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arXiv 0709.0236astro-ph
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CDM中凸起的分层堆积

The hierarchical build-up of bulges in CDM

S. Khochfar

摘要:

我们调查的层次建立的标准$Λ$ -冷暗物质的情况下,在凸起的恒星。通过将星群分为两类:一类是伴随着球状体在主要合并中形成的恒星爆发({ \it starburst}成分),另一类是先前在祖先星系盘中形成的恒星({ \it starburst}成分),然后通过动力学相互作用加入球状体。我们的研究结果总结如下:早期形成的凸起有较大的星爆分数,因此应该小于后来形成的对应部分。在凸起的静止分数是一个增加的函数的凸起质量,成为恒定的$M_{\rm{q}}/M_{\rm{bul}} \sim 0.8$,主要是由于卫星星系的贡献盘星的凸起。较小的合并是一个数量级更频繁的比主要合并,必须发挥重要作用的演变隆起。在临界质量$M_{\rm{c}}\sim 3 \times 10^{10}$ M $_{\odot}$以上,宇宙中的大多数恒星都是球状体,在高红移时,它们完全是椭圆星系,而在低红移时,它们部分是凸起的。由于星系在高密度环境中的演化增强,相对于场星系,$M_{\rm{c}}$以下的星暴分数和凸起的表面质量密度应该增加。在今天的早期型螺旋星系的大规模隆起的形成过程中的耗散是不太重要的,比今天的椭圆星系的形成相同的质量,从而解释可能的螺旋星系和椭圆星系之间的相空间密度的差异。

英文摘要:

We investigate the hierarchical build-up of stars in bulges within the standard $Λ$-cold dark matter scenario. By separating the population into stars born during starbursts that accompany the formation of spheroids in major mergers ({\it starburst} component), and stars that are previously formed in discs of progenitor galaxies ({\it quiescent} component) and added to the spheroid by dynamical interaction. Our results are summarised as follows: bulges that form early have larger starburst fraction and hence should be smaller than their counter parts that form later. The quiescent fraction in bulges is an increasing function of bulge mass, becoming constant at $M_{\rm{q}}/M_{\rm{bul}} \sim 0.8$, mainly due to the infall of satellite galaxies that contribute disc stars to the bulge. Minor mergers are an order of magnitude more frequent than major mergers and must play a significant role in the evolution of bulges. Above the critical mass $M_{\rm{c}}\sim 3 \times 10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$ most of the stars in the universe are in spheroids, which at high redshift are exclusively elliptical galaxies and at low redshifts partly bulges. Due to the enhanced evolution of galaxies ending up in high density environments, the starburst fraction and the surface mass densities of bulges below $M_{\rm{c}}$ should be enhanced with respect to field galaxies. Dissipation during the formation of massive bulges in present day early-type spirals is less important than for the formation of present day elliptical galaxies of the same mass thereby explaining the possible difference in phase-space densities between spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies.

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