Wolfram Weise
This presentation reviews recent guiding themes in the broad context of nuclear physics, from developments in chiral effective field theory applied to nuclear systems, via the phases and structures of QCD, to matter under extreme conditions in heavy-ion collisions and neutron stars.
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We review some basic concepts of Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics and discuss our understanding of some key results from the experimental program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We focus in particular on the early time dynamics of nuclear collisions, some result from lattice QCD, hard probes and photons.
Experimental evidence for antikaon-nuclear quasi-bound states is briefly reviewed. Theoretical and phenomenological arguments for and against the existence of such states are considered, based on constructing antikaon-nuclear optical potentials from various sources. Results of RMF calculations that provide a lower limit of Gamma(antikaon) = 50 +/- 10 MeV on the width of antikaon-nuclear quasi-bound states are discussed.
Experimental evidence for antikaon-nuclear quasibound states is briefly reviewed. Theoretical and phenomenological arguments for and against deep antikaon-nucleus potentials which might allow for narrow quasibound states are reviewed, with recent calculations suggesting widths larger than 100 MeV for binding energy smaller than 100 MeV. Results of RMF calculations that provide a lower limit of 50+/-10 MeV for the width of deeply bound states are discussed.
We present and discuss predictions for a cross section of bulk and single-particle properties in symmetric nuclear matter based on recent high-quality nucleon-nucleon potentials at N3LO and including all subleading three-nucleon forces. We begin with the equation of state and its saturation properties and proceed to the single-nucleon potential. We also explore short-range correlations as seen through the defect function. The various predictions which we present have a common foundation in an internally consistent ab initio approach.
This conference covers an extremely broad range of topics and in just a few pages it is impossible to even touch on all the areas which will be discussed. We have chosen to summarise just one area where there has recently been impressive progress, namely our quantitative understanding of strangeness in the nucleon. We also discuss a couple of examples where theoretical progress is of direct importance for future experiments as well as for the interpretation of hitherto anomalous results. Finally we make some remarks on meson and baryon spectroscopy and the exciting array of new facilities that…
These conferences proceedings summarize the experimental findings of collective effects in nuclear collisions, as presented at the Quark Matter 2018 conference.
Selected topics in Strangeness Nuclear Physics are reviewed: Lambda-hypernuclear spectroscopy and structure, Sigma-hyperon nuclear interaction, multistrangeness, and anti-kaons in nuclei.
I review the current status and some prospects of theoretical studies on open heavy flavor physics in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC energies.
The nuclear symmetry energy is a fundamental quantity important for studying the structure of systems as diverse as the atomic nucleus and the neutron star. Considerable efforts are being made to experimentally extract the symmetry energy and its dependence on nuclear density and temperature. In this article, we review experimental studies carried out up-to-date and their current status.
We present an overview of the status of the studies related to the phase diagram of strong interactions through high-energy nuclear collisions. We discuss both the theoretical and experimental status of establishing the various QCD phase structures in the phase diagram, such as, quark-gluon phase, quark-hadron crossover, crossover temperature, phase boundary and critical point.
Transport calculations are the tool to study medium modifications of heavy-flavour particle distributions in high-energy nuclear collisions. We give a brief overview on their state-of-the art, on the information one can extract, on the questions remaining open and on further analysis to carry out in the near future.
Transport calculations are the tool to study medium modifications of heavy-flavour particle distributions in high-energy nuclear collisions. We give a brief overview on their state-of-the art as well as on the questions remaining open, from the evaluation of the transport coefficients to the effects of in-medium hadronization, from the rescattering in the hadronic phase to the possible presence of hot-medium effects also in small systems, like proton-nucleus collisions.
We overview the current status and recent developments on initial conditions in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Specifically, we look at the progress in understanding the role of sub-nucleonic fluctuations in large and small collision systems. Next, we review the current ideas of going beyond boost invariant initial conditions and introducing physically motivated rapidity fluctuations at RHIC and LHC energies. Finally, we discuss the time evolution of initial stages and the matching between different descriptions of the QGP.
Transport calculations represent the major tool to simulate the modifications induced by the presence of a hot-deconfined medium on the production of heavy-flavour particles in high-energy nuclear collisions. After a brief description of the approach and of the major achievements in its phenomenological applications we discuss some recent developments. From the theory side we focus on the evaluation of transport coefficients and on recent formulations of the problem of heavy-flavour in-medium propagation in the language of open quantum systems. From a more phenomenological perspective we give …
The overview of the Exact Pairing technique based on the quasispin symmetry is presented. Extensions of this method are discussed in relation to mean field, quadrupole collectivity, electromagnetic transitions, and many-body level density. Realistic calculations compared with experimental data are used to support the methods as well as to emphasize the manifestations of pairing correlations in nuclear many-body systems.
We give an account of the main achievements of the scientific career of Andrea Vitturi so far, that have recently been discussed during the workshop "Theoretical Nuclear Physics in Padova" on the occasion of his retirement from full professor at the University of Padova. He has oftentimes been the driving force behind numerous contributions to nuclear structure and nuclear reactions that are here reviewed: giant resonances, pairing correlations, collective modes, algebraic models, inelastic excitations, electromagnetic response, break-up and transfer reactions, coupled-channel formalism, clust…
We give a brief overview of nuclear parton distributions. First, the EMC effect is discussed together with possible interpretations such as nuclear binding and $Q^2$ rescaling. Next, we explain shadowing descriptions: vector-meson-dominance-type and parton-recombination models. Nuclear dependence of $Q^2$ evolution should be interesting in testing whether or not DGLAP equations could be applied to nuclear structure functions. Status of nuclear sea-quark and gluon distributions is discussed. The structure function $b_1$, which will be measured at HERMES and possibly at ELFE, could shed light on…
In these proceedings I review recent developments concerning the hydrodynamic description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). I report on the progress towards more realistic simulations and discuss new features about the QGP transport coefficients of the hot (and baryon dense) medium formed in heavy ion collisions. A brief discussion is included on the applicability of hydrodynamics and its extension to the far-from-equilibrium regime.
We provide, for non-experts, a brief overview of holographic QCD and a review of a recent proposal of matrix-description of multi-baryon systems in holographic QCD. Based on the matrix model, we derive the baryon interaction at short distances in multi-flavor holographic QCD. We show that there is a very universal repulsive core of inter-baryon forces for generic number of flavors. This is consistent with a recent lattice QCD analysis for N_f = 2, 3 where repulsive core looks universal. We also provide a comparison of our results with the lattice QCD and the operator product expansion (OPE) an…
Nuclear pairing correlations are known to play an important role in various single-particle and collective aspects of nuclear structure. After the first idea by A. Bohr, B. Mottelson and D. Pines on similarity of nuclear pairing to electron superconductivity, S.T. Belyaev gave a thorough analysis of the manifestations of pairing in complex nuclei. The current revival of interest in nuclear pairing is connected to the shift of modern nuclear physics towards nuclei far from stability; many loosely bound nuclei are particle-stable only due to the pairing. The theoretical methods borrowed from mac…
We present a brief overview of recent developments in ab initio calculations of nuclear scattering and reactions with a focus on applications of the no-core shell model with continuum method.
The nuclear force is the heart of nuclear physics and, thus, the significance of this force for all of nuclear physics can hardly be overstated. Research on this crucial force has by now spanned eight decades and we are still not done. I will first review the rich history of hope and desperation, which had spin-off far beyond just nuclear physics. Next, I will present the current status in the field which is charcterized by the application of an effective field theory (EFT) that is believed to represent QCD in the low energy regime typical for nuclear physics. During the past two decades, this…
The nuclear physics landscape has been redesigned as a sequence of effective field theories (EFTs) connected to the Standard Model through symmetries and lattice simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). EFTs in this sequence are expansions around different low-energy limits of QCD, each with its own characteristics, scales, and ranges of applicability regarding energy and number of nucleons. We review each of the three main nuclear EFTs -- Chiral, Pionless, Halo/Cluster -- highlighting their similarities, differences, and connections. In doing so, we survey the structural properties and re…
Direct mechanism in solar nuclear reactions
直接反应机制和用于分析这些过程的模型的简要概述。讨论了通过直接机制进行的太阳氢燃烧所涉及的核反应。研究了这些核反应对太阳中微子问题的意义。
The nuclear collective models introduced by Bohr, Mottelson and Rainwater, together with the Mayer-Jensen shell model, have provided the central framework for the development of nuclear physics. This paper reviews the microscopic evolution of the collective models and their underlying foundations. In particular, it is shown that the Bohr-Mottelson models have expressions as macroscopic limits of microscopic models that have precisely-defined expressions in many-nucleon quantum mechanics. Understanding collective models in this way is especially useful because it enables the analysis of nuclear…
Triaxial shapes in even-even nuclei: A theoretical overview
本文通过理论方法探讨偶偶核中三轴形状的出现，指出特定核图区域中三轴性被 favored ，并利用 FRDM 模型验证其稳健性。
The organizers of this meeting have asked me to present perspectives of nuclear physics. This means to identify the areas where nuclear physics will be expanding in the next future. In six chapters a short overview of these areas will be given, where I expect that nuclear physics willdevelop quite fast: A. Quantum Chromodynamics and effective field theories in the confinement region; B. Nuclear structure at the limits; C. High energy heavy ion collisions; D. Nuclear astrophysics; E. Neutrino physics; F. Test of physics beyond the standard model by rare processes. After a survey over these six …
The main features of coupled-channel Kbar-N dynamics near threshold and its repercussions in few-body Kbar-nuclear systems are briefly reviewed highlighting the I=1/2 Kbar-N-N system. For heavier nuclei, the extension of mean-field calculations to multi-Kbar nuclear quasibound states is discussed focusing on kaon condensation.
Short-range correlations in nuclear and neutron matter are examined through the properties of the correlated wave function obtained by solving the Bethe-Goldstone equation. Tensor correlations are explored through the dominant tensor-driven transition and central correlations through the singlet and triplet S waves. Predictions from a popular meson-theoretic nucleon-nucleon potential employed in the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach are compared with those from two- and three-body high-quality chiral interactions in Brueckner G-matrix calculations. Short-range correlations in symmetric mat…
Nuclear structure and reaction theory are undergoing a major renaissance with advances in many-body methods, strong interactions with greatly improved links to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the advent of high performance computing, and improved computational algorithms. Predictive power, with well-quantified uncertainty, is emerging from non-perturbative approaches along with the potential for new discoveries such as predicting nuclear phenomena before they are measured. We present an overview of some recent developments and discuss challenges that lie ahead. Our focus is on explorations of al…
Understanding the Effect of Chiral NN Parametrization on Nuclear Shapes From an Ab Initio Perspective
基于第一性原理对称适应无核壳模型，首次分析了6Li和12C低能态的集体形状特征受底层核子-核子相互作用参数化的影响，发现12C激发2+态对参数显著更敏感并表现出涌现的形状共存。
Prolate-oblate shape transitions and O(6) symmetry in even-even nuclei: A theoretical overview
本文综述偶偶核长椭球–扁椭球形状相变的理论，指出 IBM 将 O(6) 确定为临界点对称性，并由多种 SU(3) 方案、平均场与壳模型计算及实验区域相互印证。
I discuss in qualitative terms the implications of the recent measurement by C. S. Wood et al. of the hyperfine dependence of atomic parity violation in 133Cs. The derived anapole moment constrains the strength of hadronic parity violation.
An overview on the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner approach to the nuclear many-body problem is given. Different approximation schemes are discussed, with particular emphasis on the nuclear self-energy and the saturation mechanism of nuclear matter. I will further discuss extensions of the standard approach, amongst other things the inclusion of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom, many-body forces and finally compare relativistic and non-relativistic approaches.
Alpha clustering and alpha condensation in lighter nuclei is presently strongly and increasingly discussed in the literature both from the experimental side as from the theoretical one. A discussion of the present status of the theory as well as outlooks for future developements will be presented.
A fully quantal algebraic version of the Bohr-Mottelson unified model is presented with the important property that its quantisation is defined by its irreducible unitary representations which span the many-nucleon Hilbert space of every nucleus. The model is uniquely defined by the requirement that its Lie algebra of observables includes the nuclear quadrupole moments and kinetic energy. It then follows that there can be no non-zero isoscalar E2 transitions between any states belonging to its different irreducible representations and, as a result, the states of the model are uniquely defined …
We present a short overview of our recent theoretical developments aiming at the description of exotic nuclear phenomena to be reached and studied at the next-generation radioactive beam facilities. Applications to nuclear shell structure and response of nuclei at the limits of their existence, with a special focus on the physics cases of astrophysical importance, are discussed.
Collective Dynamics -- theoretical overview
本文综述相对论核碰撞集体动力学唯象研究的最新进展，梳理集体性的传统流体动力学解释及小系统观测带来的新解读可能，强调通过集体性研究QCD性质及建立蒙特卡洛事件生成器的重要性。
I review the present status of nuclear lattice simulations. This talk is dedicated to the memory of Gerald E. Brown.
This is an overview over the prediction of astrophysical reaction rates in the statistical model, with special emphasis on the parametrization of optical alpha+nucleus potentials.
An overview of recent measurements of quarkonium production in nucleus-nucleus collisions and their understanding in theoretical models is given.
What we talk about when we talk about nuclear structure
介绍核结构领域，聚焦物理概念，描述基本可观测量与核力，概述用于解释实验数据的核结构模型。
The isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions is a fundamental issue in nuclear physics and has broad ramifications in astrophysics. Its uncertainties, especially the difference of neutron-proton interactions in the isosinglet and isotriplet channels, affect significantly the density and momentum dependence of the isovector single-nucleon potential and nucleon-nucleon short-range correlation in neutron-rich matter. Consequently, the neutron-proton effective mass splitting and the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy are still rather uncertain. Heavy-ion reactions …
We study the prospects for constraining the nuclear parton distribution functions by small-x deep inelastic scattering. Performing a global fit of nuclear parton distribution functions including a sample of pseudodata representing expected measurements at the planned LHeC collider, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the present nuclear parton distributions could be be improved substantially. We also discuss the impact of flavour-tagged data.
Spin and isospin are essential degrees of freedom in nuclear systems, and the relevant studies on their properties play important roles not only in nuclear physics but also in nuclear astrophysics, particle physics, and so on. In this presentation for the IUPAP Young Scientist Prize 2016, I would like to introduce the microscopic studies on nuclear spin-isospin properties in the framework of covariant density functional theory (DFT), by taking a few works that I have been joining in as examples. It is seen that the covariant scheme plays an important role in describing the spin properties in a…
The p+Pb and Pb+Pb runs at the LHC have opened a possibility to investigate the validity of collinear factorization in a clearly higher center-of-mass energy scale than earlier in nuclear collisions. Indeed, some processes that have been measured routinely in p+p($\overline {\rm p}$) collisions and utilized for years in free proton PDF fits, can now finally be reached also in the nuclear case. Such new data are expected to provide conclusive answers concerning the universality of the nuclear PDFs. In this talk, I will contrast some of the first p+Pb and Pb+Pb measurements to the predictions ba…
The nuclear matter parameters define the nuclear equation of state (EoS), they appear as coefficients of expansion around the saturation density of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter. We review their correlations with several properties of finite nuclei and of neutron stars within mean-field frameworks. The lower order nuclear matter parameters such as the binding energy per nucleon, incompressibility and the symmetry energy coefficients are found to be constrained in narrow limits through their strong ties with selective properties of finite nuclei. From the correlations of nuclear matte…
This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute of Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces …
Knowledge on nuclear cluster physics has increased considerably as nuclear clustering remains one of the most fruitful domains of nuclear physics, facing some of the greatest challenges and opportunities in the years ahead. The occurrence of "exotic" shapes in light N=Z alpha-like nuclei and the evolution of clustering from stability to the drip-lines are being investigated more and more accurately both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental progresses in understanding these questions were recently examined and will be further revisited in this introductory talk: clustering aspects are…
A brief overview of the calculation of photon and dilepton production rates in a deconfined quark-gluon plasma is presented. We review leading order rates as well as recent NLO determinations and non-equilibrium corrections. Furthermore, the difficulties in a non-perturbative lattice determination are summarized.
We present a short overview of recent progress in the theory of jet quenching in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, including phenomenological studies of jet quenching at RHIC and the LHC, development in NLO perburbative QCD calculation of jet broadening and energy loss, full jet evolution and modification, medium response to jet transport, and lattice QCD and AdS/CFT studies of jet quenching.
We describe the Bayesian Analysis of Nuclear Dynamics (BAND) framework, a cyberinfrastructure that we are developing which will unify the treatment of nuclear models, experimental data, and associated uncertainties. We overview the statistical principles and nuclear-physics contexts underlying the BAND toolset, with an emphasis on Bayesian methodology's ability to leverage insight from multiple models. In order to facilitate understanding of these tools we provide a simple and accessible example of the BAND framework's application. Four case studies are presented to highlight how elements of t…
The density dependence of the symmetry energy in the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter is of significant importance for studying the structure of systems as diverse as the neutron-rich nuclei and the neutron stars. A number of reactions using the dynamical and the statistical models of multifragmentation, and the experimental isoscaling observable, is studied to extract information on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. It is observed that the dynamical and the statistical model calculations give consistent results assuming the sequential decay effect in dynamic…
We present an overview of concepts and results obtained with statistical models in study of nuclear multifragmentation. Conceptual differences between statistical and dynamical approaches, and selection of experimental observables for identification of these processes, are outlined. New and perspective developments, like inclusion of in-medium modifications of the properties of hot primary fragments, are discussed. We list important applications of statistical multifragmentation in other fields of research.
This article studies Bayesian model averaging (BMA) in the context of competing expensive computer models in a typical nuclear physics setup. While it is well known that BMA accounts for the additional uncertainty of the model itself, we show that it also decreases the posterior variance of the prediction errors via an explicit decomposition. We extend BMA to the situation where the competing models are defined on non-identical study regions. Any model's local forecasting difficulty is offset by predictions obtained from the average model, thus extending individual models to the full domain. W…
Generator coordinate method for nuclear octupole excitations: status and perspectives
本综述概述了结合量子数投影的生成坐标方法在核八极集体运动超越平均场研究中的进展，总结了其在激发谱、电磁跃迁、核子结团及相变等方面的应用，并探讨了八极形变对限制超越标准模型相互作用的约束意义。
In this talk, I overview the recent progress on the global analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (nuclear PDFs). After first introducing the contemporary fits, the analysis procedures are quickly recalled and the ambiguities in the use of experimental data outlined. Various nuclear-PDF parametrizations are compared and the main differences explained. The effects of nuclear PDFs in the LHC p-Pb hard-process observables are discussed and some future prospects sketched.
A short lecture given at the Summer School on "Modern perspectives in lattice QCD", Les Houches, August 3-28, 2009.
We give an overview of recent results for the nuclear equation of state and properties of neutron stars based on microscopic two- and three-nucleon interactions derived within chiral effective field theory (EFT). It is demonstrated that the application of Renormalization Group (RG) transformations allows efficient, controlled and simplified calculations of nuclear matter.
A short overview is presented for the recent progress in the theory of heavy flavor transport in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, including a summary of different transport models, their phenomenological results of heavy meson quenching and flow at RHIC and LHC, a possible solution to the $R_\mathrm{AA}$ vs. $v_2$ puzzle and predictions for heavy flavor observables beyond the current measurements.
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