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arXiv 0710.4141math.GTmath.QA
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字符串拓扑:背景和现状

String Topology: Background and Present State

Dennis Sullivan

摘要:

“闭弦紧化的二维域论”的数据是穿孔黎曼曲面的所有模空间的并的胞腔剖分的等变链级作用,其中每个分量被紧化为带边界的伪流形。数据公理包含在以下假设中。假设穿孔被标记并划分为输入和输出的非空集合。输入由切线方向标记,输出由非负实数加1加权。假设输入到输出的粘合落在胞腔剖分的伪流形边界上,并且整个伪流形边界被所有这样的因式分解分解成块。进一步假设该作用相对于旋转标记的环形作用是等变的。紧化弦拓扑的一个主要结果是定理(闭弦):每个定向光滑流形都有一个二维域论,在它的自由闭路空间模常数环路的等变链上有一个闭弦紧化。对顶部伪流形链的所有曲面类型求和得到满足主方程dX + X*X = 0的链X,其中 * 是所有胶合的和。这个结构在同伦上被很好地定义。亏格零部分在自由闭路空间模常数环路的等变链上产生无穷李双代数。更高的亏格项提供了代数结构的进一步元素,称为“量子李双代数”,部分解决了对合恒等式。也有紧化的讨论和定理2为开弦作为第一步,以一个更完整的理论。我们注意到第二步的结。

英文摘要:

The data of a "2D field theory with a closed string compactification" is an equivariant chain level action of a cell decomposition of the union of all moduli spaces of punctured Riemann surfaces with each component compactified as a pseudomanifold with boundary. The axioms on the data are contained in the following assumptions. It is assumed the punctures are labeled and divided into nonempty sets of inputs and outputs. The inputs are marked by a tangent direction and the outputs are weighted by nonnegative real numbers adding to unity. It is assumed the gluing of inputs to outputs lands on the pseudomanifold boundary of the cell decomposition and the entire pseudomanifold boundary is decomposed into pieces by all such factorings. It is further assumed that the action is equivariant with respect to the toroidal action of rotating the markings. A main result of compactified string topology is the Theorem (closed strings): Each oriented smooth manifold has a 2D field theory with a closed string compactification on the equivariant chains of its free loop space mod constant loops. The sum over all surface types of the top pseudomanifold chain yields a chain X satisfying the master equation dX + X*X = 0 where * is the sum over all gluings. This structure is well defined up to homotopy. The genus zero parts yields an infinity Lie bialgebra on the equivariant chains of the free loop space mod constant loops. The higher genus terms provide further elements of algebraic structure called a "quantum Lie bialgebra" partially resolving the involutive identity. There is also a compactified discussion and a Theorem 2 for open strings as the first step to a more complete theory. We note a second step for knots.

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