Makoto Ozawa
In this article, we consider alternating knots on a closed surface in the 3-sphere, and show that these are not parallel to any closed surface disjoint from the prescribed one.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
Non-triviality of welded knots and ribbon torus-knots
本文通过焊接经典纽结图中的交叉点构造焊接纽结，并利用基本群证明其非平凡性，从而给出非平凡带状环面的例子。
Using an involved study of the Jones polynomial, we determine, as our main result, the crossing numbers of (prime) amphicheiral knots. As further applications, we show that several classes of links, including semiadequate links and Whitehead doubles of semiadequate knots, have non-trivial Jones polynomial. We also prove that there are infinitely many positive knots with no positive minimal crossing diagrams. Some relations to the twist number of a link, Mahler measure and the hyperbolic volume are given, for example explicit upper bounds on the volume for Montesinos and 3-braid links in terms …
Some generalizations and variations of the Fintushel-Stern rim surgery are known to produce smoothly knotted surfaces. We show that if the fundamental groups of their complements are cyclic, then these surfaces are topologically unknotted. Using a twist-spinning construction from high-dimensional knot theory, we construct examples of knotted surfaces whose complements have cyclic fundamental groups.
We generalize the idea of unknotting knots to Seifert surfaces. We define an operation called ribbon twist which serves as the equivalent of a crossing change for knots. A Seifert surface is considered untwisted, the equivalent to unknotted, if it is isotopic to a standardly embedded n-fold punctured torus. A Seifert surface is said to be twist trivial if it can be untwisted by ribbon twists. We show that canonical Seifert surfaces are twist trivial.
We consider the Grope filtration of the classical knot concordance group that was introduced in a paper of Cochran, Orr and Teichner. Our main result is that successive quotients at each stage in this filtration have infinite rank. We also establish the analogous result for the Grope filtration of the concordance group of string links consisting of more than one component.
Brunnian links have been known for a long time in knot theory, whereas the idea of n-triviality is a recent innovation. We illustrate the relationship between the two concepts with four short theorems.
This note gives a proof that the $A$-polynomial of any nontrivial knot in $S^3$ has nontrivial $M$-degree.
The A-polynomial of a knot in S^3 defines a complex plane curve associated to the set of representations of the fundamental group of the knot exterior into SL(2,C). Here, we show that a non-trivial knot in S^3 has a non-trivial A-polynomial. We deduce this from the gauge-theoretic work of Kronheimer and Mrowka on SU_2-representations of Dehn surgeries on knots in S^3. As a corollary, we show that if a conjecture connecting the colored Jones polynomials to the A-polynomial holds, then the colored Jones polynomials distinguish the unknot
It is proved that every disconnected surface-link with meridian-based free fundamental group is a trivial (i.e., an unknotted-unlinked) surface-link. This result is a surface-link version of the author's recent announcement result on smooth unknotting of a surface-knot.
In this paper we define Crossing Change Alternating Knots (CCA knots) and their generalization: $k$-CCA knots.
We extend Howie's characterization of alternating knots to give a topological characterization of toroidally alternating knots, which were defined by Adams. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a knot to be toroidally alternating. We also give a topological characterization of almost-alternating knots which is different from Ito's recent characterization.
We explore properties of braids such as their fractional Dehn twist coefficients, right-veeringness, and quasipositivity, in relation to the transverse invariant from Khovanov homology defined by Plamenevskaya for their closures, which are naturally transverse links in the standard contact $3$-sphere. For any $3$-braid $β$, we show that the transverse invariant of its closure does not vanish whenever the fractional Dehn twist coefficient of $β$ is strictly greater than one. We show that Plamenevskaya's transverse invariant is stable under adding full twists on $n$ or fewer strands to any $n$-b…
Bankwitz characterized an alternating diagram representing the trivial knot. A non-alternating diagram is called almost alternating if one crossing change makes the diagram alternating. We characterize an almost alternaing diagram representing the trivial knot. As a corollary we determine an unknotting number one alternating knot with a property that the unknotting operation can be done on its alternating diagram.
A knot in the 3-sphere is called doubly slice if it is a slice of an unknotted 2-sphere in the 4-sphere. We give a bi-sequence of new obstructions for a knot being doubly slice. We construct it following the idea of Cochran-Orr-Teichner's filtration of the classical knot concordance group. This yields a bi-filtration of the monoid of knots (under the connected sum operation) indexed by pairs of half integers. Doubly slice knots lie in the intersection of this bi-filtration. We construct examples of knots which illustrate non-triviality of this bi-filtration at all levels. In particular, these …
This is a short expository article on alternating knots and is to appear in the Concise Encyclopedia of Knot Theory.
Generalizing Howie and Greene's characterization of alternating knots, we give a topological characterization of almost alternating knots.
There is an infinitely generated free subgroup of the smooth knot concordance group with the property that no nontrivial element in this subgroup can be represented by an alternating knot. This subgroup has the further property that every element is represented by a topologically slice knot.
For any alternating knot, it is known that the double branched cover of the $3$-sphere branched over the knot is an $L$-space. We show that the three-fold cyclic branched cover is also an $L$-space for any genus one alternating knot.
A conjecture proposed by J. Tripp in 2002 states that the crossing number of any knot coincides with the canonical genus of its Whitehead double. In the meantime, it has been established that this conjecture is true for a large class of alternating knots including $(2, n)$ torus knots, $2$-bridge knots, algebraic alternating knots, and alternating pretzel knots. In this paper, we prove that the conjecture is not true for any alternating $3$-braid knot which is the connected sum of two torus knots of type $(2, m)$ and $(2, n)$. This results in a new modified conjecture that the crossing number …
This paper gives a complete classification of all alternating knots with tunnel number one, and all their unknotting tunnels. We prove that the only such knots are two-bridge knots and certain Montesinos knots.
We show that there are infinitely many pairs of alternating pretzel knots whose Jones polynomials are identical.
We give a complete classification of toroidal Seifert fibered surgeries on alternating knots. Precisely, we show that if an alternating knot admits a toroidal Seifert fibered surgery, then the knot is either the trefoil knot and the surgery slope is zero, or the connected sum of a (2,p)-torus knot and a (2,q)-torus knot and the surgery slope is 2(p+q) with |p|, |q| at least three.
Among non-alternating knots with $n\le 12$ crossings given in \cite{1} Turaev genus is not known for 191 knot. For 154 of them we show that they are almost alternating, so their Turaev genus is 1.
Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ is a knot theoretical equivalent form of the Kervaire Conjecture. We say that a knot have property $\mathbb{Z}$ if it satisfies Conjecture $\mathbb{Z}$ for that specific knot. In this work, we show that alternating Montesinos knots with three tangles have property $\mathbb{Z}$. We also show that all the pretzel knots of the form $P(p,q,r)$ (not necessarily alternating) have property $\mathbb{Z}$.
We consider the question, asked by Friedl, Livingston and Zentner, of which sums of torus knots are concordant to alternating knots. After a brief analysis of the problem in its full generality, we focus on sums of two torus knots. We describe some effective obstructions based on Heegaard Floer homology.
We investigate the behaviour of Rasmussen's invariant $s$ under the sharp operation on knots and obtain a lower bound for the sharp unknotting number. This bound leads us to an interesting move that transforms arbitrary knots into non-alternating knots.
We show that all exceptional surgeries on hyperbolic alternating knots in the 3-sphere are integral surgeries.
Lefschetz Fibrations on Knot Traces of Alternating and Extended Alternating Knots
本文基于之前的工作，将构造正允许Lefschetz纤维的方法应用于交替结和扩展交替结的结迹，证明其纤维的亏格等于平面图中的白区域数，并得出正预结结和正扭转结的结迹的纤维亏格结果。
Special Alternating Knots are Band Prime
本文证明特殊交错纽结不能分解为非平凡带和，由此限制其协合关系，并提出和验证特殊交错纽结是带状协合极小的猜想，受相关向下封闭猜想启发。
It was previously shown by the second author that every knot in $S^3$ is ambient isotopic to one component of a two-component, alternating, hyperbolic link. In this paper, we define the alternating volume of a knot $K$ to be the minimum volume of any link $L$ in a natural class of alternating, hyperbolic links such that $K$ is ambient isotopic to a component of $L$. Our main result shows that the alternating volume of a knot is coarsely equivalent to the twist number of a knot.
Let K be a an alternating prime knot in the 3-sphere. We investigate the category of flypes between reduced alternating diagrams for K. As a consequence, we show that any odd prime order action on K is isotopic through maps of pairs to a single flype. This implies that for any odd prime order action on K there is either a reduced alternating periodic diagram or a reduced alternating free periodic diagram. Finally, we deduce that the quotient of an odd periodic alternating knot is also alternating.
Let $K$ be a genus $g$ alternating knot with Alexander polynomial $Δ_K(T)=\sum_{i=-g}^ga_iT^i$. We show that if $|a_g|=|a_{g-1}|$, then $K$ is the torus knot $T_{2g+1,\pm2}$. This is a special case of the Fox Trapezoidal Conjecture. The proof uses Ozsváth and Szabó's work on alternating knots.
We give a topological characterisation of alternating knot exteriors based on the presence of special spanning surfaces. This shows that alternating is a topological property of the knot exterior and not just a property of diagrams, answering an old question of Fox. We also give a characterisation of alternating link exteriors which have marked meridians. We then describe a normal surface algorithm which can decide if a knot is prime and alternating given a triangulation of its exterior as input.
The warping degree of an oriented knot diagram is the minimal number of crossing changes which are required to obtain a monotone knot diagram from the diagram. The minimal warping degree of a knot is the minimal value of the warping degree for all oriented minimal diagrams of the knot. In this paper, all prime alternating knots with minimal warping degree two are determined.
We show that, for an alternating knot, the ratio of the diameter of the set of boundary slopes to the crossing number can be arbitrarily large.
A pair of surgeries on a knot is chirally cosmetic if they result in homeomorphic manifolds with opposite orientations. Using recent methods of Ichihara, Ito, and Saito, we show that, except for the (2,5) and (2,7)-torus knots, the genus 2 and 3 alternating odd pretzel knots do not admit any chirally cosmetic surgeries. Further, we show that for a fixed genus, at most finitely many alternating odd pretzel knots admit chirally cosmetic surgeries.
We extend the Neumann's methods and give the explicit formulae for the volume and the Chern-Simons invariant for hyperbolic alternating knot orbifolds.
In 1999, Kauffman-Harary conjectured that every non-trivial Fox $p$-coloring of a reduced, alternating knot diagram with prime determinant $p$ is heterogeneous. Ten years later this conjecture was proved by W. Mattman and P. Solis. Mathew Williamson generalized this conjecture to alternating virtual knots and proved it for certain families of virtual knots. In the present note, we use the methods of W. Mattman and P. Solis to give an affirmative answer to the Kauffman-Harary conjecture for alternating virtual knots.
We describe an algorithm to find ribbon disks for alternating knots, and the results of a computer implementation of this algorithm. The algorithm is underlain by a slice link obstruction coming from Donaldson's diagonalisation theorem. It successfully finds ribbon disks for slice two-bridge knots and for the connected sum of any alternating knot with its reverse mirror, as well as for 662,903 prime alternating knots of 21 or fewer crossings. We also identify some examples of ribbon alternating knots for which the algorithm fails to find ribbon disks, though a related search identifies all suc…
This paper is devoted to prove the existence of $q$-periodic alternating projections of prime alternating $q$-periodic knots. The main tool is the Menasco-Thistlethwaite's Flyping theorem. Let $K$ be an oriented prime alternating knot that is $q$-periodic with $q\geq 3$, i.e. $K$ admits a symmetry that is a rotation of order $q$. Then $K$ has an alternating $q$-periodic projection. As applications, we obtain the crossing number of a $q$ -periodic alternating knot with $q\geq 3$ is a multiple of $q$ and we give an elementary proof that the knot $12_{a634} $ is not 3-periodic; this proof does no…
We specify the computational complexity of crosscap numbers of alternating knots by introducing an automatic computation. For an alternating knot $K$, let $\cal{E}$ be the number of edges of its diagram. Then there exists a code such that the complexity of this computation of the crosscap number of $K$ is estimated by $O(\cal{E}^3)$.
For any integer n > 2, the n-fold cyclic branched cover M of an alternating prime knot K in the 3-sphere determines K, meaning that if K is a knot in the 3-sphere that is not equivalent to K then its n-fold cyclic branched cover cannot be homeomorphic to M.
Using exhaustive techniques and results from Lackenby and many others, we compute the tunnel number of all 1655 alternating 11 and 12 crossing knots and of 881 non-alternating 11 and 12 crossing knots. We also find all 5525 Montesinos knots with 14 crossings or fewer.
Obstructing Unknotting Number Two For Some Alternating Knots
该研究利用Ozsváth-Szabó的d不变量与Brendan Owens的定理，算出194个13交叉以内交错纽结的解结数，为纽结理论研究提供了具体数据支撑。
We prove that for any zero α of the Alexander polynomial of a two-bridge knot, -3 < Re(α) < 6. Furthermore, for a large class of two-bridge knots we prove -1<Re(α).
Every knot can be embedded in the union of finitely many half planes with a common boundary line in such a way that the portion of the knot in each half plane is a properly embedded arc. The minimal number of such half planes is called the arc index of the knot. We have identified all prime knots with arc index up to 11. We also proved that the crossing number is an upperbound of arc index for non-alternating knots. As a result the arc index is determined for prime knots up to twelve crossings.
We show that if the branched double cover of an alternating link arises as $p/q \in \mathbb{Q} \setminus \mathbb{Z}$ surgery on a knot in $S^3$, then this is exhibited by a rational tangle replacement in an alternating diagram.
For any given integer $r \geq 1$ and a quasitoric braid $β_r=(σ_r^{-ε} σ_{r-1}^ε...$ $ σ_{1}^{(-1)^{r}ε})^3$ with $ε=\pm 1$, we prove that the maximum degree in $z$ of the HOMFLYPT polynomial $P_{W_2(\hatβ_r)}(v,z)$ of the doubled link $W_2(\hatβ_r)$ of the closure $\hatβ_r$ is equal to $6r-1$. As an application, we give a family $\mathcal K^3$ of alternating knots, including $(2,n)$ torus knots, 2-bridge knots and alternating pretzel knots as its subfamilies, such that the minimal crossing number of any alternating knot in $\mathcal K^3$ coincides with the canonical genus of its Whitehead dou…
An alternating distance is a link invariant that measures how far away a link is from alternating. We study several alternating distances and demonstrate that there exist families of links for which the difference between certain alternating distances is arbitrarily large. We also show that two alternating distances, the alternation number and the alternating genus, are not comparable.
Weakly generalised alternating knots are knots with an alternating projection onto a closed surface in a compact irreducible 3-manifold, and they share many hyperbolic geometric properties with usual alternating knots. For example, usual alternating knots have volume bounded above and below by the twist number of the alternating diagram due to Lackenby. Howie and Purcell showed that a similar lower bound holds for weakly generalised alternating knots. In this paper, we show that a generalisation of the upper volume bound does not hold, by producing a family of weakly generalised alternating kn…
Large alternating Montesinos knots do not admit purely cosmetic surgeries
本文通过分析扭转数和长度的下界条件，证明大型交错 Montesinos 纽结以及若干相关纽结族不容许纯装饰 Dehn 手术，从而为 3-球面中非平凡纽结的纯装饰手术猜想提供了新的支持证据。
We show that the difference between the genus and the stable topological 4-genus of alternating knots is either zero or at least 1/3.
We prove that if an alternating knot has unknotting number one, then there exists an unknotting crossing in any alternating diagram. This is done by showing that the obstruction to unknotting number one developed by Greene in his work on alternating 3-braid knots is sufficient to identify all unknotting number one alternating knots. As a consequence, we also get a converse to the Montesinos trick: an alternating knot has unknotting number one if its branched double cover arises as half-integer surgery on a knot in $S^3$. We also reprove a characterisation of almost-alternating diagrams of the …
We show for an alternating knot the minimal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the minimum degree of the Jones polynomial and the maximal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the maximum degree of the Jones polynomial. For alternating Montesinos knots, these are the minimal and maximal boundary slopes.
We are giving tables of quasi-alternating knots with $8\le n \le 12$ crossings. As the obstructions for a knot to be quasialternating we used homology thickness with regards to Khovanov homology, odd homology, and Heegaard-Floer homology $\widehat{HFK}$. Except knots which are homology thick, so cannot be quasialternating, by using the results of our computations [JaSa1], for one of knots which are homology thin, knot $11n_{50}$, J. Greene proved that it is not quasi-alternating, so this is the first example of homologically thin knot which is not quasi-alternating [Gr]. In this paper we provi…
In this article, we give a list of minimal grid diagrams of the 12 crossing prime alternating knots. This is a continuation of the work in https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218216520500765
We study the geometry of hyperbolic knots that admit alternating projections on embedded surfaces in closed 3-manifolds. We show that, under mild hypothesis, their cusp area admits two sided bounds in terms of the twist number of the alternating projection and the genus of the projection surface. As a result, we derive diagrammatic estimates of slope lengths and give applications to Dehn surgery. These generalize results of Lackenby and Purcell about alternating knots in the 3-sphere. Using a result of Kalfagianni and Purcell, we point out that alternating knots on surfaces of higher genus, ca…
The Volume conjecture claims that the hyperbolic Volume of a knot is determined by the colored Jones polynomial. The purpose of this article is to show a Volume-ish theorem for alternating knots in terms of the Jones polynomial, rather than the colored Jones polynomial: The ratio of the Volume and certain sums of coefficients of the Jones polynomial is bounded from above and from below by constants. Furthermore, we give experimental data on the relation of the growths of the hyperbolic volume and the coefficients of the Jones polynomial, both for alternating and non-alternating knots.
In this paper we are interested in symmetries of alternating knots, more precisely in those related to achirality. We call the following statement Tait's Conjecture on alternating -achiral knots: Let K be an alternating -achiral knot. Then there exists a minimal projection Π of K in S^2 \subset S^3 and an involution ϕ:S^3\toS^3 such that: 1) ϕ reverses the orientation of $S^3$; 2) ϕ(S^2) = S^2; 3) ϕ (Π) = Π; 4) ϕ has two fixed points on Π and hence reverses the orientation of K. The purpose of this paper is to prove this statement.
Ito-Takimura recently defined a splice-unknotting number $u^-(D)$ for knot diagrams. They proved that this number provides an upper bound for the crosscap number of any prime knot, asking whether equality holds in the alternating case. We answer their question in the affirmative. (Ito has independently proven the same result.) As an application, we compute the crosscap numbers of all prime alternating knots through at least 13 crossings, using Gauss codes.
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。