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arXiv 0810.5164astro-ph
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关于指数星系的起源

On the Origin of Exponential Galaxy Disks

Aaron A. Dutton

摘要:

我们使用一个盘状星系演化模型来研究具有指数表面亮度轮廓的星系是否可以在一个宇宙学上激发的盘状星系形成框架中产生。我们的模型遵循的是在不断增长的暗物质晕中,重子质量的吸积、冷却和喷射随半径的变化。盘的表面密度分布由详细的角动量守恒决定,从宇宙学模拟中发现的特定角动量的分布开始。指数和准指数磁盘可以通过我们的模型,通过超新星驱动的星系外流(优先删除低角动量的材料),在晕气体的角动量分布的内在变化,以及在大半径的恒星形成的效率低下的组合。我们使用SDSS NYU-VAGC的观测结果表明,蓝色星系的中值Sersic指数是恒星质量的强函数。对于蓝色星系,低质量星系的中值n=1.3,而高质量星系的中值n=4。我们的模型与能量驱动的外流正确地再现了这一趋势,而我们的模型与动量驱动的外流和没有外流预测低质量星系的Sersic指数。我们发现,所观察到的分数的“膨胀少”指数星系是一个强大的函数的恒星质量。对于Milky-Way质量的星系,只有不到0.1%的蓝色星系是无球星系,而对于M33质量的星系,无球星系和准无球星系是典型的。这些结果表明,等级形成模型难以产生无膨胀的银河质量星系实际上不是一个问题。然而,产生类似M33星系的问题仍然存在,这将为分层星系形成模型提供关键的测试。[删节]

英文摘要:

We use a disk galaxy evolution model to investigate whether galaxies with exponential surface brightness profiles can be produced in a cosmologically motivated framework for disk galaxy formation. Our model follows the accretion, cooling, and ejection of baryonic mass, as a function of radius, inside growing dark matter haloes. The surface density profile of the disk is determined by detailed angular momentum conservation, starting from the distribution of specific angular momentum as found in cosmological simulations. Exponential and quasi-exponential disks can be produced by our model through a combination of supernova driven galactic outflows (which preferentially remove low angular momentum material), intrinsic variation in the angular momentum distribution of the halo gas, and the inefficiency of star formation at large radii. We use observations from the SDSS NYU-VAGC to show that the median Sersic index of blue galaxies is a strong function of stellar mass. For blue galaxies, low mass galaxies have a median n=1.3, while high mass galaxies have a median n=4. Our model with energy driven outflows correctly reproduces this trend, whereas our models with momentum driven outflows and no outflows over predict the Sersic indices in low mass galaxies. We show that the observed fraction of "bulge-less" exponential galaxies is a strong function of stellar mass. For Milky-Way mass galaxies less than 0.1% of blue galaxies are bulge-less, whereas for M33 mass galaxies bulge-less and quasi-bulgeless galaxies are typical. These results suggest that the difficulty of hierarchical formation models to produce bulge-less Milky-Way mass galaxies is in fact not a problem. However, the problem of producing M33 like galaxies remains, and will provide a key test for hierarchical galaxy formation models. [Abridged]

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