Lagrangians for massive, unconstrained, higher-spin bosons and fermions are proposed. The idea is to modify the geometric, gauge invariant Lagrangians describing the corresponding massless theories by the addition of suitable quadratic polynomials. These polynomials provide generalisations of the Fierz-Pauli mass term containing all possible traces of the basic field. No auxiliary fields are needed.
We construct the frame-like gauge-invariant Lagrangian formulation for massive fermionic arbitrary spin fields in three-dimensional $AdS$ space. The Lagrangian and complete set of gauge transformations are obtained. We also develop the formalism of gauge-invariant curvatures for the massive theory under consideration and show how the Lagrangian is formulated in their terms. The massive spin-5/2 field is discussed as an example.
We construct the Lagrangian formulation of massive higher spin on-shell (1,0) supermultiplets in three dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is based on description of the massive three dimensional fields in terms of frame-like gauge invariant formalism and technique of gauge invariant curvatures. For the two possible massive supermultiplets (s,s+1/2) and (s,s-1/2) we derive explicit form of the supertransformations leaving the sum of bosonic and fermionic Lagrangians invariant.
We give an explicit component Lagrangian construction of massive higher spin on-shell $N=1$ supermultiplets in four-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space $AdS_4$. We use a frame-like gauge invariant description of massive higher spin bosonic and fermionic fields. For the two types of the supermultiplets (with integer and half-integer superspins) each one containing two massive bosonic and two massive fermionic fields we derive the supertransformations leaving the sum of four their free Lagrangians invariant such that the algebra of these supertransformations is closed on-shell.
We describe the procedure of dimensional reduction of massless fields in $(D+1)$ dimensional Minkowski space to massive ones in $D$ dimensions in the first-quantized setting. The procedure is compatible with Lagrangian and in a straightforward way determines the inner product for massive fields. Howe duality and the extensive usage of BRST formalism allows to keep the description concise. We consider both bosonic and fermionic mixed-symmetry fields.
We give explicit construction for massive higher spin supermultiplets for the case of minimal supersymmetry in d=3 and find the corresponding Lagrangian formulations. We show that all such massive supermultiplets can be straightforwardly constructed out of the appropriately chosen set of massless ones exactly in the same way as the gauge invariant description for the massive bosonic (fermionic) field with spin s can be obtained using a set of massless fields with spins s,s-1,...,0(1/2). Moreover, such construction for the massive supermultiplets turns out to be perfectly consistent with our pr…
We consider massive half-integer higher spin fields coupled to an external constant electromagnetic field in flat space of an arbitrary dimension and construct a gauge invariant Lagrangian in the linear approximation in the external field. A procedure for finding the gauge-invariant Lagrangians is based on the BRST construction where no off-shell constraints on the fields and on the gauge parameters are imposed from the very beginning. As an example of the general procedure, we derive a gauge invariant Lagrangian for a massive fermionic field with spin 3/2 which contains a set of auxiliary fie…
Gauge invariant Lagrangian construction for massive bosonic mixed symmetry higher spin fields
我们发展了BRST方法来构造任意维Minkowski空间中由秩2 Young tableaux描述的大质量混合对称整数高自旋场的规范不变Lagrange函数。该理论是制定在辅助福克空间。没有对场和规范参数施加离壳约束。正在考虑的方法自动导致规范不变的拉格朗日大规模理论与所有适当的Stuckelberg领域。它表明，所有的限制定义的庞加莱群的不可约表示产生拉格朗日制定的运动方程和规范变换的后果。作为一般方法的一个例子，我们导出了含有完备辅助场和规范参数的有质量二秩反对称张量场的规范不变拉格朗日量。
We develop the frame-like formulation of massive bosonic higher spins fields in the case of 3-dimensional $(A)dS$ space with the arbitrary cosmological constant. The formulation is based on gauge-invariant description by involving the Stueckelberg auxiliary fields. The explicit form of the Lagrangians and the gauge transformation laws are found. The theory can be written in terms of gauge-invariant objects similar to the massless theories, thus allowing us to hope to use the same methods for investigation of interactions. In the massive spin 3 field example we are able to rewrite the Lagrangia…
We derive the Lagrangian for a new model of a massive rank-4 tensor field with generalized spin (2,1,1) in Minkowski spacetime of any dimension d>5, by using dimensional reduction applied to a reducible gauge model of a massless rank-4 tensor field with generalized spin (2,1,1) in Minkowski spacetime of dimension d+1.
Using Poincare parametrization of AdS space, we study massive totally symmetric arbitrary spin fields in AdS space of dimension greater than or equal to four. CFT adapted gauge invariant formulation for such fields is developed. Gauge symmetries are realized by using Stueckelberg formulation of massive fields. We demonstrate that the mass parameter, curvature and radial coordinate contributions to the gauge transformation and Lagrangian of the AdS massive fields can be expressed in terms of ladder operators. Three representations for the Lagrangian are discussed. Realization of the global AdS …
We study the construction of the so-called intrinsic action for PDEs equipped with compatible presymplectic structures. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate that the intrinsic action for the standard Einstein-Hilbert gravity is the familiar first-order Palatini action. Our main focus in this work is the massive spin-2 field, where the natural presymplectic structure is not complete in the sense that the associated intrinsic action does not reproduce all the equations of motion. We explicitly relate this feature to the differential consequences of the zeroth order in the genuine Lagrangian …
We derive fully explicit equations of motion, and the associated set of constraints, describing the propagation in a flat space-time of a charged spin-3/2 massive state in a constant electromagnetic background. For this purpose, we provide the Lagrangian for the physical fermionic fields in the first massive level of the open superstring. We first write a compact Lagrangian, allowing a simple derivation of the equations of motion and constraints. Then another one is given that yields directly a decoupled system of equations, though the fields of different spins look coupled at the level of the…
Equations of motion for free higher-spin gauge fields of any symmetry can be formulated in terms of linearised curvatures. On the other hand, gauge invariance alone does not fix the form of the corresponding actions which, in addition, either contain higher derivatives or involve inverse powers of the d'Alembertian operator, thus introducing possible subtleties in degrees of freedom count. We suggest a path to avoid ambiguities, starting from local, unconstrained Lagrangians previously proposed, and integrating out the auxiliary fields from the functional integral, thus generating a unique non…
In this work, we revisit the duality between a self-dual non-gauge invariant theory and a topological massive theory in $3+1$ dimensions. The self-dual Lagrangian is composed by a vector field and an antisymmetric field tensor whereas the topological massive Lagrangian is build using a $B \wedge F$ term. Though the Lagrangians are quite different, they yield to equations of motion that are connected by a simple dual mapping among the fields. We discuss this duality by analyzing the degrees of freedom in both theories and comparing their propagating modes at the classical level. Moreover, we em…
Second order degenerate Clèment and Sarıoğlu-Tekin Lagrangians are casted into forms of various first order Lagrangians. Hamiltonian analysis of these equivalent formalisms are performed by means of Dirac-Bergmann constraint algorithm.
A variant for the superspin one-half massive superparticle in $ 4D $, $ \mathcal{N}=1 $, based on Dirac superfields, is offered. As opposed to the current known models that use spinor chiral superfields, the propagating fields of the supermultiplet are those of the lowest mass dimensions possible: scalar, Dirac and vector fields. Besides the supersymmetric chiral condition, the Dirac superfields are not further constrained, allowing a very straightforward implementation of the path-integral method. The corresponding superpropagators are presented. In addition, an interaction super Yukawa poten…
For complete intersection Calabi-Yau manifolds in toric varieties, Gross and Haase-Zharkov have given a conjectural combinatorial description of the special Lagrangian torus fibrations whose existence was predicted by Strominger, Yau and Zaslow. We present a geometric version of this construction, generalizing an earlier conjecture of the first author.
Minimal coupling leads to problems such as loss of causality if one wants to describe charged particles of spin greater than one propagating in a constant electromagnetic background. Regge trajectories in string theory contain such states, so their study may allow us to investigate possible avenues to remedy the pathologies. We present here two explicit forms, related by field redefinitions, of the Lagrangian describing the bosonic states in the first massive level of open superstrings in four dimensions. The first one reduces, when the electromagnetic field is set to zero, to the Fierz-Pauli …
In this paper, a gauge invariant description of massive higher spin bosonic and fermionic particles in frame-like Lagrangian and unfolded formalism in (A)dS${}_4$ is built. A complete set of gauge invariant object is also constructed and the Lagrangian is rewritten in terms of these objects. The unitarity of the theories is studied alongside with the partially massless limits. The calculations are carried out in the multispinor formalism, which simplifies them and is particularly convenient for the supersymmetry studies.
The canonical quantization of a massive symmetric rank-two tensor in string theory, which contains two Stueckelberg fields, was studied. As a preliminary study, we performed a canonical quantization of the Proca model to describe a massive vector particle that shares common properties with the massive symmetric rank-two tensor model. By performing a canonical analysis of the Lagrangian, which describes the symmetric rank-two tensor, obtained by Siegel and Zwiebach (SZ) from string field theory, we deduced that the Lagrangian possesses only first class constraints that generate local gauge tran…
Massive dual spin zero fields are reconsidered in four spacetime dimensions. A closed-form Lagrangian is presented that describes a field coupled to the gradient of its own energy-momentum tensor.
In this paper we explicitly carry out the perturbative renormalization of the $T\bar{T}$-deformed free massive Dirac fermion in two dimensions up to second order in the coupling constant. This is done by computing the two-to-two $S$-matrix using the LSZ reduction formula and canceling out the divergences by introducing counterterms. We demonstrate that the renormalized Lagrangian is unambiguously determined by demanding that it gives the correct $S$-matrix of a $T\bar{T}$-deformed integrable field theory. Remarkably, the renormalized Lagrangian is qualitatively very different from its classica…
SU(2) gauge theory in the nonlinear gauge of the Curci-Ferrari type is studied in low-energy region. We give a classical solution that connects color electric charges. Its dual solution, which has a configuration of monopole, is also presented. Due to the gluon condensation subsequent to the ghost condensation, these classical fields become massive. The massive Lagrangian with the classical solution and that with the dual solution are derived. We show that these Lagrangians produce a linear potential between a quark and an antiquark. This is the mechanism of quark confinement that is different…
We use Kaluza-Klein reduction to construct flat-space massive spin-2 Lagrangians based on a kinetic term that has local Weyl and transverse-diffeomorphism gauge symmetries in the massless limit. This yields Lagrangians describing a free massive spin 2 which differ from the usual Fierz-Pauli theory, but are physically equivalent to it. These Lagrangians require the use of auxiliary fields, which appear naturally from the higher-dimensional construction. We discuss how these Lagrangians are related to each other and to the Fierz-Pauli theory through Stückelberg transformations, gauge fixings, an…
We review the component Lagrangian construction of the supersymmetric higher spin models in three dimensional (3D) Minkowski and anti de Sitter (AdS) spaces. The approach is based on the frame-like gauge invariant formulation, where massive higher spin fields are realized through a system of massless ones. We develop a supersymmetric generalization of this formulation to the Lagrangian construction of the on-shell N=1, 3D higher spin supermultiplets. In 3D Minkowski space we show that the massive supermultiplets can be constructed from one extended massless supermultiplet by adding the mass te…
We discuss dual formulations of vortex strings (magnetic flux tubes) in the four-dimensional ${\cal N} =1$ supersymmetric Abelian Higgs model with the Fayet--Iliopoulos term in the superspace formalism. The Lagrangian of the model is dualized into a Lagrangian of the $BF$-type described by a chiral spinor gauge superfield including a 2-form gauge field. The dual Lagrangian is further dualized into a Lagrangian given by a chiral spinor superfield including a massive 2-form field. In both of the dual formulations, we obtain a superfield into which the vortex strings and their superpartners are e…
We explore a hidden possibility of BRST approach to higher spin field theory to obtain a consistent Lagrangian for massive spin-3/2 field in Einstein space. Also, we prove that in the space under consideration the propagation of spin-3/2 field is hyperbolic and causal.
An explicit form for the lagrangian of an arbitrary half-integer superspin ${\textsf{Y}}=s+1/2$ supermultiplet is obtained in $4{\rm D},~\mathcal{N}=1$ superspace. This is accomplished by the introduction of a tower of pairs of auxiliary superfields of increasing rank which are required to vanish on-shell for free theories. In the massless limit almost all auxiliary superfields decouple except one, which plays the role of compensator as required by the emergent gauge redundancy of the Lagrangian description of the massless theory. The number of off-shell degrees of freedom carried by the theor…
