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arXiv 0710.2898math.FAquant-ph
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量子信道的高阶数值域和低阶微扰

Higher rank numerical ranges and low rank perturbations of quantum channels

Chi-Kwong Li, Yiu-Tung Poon, Nung-Sing Sze

摘要:

对于正整数$k$,作用在维数至少为$k$的希尔伯特空间$\cH$上的算子$A$的秩- $k$数值范围$Λ_k(A)$是标量$λ$的集合,使得$PAP = λP$对于某秩$k$正交投影$P$。本文建立了算子$A$的低秩扰动与$Λ_k(A)$的密切联系。特别是,对于$1 \le r < k$,它表明,$Λ_k(A) \subseteq Λ_{k-r}(A+F)$的任何运营商$F$与$\rank (F) \le r$。在量子计算中,这个结果意味着具有$k$维纠错码的量子信道在秩$\le r$的扰动下仍然具有$(k-r)$维纠错码。此外,它表明,如果$A$是正常的或如果$A$的维数是有限的,那么$Λ_k(A)$可以得到的交集$Λ_{k-r}(A+F)$的秩$r$运营商$F$。举例说明,当$A$是一般算子时,结果是不成立的.完全确定了凸集$Λ_k(A)$的闭包和内部。对于定义为标量$λ$的集合的$Λ_\infty(A)$,得到类似的结果,使得对于无限秩正交投影$P$,$PAP = λP$。证明了$Λ_\infty(A)$是$k = 1, 2, >...$的所有$Λ_k(A)$的交集。如果$A - μI$对任何$μ\in \IC$都不是紧的,则$Λ_\infty(A)$的闭包和内部与$A$的本质数值域的闭包和内部一致。研究了$A-μI$对某些$μ\in \IC$是紧的特殊情况.

英文摘要:

For a positive integer $k$, the rank-$k$ numerical range $Λ_k(A)$ of an operator $A$ acting on a Hilbert space $\cH$ of dimension at least $k$ is the set of scalars $λ$ such that $PAP = λP$ for some rank $k$ orthogonal projection $P$. In this paper, a close connection between low rank perturbation of an operator $A$ and $Λ_k(A)$ is established. In particular, for $1 \le r < k$ it is shown that $Λ_k(A) \subseteq Λ_{k-r}(A+F)$ for any operator $F$ with $\rank (F) \le r$. In quantum computing, this result implies that a quantum channel with a $k$-dimensional error correcting code under a perturbation of rank $\le r$ will still have a $(k-r)$-dimensional error correcting code. Moreover, it is shown that if $A$ is normal or if the dimension of $A$ is finite, then $Λ_k(A)$ can be obtained as the intersection of $Λ_{k-r}(A+F)$ for a collection of rank $r$ operators $F$. Examples are given to show that the result fails if $A$ is a general operator. The closure and the interior of the convex set $Λ_k(A)$ are completely determined. Analogous results are obtained for $Λ_\infty(A)$ defined as the set of scalars $λ$ such that $PAP = λP$ for an infinite rank orthogonal projection $P$. It is shown that $Λ_\infty(A)$ is the intersection of all $Λ_k(A)$ for $k = 1, 2, >...$. If $A - μI$ is not compact for any $μ\in \IC$, then the closure and the interior of $Λ_\infty(A)$ coincide with those of the essential numerical range of $A$. The situation for the special case when $A-μI$ is compact for some $μ\in \IC$ is also studied.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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