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arXiv 0802.1073astro-ph
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强引力下星系膨胀对CDM与MOND的检验

Galaxy Bulges As Tests of CDM vs MOND in Strong Gravity

HongSheng Zhao, Bing-Xiao Xu, Clare Dobbs

备注：
30p, 6 figs, expanded. Accpeted for ApJ
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摘要：

星系核球与其中心黑洞质量之间的紧密相关性很可能出现在快速坍缩和高红移的星爆阶段，这是由于气体上的引力与星爆和黑洞风的反馈力之间的平衡;在星爆阶段，每单位质量气体上的平均引力约为2 x 10^-10 m/sec ^2。这种水平的引力可能来自冷暗物质（CDM）晕的真实r^{-1}尖点，但由于依赖于宇宙学参数和形成历史，预测的引力将有很大的分散性。在MOND的某些协变版本中，我们发现与来自标量场的引力更好地一致，它可以在中心附近产生密度为Pi r^{-1}的牛顿有效暗晕的幻影。其中，特征表面密度Pi= 130 α ^{-1} Msun pc^{-2}，α是由共-共-共如果忽略环境影响，则为变异理论。我们表明，一个玩具的分析模型和流体动力学模拟，由于MOND/TeVeS标量场的恒定的背景重力意味着一个临界压力同步星爆和星系的形成的隆起和椭圆。MONDian宇宙中星系最亮区域形成的一个普遍阈值表明，中央黑洞、凸起和椭圆星系将遵循像M_{bulge} - M_{BH} -sigma关系那样的紧密相关。一般来说，MOND倾向于在星系属性中产生紧密的相关性，因为它的有效晕比CDM晕具有更少的自由度和散射。

英文摘要：

The tight correlation between galaxy bulges and their central black hole masses likely emerges in a phase of rapid collapse and starburst at high redshift, due to the balance of gravity on gas with the feedback force from starbursts and the wind from the black hole; the average gravity on per unit mass of gas is ~ 2 x 10^-10 m/sec^2 during the star burst phase. This level of gravity could come from the real r^{-1} cusps of Cold Dark Matter (CDM) halos, but the predicted gravity would have a large scatter due to dependence on cosmological parameters and formation histories. Better agreement is found with the gravity from the scalar field in some co-variant versions of MOND, which can create the mirage of a Newtonian effective dark halo of density Pi r^{-1} near the center, where the characteristic surface density Pi=130alpha^{-1} Msun pc^{-2} and alpha is a fundamental constant of order unity fixed by the Lagrangian of the co-variant theory if neglecting environmental effects. We show with a toy analytical model and a hydrodynamical simulation that a constant background gravity due to MOND/TeVeS scalar field implies a critical pressure synchronizing starbursts and the formation of galaxy bulges and ellipticals. A universal threshold for the formation of the brightest regions of galaxies in a MONDian universe suggests that the central BHs, bulges and ellipticals would respect tight correlations like the M_{bulge}-M_{BH}-sigma relations. In general MOND tends to produce tight correlations in galaxy properties because its effective halo has less freedom and scatter than CDM halos.

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