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arXiv 0802.1318quant-ph
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量子结

Quantum knots

Miloslav Znojil

摘要:

众所周知,除了量子力学物理希尔伯特空间的等价表示(通常是傅立叶变换)之间的通常酉映射$Ω= 1/Ω^\dagger$之外,广义非酉映射$Ω\neq 1/Ω^\dagger$也有助于简化分析。我们采用标准狄拉克符号,并以Buslaev和Grecchi的排斥四次振子哈密顿量为例。然后,我们提出了类似类型的模型的全新类别,其特征在于(显然,不可观察!)的路径${\cal C}$的复杂化。“坐标”。最后,我们选取了一个精确可解的无势薛定谔方程作为例子。其中,动态(即,在我们的例子中,传统势$V(x)$的限制作用被${\cal C}$的拓扑非平凡形状所取代。我们的结构唤起了物理学中几个新的开放性问题(${\cal PT}-$对称波包在一个单一的能量?)以及在数学中(量子力学的三希尔伯特空间广义公式?)。

英文摘要:

It is known that besides the usual unitary mappings $Ω= 1/Ω^\dagger$ between the equivalent representations of the physical Hilbert space of Quantum Mechanics (often, Fourier transformations), the generalized non-unitary maps $Ω\neq 1/Ω^\dagger$ can also help to simplify the analysis. We adapt the standard Dirac's notation and recollect the Buslaev's and Grecchi's repulsive quartic oscillator Hamiltonian as an example. Then we propose the whole new class of the models of the similar type, characterized by a complexification of the path ${\cal C}$ of the (obviously, not observable!) "coordinates". An exactly solvable potentialless Schrödinger equation is finally chosen for illustration. In it, the dynamical (i.e., in our example, confining) role of the traditional potentials $V(x)$ is shown to be taken over by the mere topologically nontrivial shape of ${\cal C}$. Our construction evokes several new open questions in physics (${\cal PT}-$symmetric wave packets at a single energy?) as well as in mathematics (a three-Hilbert-space generalized formulation of Quantum Mechanics?).

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