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arXiv 0810.2534astro-ph
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盘状星系的长期演化:假隆起生长和球状星系的形成

Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: Pseudobulge Growth and the Formation of Spheroidal Galaxies

John Kormendy, David B. Fisher

摘要:

更新Kormendy & Kennicutt(2004,ARAA,42,603),我们回顾了星系盘的内部长期演化。一个后果是伪隆起的增长,这些隆起经常被误认为是真正的(合并形成的)隆起。许多假隆起是冷的、快速旋转的盘状结构。凸起具有指数n > 2的Sersic函数亮度轮廓;大多数伪凸起具有n <= 2。伪凸起的识别使得冷暗物质星系形成的最大问题变得更加尖锐:等级聚类如何能够制造出如此多的纯盘状星系,而没有合并建造凸起的证据?E.例如,在一个实施例中,巨大的Scd星系M101和NGC 6946的自转速度为V ~ 200 km/s,而核星团的速度色散为25 ~ 40 km/s。在距离我们8 Mpc的范围内,19个V > 150 km/s的星系中有11个没有经典核球的证据,而只有7个是椭圆星系或有经典核球。我们很难理解,没有凸起的星系是如何在合并历史的分布中形成一个静止的尾巴的。我们的第二个主题是环境的长期演变。我们确认,球状星系的基本平面(FP)的相关性,几乎是垂直的隆起和椭圆。球状体不是矮椭圆体。相反,它们的结构参数与晚型星系相似。我们认为,球状体是由内部过程,如超新星驱动的气体喷射和环境过程,如长期骚扰和冲压压力剥离改造的已故型星系。减去椭球体,椭圆星系和凸起的FP有小的散射。相对于这些,伪隆起更大且密度更低。

英文摘要:

Updating Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603), we review internal secular evolution of galaxy disks. One consequence is the growth of pseudobulges that often are mistaken for true (merger-built) bulges. Many pseudobulges are recognizable as cold, rapidly rotating, disky structures. Bulges have Sersic function brightness profiles with index n > 2; most pseudobulges have n <= 2. Recognition of pseudobulges makes the biggest problem with cold dark matter galaxy formation more acute: How can hierarchical clustering make so many pure disk galaxies with no evidence for merger-built bulges? E. g., the giant Scd galaxies M101 and NGC 6946 have rotation velocities of V ~ 200 km/s but nuclear star clusters with velocity dispersions of 25 to 40 km/s. Within 8 Mpc of us, 11 of 19 galaxies with V > 150 km/s show no evidence for a classical bulge, while only 7 are ellipticals or have classical bulges. It is hard to understand how bulgeless galaxies could form as the quiescent tail of a distribution of merger histories. Our second theme is environmental secular evolution. We confirm that spheroidal galaxies have fundamental plane (FP) correlations that are almost perpendicular to those for bulges and ellipticals. Spheroidals are not dwarf ellipticals. Rather, their structural parameters are similar to those of late-type galaxies. We suggest that spheroidals are defunct late-type galaxies transformed by internal processes such as supernova-driven gas ejection and environmental processes such as secular harassment and ram-pressure stripping. Minus spheroidals, the FP of ellipticals and bulges has small scatter. With respect to these, pseudobulges are larger and less dense.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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