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arXiv 0705.4405cond-mat.stat-mech
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具有长程相互作用的哈密顿和布朗系统:III。空间非齐次系统的BBGKY族

Hamiltonian and Brownian systems with long-range interactions: III. The BBGKY hierarchy for spatially inhomogeneous systems

Pierre-Henri Chavanis

摘要:

我们研究了在弱长程相互作用系统中相关性的增长。从BBGKY体系出发,在适当的热力学极限$N\to +\infty$下,利用体系解的1/N幂展开式,确定了两体关联函数的演化.由于有限的$N$效应,这些相关性负责系统的“碰撞”演化超出弗拉索夫制度。我们得到一个一般的动力学方程,可以应用到空间非均匀系统,并考虑到记忆效应。这些特性是具有非屏蔽远程交互的系统所特有的。对于像等离子体这样具有短记忆时间的空间均匀系统,我们恢复了经典的Landau(或Lenard-Balescu)方程。我们的方法的一个兴趣是开发一个形式主义,仍然在物理空间(而不是傅立叶空间),可以处理空间非均匀系统。这启发了基础物理学,并提供了新的动力学方程与明确的物理解释。然而,除非我们将自己限制在空间均匀系统中,否则只有当我们忽略粒子之间的某些集体效应时,才能得到封闭的动力学方程。给出了考虑集体效应的一般精确耦合方程。我们用这个动力学理论讨论了在弱长程相互作用系统中的剧烈的无碰撞弛豫和缓慢的碰撞弛豫过程。特别是,我们调查的弛豫时间与系统的大小的依赖性,并提供了一个连贯的讨论这些系统获得的所有数值结果。

英文摘要:

We study the growth of correlations in systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy, we determine the evolution of the two-body correlation function by using an expansion of the solutions of the hierarchy in powers of 1/N in a proper thermodynamic limit $N\to +\infty$. These correlations are responsible for the ``collisional'' evolution of the system beyond the Vlasov regime due to finite $N$ effects. We obtain a general kinetic equation that can be applied to spatially inhomogeneous systems and that takes into account memory effects. These peculiarities are specific to systems with unshielded long-range interactions. For spatially homogeneous systems with short memory time like plasmas, we recover the classical Landau (or Lenard-Balescu) equations. An interest of our approach is to develop a formalism that remains in physical space (instead of Fourier space) and that can deal with spatially inhomogeneous systems. This enlightens the basic physics and provides novel kinetic equations with a clear physical interpretation. However, unless we restrict ourselves to spatially homogeneous systems, closed kinetic equations can be obtained only if we ignore some collective effects between particles. General exact coupled equations taking into account collective effects are also given. We use this kinetic theory to discuss the processes of violent collisionless relaxation and slow collisional relaxation in systems with weak long-range interactions. In particular, we investigate the dependence of the relaxation time with the system size and provide a coherent discussion of all the numerical results obtained for these systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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