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arXiv 0710.4196physics.geo-ph
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震级非线性影响地震率估计、预报和可预报性试验

Magnitude Uncertainties Impact Seismic Rate Estimates, Forecasts and Predictability Experiments

M. J. Werner, D. Sornette

摘要:

地震可预报性研究合作实验室(CSEP)旨在前瞻性地测试与时间相关的地震概率预测与观测的一致性。为了竞争,时间相关的地震活动性模型在地震目录数据上进行了校准。但是星表包含了很多观测上的不确定性。我们研究的影响幅度的不确定性率估计聚类模型,对他们的预测和评价CSEP的一致性检验。首先,我们量化了不确定性。我们发现,震级不确定性是更重尾比高斯,如双边指数分布,尺度参数nu_c=0.1 - 0.3。其次,我们研究了这种噪声的影响,一个简单的聚类模型,捕捉流行的短期模型的主要成分的预测。我们证明了噪声预报与精确预报的偏差服从尾幂律分布,指数α =1/(a*nu_c),其中a是余震生产率定律的指数。我们进一步证明,波动的典型规模仍然敏感地依赖于特定的目录。第三,我们研究了如何在CSEP一致性测试中评估噪声预测。对于给定的置信限,噪声预测比预期更频繁地被拒绝。泊松假设的一致性检验是不充分的短期预测评估。为了捕捉每个模型的特性以及任何传播的不确定性,预测需要指定地震率的整个似然分布。

英文摘要:

The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) aims to prospectively test time-dependent earthquake probability forecasts on their consistency with observations. To compete, time-dependent seismicity models are calibrated on earthquake catalog data. But catalogs contain much observational uncertainty. We study the impact of magnitude uncertainties on rate estimates in clustering models, on their forecasts and on their evaluation by CSEP's consistency tests. First, we quantify magnitude uncertainties. We find that magnitude uncertainty is more heavy-tailed than a Gaussian, such as a double-sided exponential distribution, with scale parameter nu_c=0.1 - 0.3. Second, we study the impact of such noise on the forecasts of a simple clustering model which captures the main ingredients of popular short term models. We prove that the deviations of noisy forecasts from an exact forecast are power law distributed in the tail with exponent alpha=1/(a*nu_c), where a is the exponent of the productivity law of aftershocks. We further prove that the typical scale of the fluctuations remains sensitively dependent on the specific catalog. Third, we study how noisy forecasts are evaluated in CSEP consistency tests. Noisy forecasts are rejected more frequently than expected for a given confidence limit. The Poisson assumption of the consistency tests is inadequate for short-term forecast evaluations. To capture the idiosyncrasies of each model together with any propagating uncertainties, the forecasts need to specify the entire likelihood distribution of seismic rates.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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