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arXiv 0708.2104astro-ph
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盘状星系内部的长期演化:假凸起的生长

Internal Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: The Growth of Pseudobulges

John Kormendy

摘要:

内部缓慢(“长期”)演化重塑星系盘的观测和理论证据在Kormendy & Kennicutt(2004,ARAA,42,603)中进行了回顾。这次更新有三个目标。首先,我要强调的是,这种演化是非常普遍的--它对星系盘的演化是至关重要的。核心坍缩对于球状星团的意义,就像热中子星的产生对于原行星盘的演化,以及包含原白矮星的红巨星的演化对于恒星演化一样。盘状星系的一个后果是密集的中心成分的积累,这些成分被误认为是经典的(即,合并形成的)凸起,但它们是由盘状恒星和气体生长出来的。我们称之为伪隆起。其次,我回顾了新的研究成果pseudoblug恒星的形成和结构,以及boxy和disky pseudobluges之间的区别。最后,我强调这些结果如何使一个星系形成的问题更加尖锐。等级星系团怎么能产生这么多纯粹的盘状星系,而没有证据表明它们是合并后形成的?

英文摘要:

Observational and theoretical evidence that internal, slow ("secular") evolution reshapes galaxy disks is reviewed in Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603). This update has three aims. First, I emphasize that this evolution is very general -- it is as fundamental to the evolution of galaxy disks as (e.g.) core collapse is to globular clusters, as the production of hot Jupiters is to the evolution of protoplanetary disks, and as evolution to red giants containing proto-white-dwarfs is to stellar evolution. One consequence for disk galaxies is the buildup of dense central components that get mistaken for classical (i.e., merger-built) bulges but that were grown out of disk stars and gas. We call these pseudobulges. Second, I review new results on pseudobulge star formation and structure and on the distinction between boxy and disky pseudobulges. Finally, I highlight how these results make a galaxy formation problem more acute. How can hierarchical clustering produce so many pure disk galaxies with no evidence for merger-built bulges?

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