arXiv 0708.22502007-08-16hep-thgr-qchep-ph

从弦论看洛伦兹不变性破坏

Lorentz Invariance Violation from String Theory

Nikolaos E. Mavromatos

备注：: 26 pages Latex, uses special macros, three eps figures incorporated. Invited talk at the International Workshop ``From Quantum to Emergent Gravity: Theory and Phenomenology'', SISSA, Trieste (Italy), June 11-15 2007
发表信息：: PoS QG-Ph:027,2007

摘要：

在这篇简短但并不完整的评论中，我讨论了弦论中的一些情况，在这些情况下，洛伦兹不变性破坏可能以与世界片共形不变性一致的方式发生，从而导致原则上可以接受的弦背景。特别地，我首先讨论了（非超对称）开弦场论中的自发洛伦兹破坏。然后，我移动到讨论的重力引起的修改色散关系在非临界（刘维）字符串，在这个意义上的诱导芬斯勒几何依赖于坐标和动量，字符串在非平凡的时空（如D-粒子“泡沫的情况”）的传播。我注意解释从这样的弦论中出现的双度规模型，它可以作为替代暗物质的例子。最后，我做了一些比较，与类似的发展在其他情况下，如临界弦在非交换时空，以及变形狭义相对论和理论与减少洛伦兹对称性，最近提倡，芬斯勒几何似乎再次发挥作用。在后一个方面，我把重点放在现象学，并试图回答的问题，是否有可能的实验解开的各种方法。

英文摘要：

In this brief, and by no means complete, review I discuss situations in string theory, in which Lorentz Invariance Violation may occur in a way consistent with world-sheet conformal invariance, thereby leading to acceptable, in principle, string backgrounds. In particular, I first discuss spontaneous Lorentz violation in (non supersymmetric) open string field theory. Then, I move onto a discussion of gravity-induced modified dispersion relations in non-critical (Liouville) strings, in the sense of an induced Finsler-like geometry depending on both coordinates and momenta, for string propagation in non-trivial space times (such as D-particle ``foamy situations''). I pay attention to explaining the appearance of bi-metric models from such string theories, which could serve as examples of alternative scenaria to dark matter. Finally, I make some comparisons with similar developments in other contexts, such as critical strings in non-commutative space times, as well as deformed special relativities and theories with reduced Lorentz symmetry, advocated recently, where again Finsler geometry seems to come into play. In this latter respect, I put the emphasis on phenomenology and attempt to answer the question as to whether there is the possibility of experimental disentanglement of the various approaches.

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