非均匀暗能量流体中的扰动：方程揭示了修正引力和暗物质的影响
Perturbations In A Non-Uniform Dark Energy Fluid: Equations Reveal Effects of Modified Gravity and Dark Matter
摘要：
我们提出了银河系暗物质的统一单场描述和各种统一标量场的暴胀和宇宙学常数。这两种类型的效应可能源于空间和时间变化的真空能量的流体，如果真空具有由光子类矢量场（可能是不稳定的大质量玻色子）引起的不均匀压力。本文在爱因斯坦引力理论框架下，提出了一种适用于这种真空流体（称为Nu-Lambda流体）的具有{ \bf N}-{ \bf u}形式宇宙学常数的最一般的拉格朗日量.这个理论包括一连续谱的似是而非的暗能量理论和引力理论，例如，暴胀理论、quintessence理论、k-本质理论、f（R）理论、广义Einstein-Aether f（K）理论、MOND理论、TeVeS理论、BSTV理论等。它还提出了一些新的模型，如某种f（K+R）模型，它提出了对MOND依赖于红移和密度的有趣修正。Nu-Lambda流体的一些具体构造（例如，Zhao的V- $Λ$模型）在大尺度上与$Λ$ CDM宇宙学非常相似，但与MOND模型一样能很好地拟合星系自转曲线。在一个简单的$f(K_4)$模型中的扰动爱因斯坦方程是可解的，并且显示出DM耦合到DE的影响。将这里的微扰方程转化为宇宙学结构增长的标准模拟，提供了一个伪造Nu-Lambda理论例子的机会。
英文摘要：
We propose a unified single-field description of the galactic Dark Matter and various uniform scalar fields for the inflation and cosmological constant. The two types of effects could originate from a fluid of both spatially and temporally varying Vacuum Energy if the vacuum has an uneven pressure caused by a photon-like vector field (of perhaps an unstable massive boson). We propose a most general Lagrangian with a {\bf N}on-{\bf u}niform Cosmological Constant for this vacuum fluid (dubbed as a Nu-Lambda fluid), working within the framework of Einsteinian gravity. This theory includes a continuous spectrum of plausible dark energy theories and gravity theories, e.g., inflation, quintessence, k-essence, f(R), Generalized Einstein-Aether f(K), MOND, TeVeS, BSTV etc. theories. It also suggests new models such as a certain f(K+R) model, which suggests intriguing corrections to MOND depending of redshift and density. Some specific constructions of the Nu-Lambda fluid (e.g., Zhao's V-$Λ$ model) closely resemble the $Λ$CDM cosmology on large scale, but fit galaxy rotation curves as good as MOND. Perturbed Einstein Equations in a simple $f(K_4)$ model are solvable and show effects of a DM coupled to DE. Incorporating the perturbation equations here into standard simulations for cosmological structure growth offers a chance to falsify examples of the Nu-Lambda theories.
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