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arXiv 0708.0306astro-ph
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团簇和链星系动力学演化中高红移指数盘和球的快速形成

Rapid formation of exponential disks and bulges at high redshift from the dynamical evolution of clump cluster and chain galaxies

F. Bournaud, B. G. Elmegreen, D. M. Elmegreen

摘要:

许多高红移的星系都有特殊的形态,主要是10^8-10^9 Mo kpc大小的团块。使用数值模拟,我们表明,这些“团块集群”可能会导致在重力不稳定的原始磁盘碎片。在不到1 Gyr的时间里,星系团的形成、迁移、分裂以及与星系盘的相互作用使这些星系从最初的均匀星系盘演化为具有指数或双指数星系盘轮廓和中央凸起的规则螺旋星系。内指数是初始圆盘的大小,外指数是由旋臂和团块扭矩甩出的物质。一个核黑洞可能会在每个团块的致密核心内生长的更小的黑洞的凸起同时形成。在我们的模型中的团块的属性和寿命是一致的观察在高红移星系的团块,在我们的模型中的恒星运动是一致的观察到的速度分散和缺乏有组织的旋转链星系。我们认为,剧烈不稳定的盘是螺旋星系形成的第一步。相关的星暴活动给出了一个很短的时间尺度为初始恒星盘形成。

英文摘要:

Many galaxies at high redshift have peculiar morphologies dominated by 10^8-10^9 Mo kpc-sized clumps. Using numerical simulations, we show that these "clump clusters" can result from fragmentation in gravitationally unstable primordial disks. They appear as "chain galaxies" when observed edge-on. In less than 1 Gyr, clump formation, migration, disruption, and interaction with the disk cause these systems to evolve from initially uniform disks into regular spiral galaxies with an exponential or double-exponential disk profile and a central bulge. The inner exponential is the initial disk size and the outer exponential is from material flung out by spiral arms and clump torques. A nuclear black hole may form at the same time as the bulge from smaller black holes that grow inside the dense cores of each clump. The properties and lifetimes of the clumps in our models are consistent with observations of the clumps in high redshift galaxies, and the stellar motions in our models are consistent with the observed velocity dispersions and lack of organized rotation in chain galaxies. We suggest that violently unstable disks are the first step in spiral galaxy formation. The associated starburst activity gives a short timescale for the initial stellar disk to form.

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