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arXiv 0712.2229math.GT
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康威交错纽结分类

Conway classification of alternating knots

E. Piña

摘要:

将投影在$S_2$球面上的交替纽结、链环和扭转与一个单自由度Hamilton动力学系统的相空间相一致。系统的鞍点对应于交叉点,边对应于连接鞍点的稳定流形和非稳定流形。然后,每个面在由这些流形的方向确定的两个不同方向中的一个方向上定向。这种对应也可以在两自由度可积动力系统的纽结和庞加莱截面之间实现。交叉点对应于不稳定的轨道,而面对应于围绕稳定轨道的叶状环面。该连通图的关联矩阵被分解为两个排列。分离对于结而不是对于链接是唯一的。用切比雪夫多项式显式地计算了纽结、链环和扭曲族的特征多项式。有理结的分类是根据在$x=2$中计算的结的多项式的一阶导数来制定的,等于结的交叉次数乘以康威以前用于结属性列表的相同数字。这导致了一个分类的结为例的家庭有多达五个丝带。我们细分家庭的$N$带在相关的子家庭的素结的$N$交叉。

英文摘要:

The alternating knots, links and twists projected on the $S_2$ sphere were identified with the phase space of a Hamiltonian dynamic system of one degree of freedom. The saddles of the system correspond to the crossings, the edges correspond to the stable and unstable manifolds connecting the saddles. Each face is then oriented in one of two different senses determined by the direction of these manifolds. This correspondence can be also realized between the knot and the Poincaré section of a two degrees of freedom integrable dynamical system. The crossings corresponding to unstable orbits, and the faces to foliated torus, around a stable orbit. The associated matrix to that connected graph was decomposed in two permutations. The separation was shown unique for knots not for links. The characteristic polynomial corresponding to some knot, link or twist families was explicitly computed in terms of Chebyschev polynomials. A classification of rational knots was formulated in terms of the first derivative of the polynomial of a knot computed in $x=2$, equal to the number of crossings of the knot multiplying the same number used previously by Conway for tabulation of knot properties. This leads to a classification of knots exemplified for the families having up to five ribbons. We subdivide the families of $N$ ribbons in subfamilies related to the prime knots of $N$ crossings.

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