the coset space can prefer different Goldstones as essential or inessential, due to the group's Levi decomposition. This leads to inequivalent physics. In particular, we construct a theory of a scalar and vector Goldstones living in de Sitter spacetime and non-linearly realizing the Poincaré group. Either Goldstone can be seen as inessential and removed in favor of the other,…
We revise and generalize the properties of the electric and the magnetic scalar potentials in spacetimes admitting a Killing vector field: Their constancy on the Killing horizons, uniqueness of solution for the electromagnetic test fields and the relation between the Bianchi identity and Maxwell's equations. In each of these examples, collinearity of currents with the Killing vector field is shown to be the crucial property.
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