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arXiv 0709.4614astro-ph
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中高红移的星系凸起

Galaxy Bulges at Mid and High-Redshift

Christopher J. Conselice

摘要:

膨胀是附近宇宙中星系的主要组成部分,也是区分和定义星系的主要特征之一。通过检查遥远的星系来寻找高红移的星系球,并研究星系球形成过程中的性质,可以直接探测星系球的起源。我们在这篇文章中回顾了在高红移的隆起的证据,以及如何通过各种方法,包括形态学,颜色和恒星质量的选择,研究隆起,我们可以确定何时以及如何组装这些系统。我们认为,大多数最大规模的“经典”的隆起是在z ~ 1.5 - 2的地方,并可能通过主要的合并很早就形成了。其他的,可能是质量较低的,通过长期的过程与它们的圆盘一起形成。直接观测表明,这两个形成过程正在发生,因为在z > 1时通常可以看到球状体,以及以发光漫射物体、团块星系和链星系形式出现的盘和螺旋星系。然而,凸起+磁盘系统是相对罕见的,直到z ~ 1,这表明这种结构组装发生相对较晚。

英文摘要:

Bulges are a major galaxy component in the nearby universe, and are one of the primary features that differentiates and defines galaxies. The origin of bulges can be directly probed in part by examining distant galaxies to search for high redshift bulges, and to study the properties of bulges in formation. We review the evidence for bulges at high redshift in this article, and how by studying bulges through a variety of approaches, including morphological, colour, and stellar mass selection, we can determine when and how these systems assembled. We argue that the majority of the most massive 'classical' bulges are in place by z ~ 1.5 - 2, and likely formed very early through major mergers. Other, likely lower mass, bulges form through a secular process along with their disks. Direct observations suggest that these two formation processes are occurring, as spheroids are commonly seen at z > 1, as are disks and spiral galaxies in the form of luminous diffuse objects, clump-clusters, and chain galaxies. However, bulge+disk systems are relatively rare until z ~ 1, suggesting that this structural assembly occurred relatively late.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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