Performance of two decoy-state quantum cryptography protocols in earth-satellite links
L. Moli, A. Rodriguez, G. Seco-Granados
这篇论文已被作者撤回。它将在提交给期刊后再次发表。
This paper has been withdrawn by the author. It will be published again after submission to a journal.
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General theory of decoy-state quantum cryptography with source errors
现有的诱骗态量子密码理论假设Alice的信源可以精确控制每个态。这种精确的控制在实践中是不可能的。我们发展了诱骗状态方法的理论，使得即使信源存在状态误差，只要已知状态中的几个参数的范围，诱骗状态方法也是无条件安全的。该理论简化了诱骗态量子密钥分发的实际实现，因为即使脉冲的微小错误不被纠正，也可以用稍微缩短的最终密钥实现无条件安全。
Robust quantum cryptography with a heralded single-photon source based on the decoy-state method
在本文中，我们描述了一个鲁棒的量子密码方案与一个预示单光子源的基础上的诱骗态方法，已被证明是由数值模拟相比，许多其他的实际方案，不仅在安全的密钥生成速率，而且安全的传输距离是有利的。我们对该方案进行了实验验证，结果很好地支持了数值模拟的结论。虽然我国现有的系统还存在许多不足，但仍足以证明该方案的优越性。此外，即使考虑到成本和技术的可行性，我们的方案仍然是相当有前途的实现未来的量子密码。
We present a secure network communication system that operated with decoy-state quantum cryptography in a real-world application scenario. The full key exchange and application protocols were performed in real time among three nodes, in which two adjacent nodes were connected by approximate 20 km of commercial telecom optical fiber. The generated quantum keys were immediately employed and demonstrated for communication applications, including unbreakable real-time voice telephone between any two of the three communication nodes, or a broadcast from one node to the other two nodes by using one-…
A decoy-state protocol for quantum cryptography with 4 intensities of coherent states
为了抵抗任何类型的光子数分裂攻击，我们提出了一种使用4种不同强度的脉冲的量子密钥分发协议。它们是平均光子数为$μ,μ'$和$μ_s$的真空态和相干态。$μ_s$在0.55左右，并且这类脉冲被用作主信号状态。另外两类相干态（$μ,μ'$）也是常用的信号态，但它们的计数率应与真空一起研究。我们已经表明，在给定实践中的典型设置的情况下，在给定$10^{-4}$的小的总透射率的情况下，来自主信号脉冲的关键速率非常接近于理论上允许的最大速率。
Security of decoy-state quantum key distribution with inexactly controlled source
在误差不太大的条件下，证明了无论采用何种强度的误差模式，诱骗态方法量子密码都是无条件安全的。我们的结果直接适用于现有的实验数据。我们的结果并不局限于相干态。
We show how to calculate the fraction of single photon counts of the 3-intensity decoy-state quantum cryptography faithfully with both statistical fluctuations and source errors. Our results only rely on the bound values of a few parameters of the states of pulses.
Quantum cryptography: theory and practice
在量子密钥分发（QKD）实验中，广泛使用的是一种产生弱相干态的高衰减激光脉冲。弱相干态具有多光子成分，这为复杂的窃听者打开了安全漏洞。通过对硬件的微小调整，我们证明了诱饵态方法可以弥补这个漏洞，并大大提高QKD的性能。我们还提出了一些实用的诱饵状态协议，研究统计波动和进行实验演示。此外，我们还将基于双向经典通信的纠缠蒸馏协议中的方法应用于诱饵态量子密钥分发的性能改进。此外，我们还研究了其他单光子源的诱骗态方法，如触发参量下转换（PDC）源。我们提出了一种基于PDC源的基于纠缠的QKD模型和后处理方案。虽然提出的模型来研究基于纠缠的QKD，我们强调，我们的通用模型也可能是有用的其他非QKD实验涉及PDC源。通过模拟真实的PDC实验，我们证明了基于纠缠的QKD方案比基于单光子的QKD方案可以获得更长的最大安全距离。我们提出了一种利用量子密钥分发系统中两个单光子探测器效率失配的时移攻击。这种窃听策略可以通过现有技术实现。本文还讨论了针对这种攻击的对策，并研究了一个采用高效失配检测器的量子密钥分配系统的安全性。
Enhanced Analysis for the Decoy-State Method
本研究针对有限数据量下量子密钥分发中诱骗态方法的密钥率估算难题，改进了密钥率界并提出增强型统计波动分析框架，经数值模拟验证可提升密钥生成速率，且可推广至其他线性关系的量子信息处理任务。
Quantum key distribution (QKD) takes advantage of fundamental properties of quantum physics to allow two distant parties to share a secret key; however, QKD is hampered by a distance limitation of a few hundred kilometers on earth. The most immediate solution for global coverage is to use a satellite, which can receive separate QKD transmissions from two or more ground stations and act as a trusted node to link these ground stations. In this article, we report a system capable of performing QKD in the high loss regime expected in an uplink to a satellite using weak coherent pulses and decoy st…
Beating the PNS attack in practical quantum cryptography
在实际的量子密钥分发中，通常采用弱相干态，信道的透过率可以很小，因此在光子数分裂攻击下协议是完全不安全的。我们提出了一个有效的方法来验证的分数计数的上限所造成的多光子脉冲从爱丽丝传输到鲍勃，无论夏娃的行动类型。该协议简单地使用两个相干态作为信号脉冲，真空作为诱饵脉冲。我们验证的上限是足够紧的QKD与非常有损信道，在渐近和非渐近的情况下。平均光子数为0.2 ~ 0.5的相干态可用于实际的量子密码学。我们表明，到目前为止，我们的协议是$only$诱饵状态协议，真正适用于目前现有的设置。
Decoy-state protocols provide a way to defeat photon-number splitting attacks in quantum cryptography implemented with weak coherent pulses. We point out that previous security analyses of such protocols relied on assumptions about eavesdropping attacks that considered treating each pulse equally and independently. We give an example to demonstrate that, without such assumptions, the security parameters of previous decoy-state implementations could be worse than the ones claimed. Next we consider more general photon-number splitting attacks, which correlate different pulses, and give an estima…
Quantum cryptography or, more precisely, quantum key distribution (QKD), is one of the advanced areas in the field of quantum technologies. The confidentiality of keys distributed with the use of QKD protocols is guaranteed by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. This paper is devoted to the decoy state method, a countermeasure against vulnerabilities caused by the use of coherent states of light for QKD protocols whose security is proved under the assumption of single-photon states. We give a formal security proof of the decoy state method against all possible attacks. We compare two wi…
The BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) combined with decoy-state method is currently the most practical protocol, which has been proved secure against general attacks in the finite-key regime. Thereinto, statistical fluctuation analysis methods are very important in dealing with finite-key effects, which directly affect secret key rate, secure transmission distance and even the most important security. There are two tasks of statistical fluctuation in decoy-state BB84 QKD. One is the deviation between expected value and observed value for a given expected value or observed value. The other is…
Quantum Decoys
Alice与在$\{\ket{j}\}_{j=1..n}$（规范正交基）中均匀绘制的单词进行通信。然而，有时爱丽丝会在她的信息之间插入量子诱饵$\{\frac{\ket{j}+i\ket{k}}{\sqrt{2}}\}$。这种可能的词的成对叠加不能与信息词区分开来。因此，当邪恶的夏娃观察量子信道时，她冒着破坏叠加态的风险（通过引起坍缩）。在接收端，诚实的鲍勃，我们假设他被警告了量子诱饵的分布，用测量来检查它们的完整性。目前的工作建立，在个人攻击的情况下，夏娃的信息增益（她的机会，如果一个消息字被发送，猜测）和她引起的干扰（鲍勃的机会，如果一个量子诱饵被发送，检测篡改）之间的权衡。除了安全信道协议，量子诱饵似乎是一个强大的原始构造n维量子密码的应用。此外，本文所采用的方法应该会引起任何关心量子力学中关于一个系统可以获得多少信息，以及这将对系统产生多大干扰的古老而基本的问题的人的强烈兴趣。关键词：d级密码体制
Security proof for quantum cryptography against entanglement-measurement attack
本文提出利用两种窃听检查方法证明量子密码对抗纠缠测量攻击的安全性，通过最大纠缠态协议演示证明过程。
In this article we present a new prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocol that decouples the necessary quantum channel error estimation from its dependency on sifting, or otherwise post-selecting, the detection outcomes. Rather than estimating Eve's coupling to the quantum channel from the statistics of the sifted key, we infer this information from weak measurements made equally on all of the received photons immediately prior to post-selection by the photon detectors. We prove that the accuracy of the weak measurement parameter estimation is robust to reasonable device imperfect…
Micius, the world's first quantum communication satellite, was hackable
本文通过分析“墨子号”卫星与地面站的实验数据，发现星上八个激光二极管间存在超过100皮秒的时间失同步，攻击者可借此在至少98.7%的情况下区分诱骗态与信号态，从而揭示该量子通信卫星存在可被利用的侧信道安全漏洞。
To implement the BB84 decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol over a lossy ground-satellite quantum uplink requires a source that has high repetition rate of short laser pulses, long term stability, and no phase correlations between pulses. We present a new type of telecom optical polarization and amplitude modulator, based on a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, coupled to a polarization-preserving sum-frequency generation (SFG) optical setup, generating 532 nm photons with modulated polarization and amplitude states. The weak coherent pulses produced by SFG meet …
Optimization of Information Reconciliation for Decoy-State Quantum Key Distribution over a Satellite Downlink Channel
本文针对低地球轨道卫星下行链路QKD密钥生成量少的问题，通过建立包含链路几何、闪烁效应和诱骗态信号强度的时变QBER精确模型，优化信息协调效率，使诱骗态BB84协议的安全密钥长度在现实场景下提升近3%。
Position-based quantum cryptography (PBQC) allows a party to use its geographical location as its only credential to implement various cryptographic protocols. Such a protocol may lead to important applications in practice. Although it has been shown that any PBQC protocol is breakable if the adversaries pre-share an arbitrarily large entangled state, the security of PBQC in the bounded-quantum-storage model is still an open question. In this paper, we study the performance of various PBQC protocols over a lossy channel under the assumption that no entanglement is pre-shared between adversarie…
Efficient quantum cryptography network without entanglement and quantum memory
提出了一种利用d维偏振光子的量子密码网络协议，该协议不需要纠缠和量子存储。Alice说，网络上的服务器提供了准备和测量初始状态为|0>。用户通过一些幺正操作对单光子上的信息进行编码。为了防止不可信的服务器Alice窃听量子线路，在用户之间传输量子信号的过程中使用了非正交编码技术（诱骗光子技术）。该协议不需要服务器和用户存储量子态，几乎所有的单光子都可以用来携带信息，这使得它比现有技术的其他协议更便于应用。我们还讨论了微弱的激光脉冲的情况下。
Practical quantum cryptography for secure free-space communications
量子密码学是一种新兴技术，其中双方可以使用光的量子态的传输来同时生成共享的秘密密码密钥材料。这些传输的安全性是基于量子力学定律的不可侵犯性和信息理论上安全的后处理方法。由于海森堡的不确定原理，对手既不能成功地窃听量子传输，也不能逃避检测。在本文中，我们描述了量子密码学的理论，以及我们的实验性自由空间系统的最新结果，我们首次证明了在日光下通过点对点室外大气路径生成量子密钥的可行性。我们实现了0.5 km的传输距离，这仅受测试范围长度的限制。我们的研究结果提供了强有力的证据，证明加密密钥材料可以在地面站和卫星之间（或两颗卫星之间）按需生成，允许卫星在轨道上安全地重新加密。我们提出了一个可行性分析的表面到卫星的量子密钥生成。
The binary (one-bit-per-photon) encoding that most existing quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols employ puts a fundamental limit on their achievable key rates, especially under high channel loss conditions associated with long-distance fiber-optic or satellite-to-ground links. Inspired by the pulse-position-modulation (PPM) approach to photon-starved classical communications, we design and demonstrate the first PPM-QKD, whose security against collective attacks is established through continuous-variable entanglement measurements that also enable a novel decoy-state protocol performed conve…
From Received Power to Certified Secret Keys: A General Method for Bridging Classical FSO Link Budgets and Decoy-State QKD
本文提出一种通用接口，将经典自由空间光链路预算与诱骗态量子密钥分发相连接，实现从接收功率到可认证密钥的转换，并通过数值模拟给出不同大气条件下的性能预测。
The establishment of quantum communication links over a global scale is enabled by satellite nodes. We examine the influence of Earth's atmosphere on the performance of quantum optical communication channels with emphasis on the downlink scenario. We derive the geometrical path length between a moving low Earth orbit satellite and an optical ground station as a function of the ground observer's zenith angle, his geographical latitude, and the meridian inclination angle of the satellite. We show that the signal distortions due to regular atmospheric refraction, atmospheric absorption, and turbu…
Enhancing secure key rates of satellite QKD using a quantum dot single-photon source
针对卫星QKD中弱相干脉冲源因多光子发射限制密钥率的问题，提出采用低多光子发射的半导体量子点单光子源，实验验证其在相同条件下密钥量更优，效率提升后性能可高出近一个数量级，为高损耗信道下的卫星量子安全通信提供新方案。
In this paper we present a novel analysis of the feasibility of quantum key distribution between a LEO satellite and a ground station. First of all, we study signal propagation through a turbulent atmosphere for uplinks and downlinks, discussing the contribution of beam spreading and beam wandering. Then we introduce a model for the background noise of the channel during night-time and day-time, calculating the signal-to-noise ratio for different configurations. We also discuss the expected error-rate due to imperfect polarization-compensation in the channel. Finally, we calculate the expected…
Quantum Keyless Private Communication with Decoy States for Space Channels
本文提出带最优诱饵态的无密钥量子保密通信协议，分析 OOK/BPSK 探测场景，并证明在高损耗星间链路中仍可保证正保密容量。
Practical Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Analysis (Part One)
我们执行一个全面的分析，在实际的物理环境中实现的实际量子密码（QC）系统，通过自由空间或光纤电缆量子信道的地面-地面，地面-卫星，空中-卫星和卫星-卫星链路。(1)我们得到了普遍的表达式的有效保密能力和速率的QC系统考虑到三个重要的攻击个人量子比特，包括显式的封闭形式的表达式所需的隐私放大量。我们的分析还包括显式计算的总成本在比特的连续认证的详细信息，从而获得新的结果，实际的密码的有限长度。(2)我们第一次执行一个详细的，明确的分析，由于传播，错误，噪声等所有系统的损失，适当的光纤电缆和卫星通信为基础的实施质量控制。(3)我们计算的第一次所有的系统负载成本与经典的通信和计算的限制，是辅助的，但必不可少的执行，纯QC协议本身。(4)我们介绍了一个扩展的Bennett-Bennett（BB84）QC协议，同样提供无条件的保密性，但允许针对特定的密码分析攻击的吞吐率优化的可能性的推广家庭。(5)我们得到普遍的预测，可以实现与实际的系统设计在现实的环境条件下的最大速率。(6)我们提出了一个具体的QC系统设计，其中包括使用一种新的方法，高速光子检测，可能能够实现非常高的吞吐率，在现实环境中的实际实现。
Experimental decoy-state asymmetric measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution over a turbulent high-loss channel
针对湍流高损耗自由空间中的非对称 MDI-QKD，本文用 AOM 模拟信道变化，并结合 7 强度优化与 P-RTS 提升有限尺寸条件下的安全密钥率。
Global quantum communications will enable long-distance secure data transfer, networked distributed quantum information processing, and other entanglement-enabled technologies. Satellite quantum communication overcomes optical fibre range limitations, with the first realisations of satellite quantum key distribution (SatQKD) being rapidly developed. However, limited transmission times between satellite and ground station severely constrains the amount of secret key due to finite-block size effects. Here, we analyse these effects and the implications for system design and operation, utilising p…
Quantum key distribution is an effective encryption technique which can be used to perform secure quantum communication between satellite and ground stations. Quantum cryptography enhances security in various networks such as optical fibers and wireless networks. In addition to this, these networks become vulnerable in presence of high attenuation due to atmospheric effects and noise. Hence, errors occur due to decoherence. The noisy quantum channel is modeled and implemented by the redundancy-free quantum error correction scheme which provides better security and throughput efficiency as show…
Exploring Satellite Quantum Key Distribution under Atmospheric Constraints
针对大气湍流对卫星量子密钥分发链路的影响，提出基于角谱传播和相位屏的数值模拟框架，量化链路预算与安全密钥率，评估不同距离下自由空间光量子密钥分发的可行性。
In state-of-the-art quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, the main limiting factor in increasing the key generation rate is the timing resolution in detecting photons. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a strategy to overcome this limitation, also for high-loss and long-distance implementations. We exploit the intrinsic wavelength correlations of entangled photons using wavelength multiplexing to generate a quantum secure key from polarization entanglement. The presented approach can be integrated into both fiber- and satellite-based quantum-communication schemes, without any ch…
Security of quantum key distribution with passive basis choice and detection-efficiency mismatch for a realistic satellite setup
本文针对真实卫星QKD场景中探测效率失配显著的问题，提出适配诱骗态方法的被动基选择BB84协议秘密密钥率精确估计方法，为墨子号卫星与兹韦尼哥罗德地面站间QKD实验提供密钥率估计。
Continuous variable quantum cryptography has developed rapidly in recent decades, but how to verify identity in the continuous variable quantum system is still an urgent issue to be solved. To solve this problem, we propose a continuous variable quantum identification (CV-QI) protocol based on the correlation of two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the continuous variable teleportation. The bidirectional identity verification between two participants of the communication can be achieved by the proposed CV-QI protocol. In order to guarantee the security, we make full use of the decoy state sequen…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a concept of secret key exchange supported by fundamentals of quantum physics. Its perfect realization offers unconditional key security, however, known practical schemes are potentially vulnerable if the quantum channel loss exceeds a certain realization-specific bound. This discrepancy is caused by the fact that any practical photon source has a non-zero probability of emitting two or more photons at a time, while theory needs exactly one. We report an essentially different QKD scheme based on both quantum physics and theory of relativity. It works flawlessl…
Quantum key distribution (QKD), provides the only intrinsically unconditional secure method for communication based on principle of quantum mechanics. Compared with fiber-based demonstrations-, free-space links could provide the most appealing solution for much larger distance. Despite of significant efforts, so far all realizations rely on stationary sites. Justifications are therefore extremely crucial for applications via a typical Low Earth Orbit Satellite (LEOS). To achieve direct and full-scale verifications, we demonstrate here three independent experiments with a decoy-state QKD system…
Theoretical study of polarization tracking in satellite quantum key distribution
自由空间量子密钥分发通常采用基于偏振编码的BB84和B92协议。偏振跟踪技术是星载量子密钥分发的关键技术之一。由于卫星的运动会改变光子的偏振态，因此发射机和接收机都需要具有跟踪偏振方向变化的能力，以实现量子密码协议。分析了基于法拉第效应和半波片的偏振跟踪原理。给出了6种光子偏振态在3种共轭基中的变换，分析了BB84和B92协议中基于偏振跟踪的量子密钥编码原理。
Atmospheric free space and fiber have been widely exploited as the channels for quantum communication, and have enabled inter-continent and inter-city applications. Air-sea free-space channel, being capable of linking the satellite-based quantum resource and underwater vehicle, has now become the last piece of the puzzle in building global quantum communication network. However, long-distance quantum communication penetrating water up to tens to hundreds of meters is extremely challenging due to the inevitable high loss. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of underwater decoy-state …
Finite key performance of satellite quantum key distribution under practical constraints
本文分析了有限密钥长度效应及在轨可调性等实际工程约束对卫星QKD（采用BB84弱相干脉冲诱骗态协议）性能的影响，量化了实际性能极限与长期密钥生成容量，为未来任务设计提供了重要基准。
We perform decoy-state quantum key distribution between a low-Earth-orbit satellite and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong, Nanshan, and Graz, which establish satellite-to-ground secure keys with ~kHz rate per passage of the satellite Micius over a ground station. The satellite thus establishes a secure key between itself and, say, Xinglong, and another key between itself and, say, Graz. Then, upon request from the ground command, Micius acts as a trusted relay. It performs bitwise exclusive OR operations between the two keys and relays the result to one of the ground stations. That …
Satellite-based quantum cryptography has already been demonstrated using discrete variable technology. Nonetheless, there is great interest in using weak coherent pulses to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the continuous variable (CV) paradigm. In this work, we study the feasibility of performing coherent-state CV-QKD via the satellite-to-ground channel. We use numerical methods to simulate atmospheric turbulence and compare the results with ground-based experimental data so as to confirm the validity of our approach. We find the results obtained from the numerical simulations agree w…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting satellite is the most practical near-term solution to the challenge of achieving long-distance (global-scale) QKD, currently limited to a few hundred kilometers on the ground. This scenario presents unique challenges, such as high photon losses and restricted classical data transmission and processing power due to the limitations of a typical satellite platf…
A Decoy-like Protocol for Quantum Key Distribution: Enhancing the Performance with Imperfect Single Photon Sources
提出一种类诱饵QKD协议，利用$g^{(2)}(0)$变化检测PNS攻击，放宽单光子源纯度要求，在高损耗下优于GLLP，无需额外硬件。
Assessment of practical satellite quantum key distribution architectures for current and near-future missions
本文评估各类卫星量子密钥分发架构在吞吐量、时延、距离、安全性与复杂度上的权衡，指出低轨可信节点、弱脉冲离散变量下行链路及诱骗态 BB84 是近期任务的优选方案。
End-to-End Demonstration for CubeSatellite Quantum Key Distribution
本文展示了首个面向立方体卫星的系统级QKD端到端原型，验证了定时同步方案与40 dB高损耗容限，并分析了各参数对安全密钥率和量子比特误码率的影响，为低成本星基QKD设计提供参考。
Eurasian-Scale Experimental Satellite-based Quantum Key Distribution with Detector Efficiency Mismatch Analysis
本研究通过墨子号卫星和600毫米孔径地面站，实现了欧亚尺度量子密钥分发，并分析了探测器效率失配的影响，验证了半经验模型，为实际QKD系统安全性提供了重要参考。
QKD Entity Source Authentication: Defense-in-Depth for Post Quantum Cryptography
本文评估混合QKD/PQC纵深防御策略，重点考察初始QKD硬件实体源认证对防范中间人攻击的充分性。
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. In practice, the achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few hundred kilometers, due to the channel loss of fibers or terrestrial free space that exponentially reduced the photon rate. Satellite-based QKD promises to establish a global-scale quantum network by exploiting the negligible photon loss and decoherence in the empty out space. Here, we develop and launch a low-Earth-orbit satellite to implement decoy-state QKD…
Quantum cryptography is arguably the fastest growing area in quantum information science. Novel theoretical protocols are designed on a regular basis, security proofs are constantly improving, and experiments are gradually moving from proof-of-principle lab demonstrations to in-field implementations and technological prototypes. In this review, we provide both a general introduction and a state of the art description of the recent advances in the field, both theoretically and experimentally. We start by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems. Next we…
Finite and Asymptotic Key Analysis for CubeSat-Based BB84 QKD with Elliptical Beam Approximation
本研究针对立方星QKD系统的高效与标准诱骗态BB84协议，采用椭圆光束近似建模信道，分析有限/渐近密钥性能，证实高效BB84在不同天气下更优，并评估密钥率分布以验证实用性。
Satellite-based Quantum Network: Security and Challenges over Atmospheric Channel
本文回顾了基于卫星的量子网络和长距离量子态传输的量子态与信道特性，强调了透射率统计、信道参数估计、抗攻击性及波包成形等挑战，并指出了两个研究方向以推动下一代卫星量子网络的发展。
Reducing The Impact Of Adaptive Optics Lag On Optical And Quantum Communications Rates From Rapidly Moving Sources
针对快速移动源中自适应光学滞后导致通信速率下降的问题，提出空间分离先导信标加时间延迟的协议，使低轨卫星对地诱骗态量子密钥分发密钥率最高提升215%，并给出波分复用系统修改方案。
Space-Based Quantum Internet: Entanglement Distribution in Time-Varying LEO Constellations
针对LEO卫星网络动态拓扑导致的纠缠丢弃率高和吞吐量低问题，提出基于时空图模型和路径效用的纠缠分发框架，显著提升分发效率并推动天基量子互联网发展。
Composably Secure Delegated Quantum Computation with Weak Coherent Pulses
本文提出了一种使用弱相干脉冲实现可组合安全的委托量子计算的方法，通过减少资源消耗并改进安全性，为远距离量子通信提供了新途径。
The security of quantum communication using a weak coherent source requires an accurate knowledge of the source's mean photon number. Finite calibration precision or an active manipulation by an attacker may cause the actual emitted photon number to deviate from the known value. We model effects of this deviation on the security of three quantum communication protocols: the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol without decoy states, Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) QKD protocol, and a coin-tossing protocol. For QKD, we model both a strong attack using tec…
Satellite based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is currently the only viable technology to span thousands of kilometres. Since the typical overhead pass of a satellite lasts for a few minutes, it is crucial to increase the the signal rate to maximise the secret key length. For the QUARC CubeSat mission due to be launched within two years, we are designing a dual wavelength, weak-coherent-pulse decoy-state Bennett-Brassard '84 (WCP DS BB84) QKD source. The optical payload is designed in a $12{\times}9{\times}5 cm^3$ bespoke aluminium casing. The Discrete Variable QKD Sou…
Quantum Bit Error Rate Analysis in BB84 Quantum Key Distribution: Measurement, Statistical Estimation, and Eavesdropping Detection
本文分析BB84协议中量子比特误差率（QBER）的计算、统计估计方法及其在窃听检测中的作用，探讨了有限密钥场景下的置信区间估计方法，并讨论了改进协议以增强不同QKD系统抗窃听能力的策略。
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