Let $C_a$ be the central Cantor set obtained by removing a central interval of length $1-2a$ from the unit interval, and continuing this process inductively on each of the remaining two intervals. We prove that if $\log b/\log a$ is irrational, then \[ \dim(C_a+C_b) = \min(\dim(C_a) + \dim(C_b),1), \] where $\dim$ is Hausdorff dimension. More generally, given two self-similar sets $K,K'$ in $\RR$ and a scaling parameter $s>0$, if the dimension of the arithmetic sum $K+sK'$ is strictly smaller than $\dim(K)+\dim(K') \le 1$ (``geometric resonance''), then there exists $r<1$ such that all contraction ratios of the similitudes defining $K$ and $K'$ are powers of $r$ (``algebraic resonance''). Our method also yields a new result on the projections of planar self-similar sets generated by an iterated function system that includes a scaled irrational rotation.
We consider (not self-similar) Cantor sets defined by a sequence of piecewise linear functions. We prove that the dimension of the harmonic measure on such a set is strictly smaller than its Hausdorff dimension. Some Hausdorff measure estimates for these sets are also provided.
We consider the self-similar structure of the class of generalized Cantor sets $$Γ_{\mathcal{D}}=\Big\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty d_nβ^{n}: d_n\in D_n, n\ge 1\Big\},$$ where $0<β<1$ and $D_n, n\ge 1,$ are nonempty and finite subsets of $\mathbb{Z}$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $Γ_{\mathcal{D}}$ to be a homogeneously generated self similar set. An application to the self-similarity of intersections of generalized Cantor sets will be given.
We study the Fourier transforms $\widehatμ(ξ)$ of non-atomic Gibbs measures $μ$ for uniformly expanding maps $T$ of bounded distortions on $[0,1]$ or Cantor sets with strong separation. When $T$ is totally non-linear, then $\widehatμ(ξ) \to 0$ at a polynomial rate as $|ξ| \to \infty$.
For a compact set $K\subset \mathbb{R}^1$ and a family $\{C_λ\}_{λ\in J}$ of dynamically defined Cantor sets sufficiently close to affine with $\text{dim}_H\, K+\text{dim}_H\, C_λ>1$ for all $λ\in J$, under natural technical conditions we prove that the sum $K+C_λ$ has positive Lebesgue measure for almost all values of the parameter $λ$. As a corollary, we show that generically the sum of two affine Cantor sets has positive Lebesgue measure provided the sum of their Hausdorff dimensions is greater than one.
We present a complete proof of a theorem of C.G. Moreira. Under mild checkable conditions, the theorem asserts that the Hausdorff dimension of the arithmetic sum of two dynamically defined Cantor subsets of the real line, equals either the sum of the dimensions or 1, whichever is smaller.
We show that the Cantorvals connected with the geometric Cantor sets are not achievement sets of any series. However many of them are attractors of IFS consisting of affine functions.
A class of ultrametric Cantor sets $(C, d_{u})$ introduced recently in literature (Raut, S and Datta, D P (2009), Fractals, 17, 45-52) is shown to enjoy some novel properties. The ultrametric $d_{u}$ is defined using the concept of {\em relative infinitesimals} and an {\em inversion} rule. The associated (infinitesimal) valuation which turns out to be both scale and reparametrisation invariant, is identified with the Cantor function associated with a Cantor set $\tilde C$ where the relative infinitesimals are supposed to live in. These ultrametrics are both metrically as well as topologically …
Let $E, F\subset {\Bbb R}^d$ be two self-similar sets, and suppose that $F$ can be affinely embedded into $E$. Under the assumption that $E$ is dust-like and has a small Hausdorff dimension, we prove the logarithmic commensurability between the contraction ratios of $E$ and $F$. This gives a partial affirmative answer to Conjecture 1.2 in \cite{FHR14}. The proof is based on our study of the box-counting dimension of a class of multi-rotation invariant sets on the unit circle, including the $αβ$-sets initially studied by Engelking and Katznelson.
In this paper, we study $C^ζ$-calculus on generalized Cantor sets, which have self-similar properties and fractional dimensions that exceed their topological dimensions. Functions with fractal support are not differentiable or integrable in terms of standard calculus, so we must involve local fractional derivatives. We have generalized the $C^ζ$-calculus on the generalized Cantor sets known as middle-$ξ$ Cantor sets. We have suggested a calculus on the middle-$ξ$ Cantor sets for different values of $ξ$ with $0<ξ<1$. Differential equations on the middle-$ξ$ Cantor sets have been solved, and we …
In this paper we discuss several variations and generalizations of the Cantor set and study some of their properties. Also for each of those generalizations a Cantor-like function can be constructed from the set. We will discuss briefly the possible construction of those functions.
Let $C_\la$ and $C_\ga$ be two affine Cantor sets in $\mathbb{R}$ with similarity dimensions $d_\la$ and $d_\ga$, respectively. We define an analog of the Bandt-Graf condition for self-similar systems and use it to give necessary and sufficient conditions for having $\Ha^{d_\la+d_\ga}(C_\la + C_\ga)>0$ where $C_\la + C_\ga$ denotes the arithmetic sum of the sets. We use this result to analyze the orthogonal projection properties of sets of the form $C_\la \times C_\ga$. We prove that for Lebesgue almost all directions $θ$ for which the projection is not one-to-one, the projection has zero $(d_…
In these informal notes, we continue to explore p-adic versions of Heisenberg groups and some of their variants, including the structure of the corresponding Cantor sets.
For a large class of Cantor sets on the real-line, we find sufficient and necessary conditions implying that a set has positive (resp. null) measure for all doubling measures of the real-line. We also discuss same type of questions for atomic doubling measures defined on certain midpoint Cantor sets.
We compute the exact Hausdorff and Packing measures of linear Cantor sets which might not be self similar or homogeneous . The calculation is based on the local behavior of the natural probability measure supported on the sets.
In this article we study Cantor sets defined by monotone sequences, in the sense of Besicovitch and Taylor. We classify these Cantor sets in terms of their h-Hausdorff and h-Packing measures, for the family of dimension functions h, and characterize this classification in terms of the underlying sequences.
We study a generalization of Morán's sum sets, obtaining information about the $h$-Hausdorff and $h$-packing measures of these sets and certain of their subsets.
Cantor sets are constructed from iteratively removing sections of intervals. This process yields a cumulative distribution function (CDF), constructed from the invariant measure associated with their iterated function systems. Under appropriate assumptions, we identify sampling schemes of such CDFs, meaning that the underlying Cantor set can be reconstructed from sufficiently many samples of its CDF. To this end, we prove that two Cantor sets have almost-nowhere (with respect to their respective invariant measures) intersection.
We show that there exist $(d-1)$ - Ahlfors regular compact sets $E \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}, d\geq 2$ such that for any $t< d-1$, we have \[ \sup_T \frac{\mathcal{H}^{d-1}(E\cap T)}{w(T)^t}<\infty \] where the supremum is over all tubes $T$ with width $w(T) >0$. This settles a question of T. Orponen. The sets we construct are random Cantor sets, and the method combines geometric and probabilistic estimates on the intersections of these random Cantor sets with affine subspaces.
The ternary Cantor set $C$, constructed by George Cantor in 1883, is probably the best known example of a perfect nowhere-dense set in the real line, but as we will see later, it is not the only one. The present article we will explore the richness, the peculiarities and the generalities that has $C$ and explore some variants and generalizations of it. For a more systematic treatment the Cantor like sets we refer to our previous paper.
Given a sequence converging to zero, we consider the set of numbers which are sums of (infinite, finite, or empty) subsequences. When the original sequence is not absolutely summable, the subsum set is an unbounded closed interval which includes zero. When it is absolutely summable the subsum set is one of the following: a finite union of (nontrivial) compact intervals, a Cantor set, or a "symmetric Cantorval".
In relation to the Erd\H os similarity problem (show that for any infinite set $A$ of real numbers there exists a set of positive Lebesgue measure which contains no affine copy of $A$) we give some new examples of infinite sets which are not universal in measure, i.e. they satisfy the above conjecture. These are symmetric Cantor sets $C$ which can be quite thin: the length of the $n$-th generation intervals defining the Cantor set is decreasing almost doubly exponentially. Further, we achieve to construct a set, not just of positive measure, but of \textit{full measure} not containing any affi…
We establish formulas for bounds on the Haudorff measure of the intersection of certain Cantor sets with their translates. As a consequence we obtain a formula for the Hausdorff dimensions of these intersections.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the $L^2$-norms of vector-valued Riesz transforms $R_ν^s$ and the norms of Riesz operators on Cantor sets in $\R^d$, as well as to study the distribution of values of $R_ν^s$. Namely, we show that this distribution is "uniform" in the following sense. The values of $|R_ν^s|^2$ which are comparable with its average value are attended on a "big" portion of a Cantor set. We apply these results to give examples demonstrating the sharpness of our previous estimates for the set of points where Riesz transform is large, and for the corresponding Riesz capacities. …
Nazarov, Peres and Volberg proved recently that the Favard length of the $n$-th iteration of the four-corner Cantor set is bounded from above by $n^{-c}$ for an appropriate $c$. We generalize this result to all product Cantor sets whose projection in some direction has positive 1-dimensional measure.
In this article we study for which Cantor sets there exists a gauge-function h, such that the h-Hausdorff-measure is positive and finite. We show that the collection of sets for which this is true is dense in the set of all compact subsets of a Polish space X. More general, any generic Cantor set satisfies that there exists a translation-invariant measure mu for which the set has positive and finite mu-measure. In contrast, we generalize an example of Davies of dimensionless Cantor sets (i.e. a Cantor set for which any translation invariant measure is either zero or non-sigma-finite, that enab…
Given a Cantor-type subset $Ω$ of a smooth curve in $\mathbb R^{d+1}$, we construct examples of sets that contain unit line segments with directions from $Ω$ and exhibit analytical features similar to those of classical Kakeya sets of arbitrarily small $(d+1)$-dimensional Lebesgue measure. The construction is based on probabilistic methods relying on the tree structure of $Ω$, and extends to higher dimensions an analogous planar result of Bateman and Katz. In particular, the existence of such sets implies that the directional maximal operator associated with the direction set $Ω$ is unbounded …
We show that, for some Cantor sets in R^d, the capacity g_s associated to the s-dimensional Riesz kernel x/|x|^{s+1} is comparable to the capacity C_{2(d-s)/3,3/2} from non linear potential theory. It is an open problem to show that, when s is positive and non integer, they are comparable for all compact sets in R^d. We also discuss other open questions in the area.
It is well known that n x n upper-triangular real matrices with 1's on the diagonal form a nilpotent Lie group with an interesting family of non-isotropic dilations and corresponding geometry, as in [9]. Here we look at p-adic versions of this, and related matters.
We give an example of Cantor type set for which its equilibrium measure and the corresponding Hausdorff measure are mutually absolutely continuous. Also we show that these two measures are regular in Stahl-Totik sense.
In 1984, Kurt Mahler posed the following fundamental question: How well can irrationals in the Cantor set be approximated by rationals in the Cantor set? Towards development of such a theory, we prove a Dirichlet-type theorem for this intrinsic diophantine approximation on Cantor-like sets, and discuss related possible theorems/conjectures. The resulting approximation function is analogous to that for R^d, but with d being the Hausdorff dimension of the set, and logarithmic dependence on the denominator instead.
For any $α\in(0,d)$, we construct Cantor sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ of Hausdorff dimension $α$ such that the associated natural measure $μ$ obeys the restriction estimate $\| \widehat{f dμ} \|_{p} \leq C_p \| f \|_{L^2(μ)}$ for all $p>2d/α$. This range is optimal except for the endpoint. This extends the earlier work of Chen-Seeger and Shmerkin-Suomala, where a similar result was obtained by different methods for $α=d/k$ with $k\in\mathbb{N}$. Our proof is based on the decoupling techniques of Bourgain-Demeter and a theorem of Bourgain on the existence of $Λ(p)$ sets.
This is an expository paper detailing some of the recent advances on the problem, with emphasis on the number-theoretic method developed in my paper with Bond and Volberg for rational product sets (arXiv:1109.1031).
We construct Ahlfors regular Cantor sets $K$ of small dimension in the plane, such that the Hausdorff measure on $K$ is equivalent to the harmonic measure associated to its complement. In particular the Green function in $R^2 \backslash K$ satisfies $G^p (x) \simeq \mathrm{dist} (x, K)^δ$ whenever $\mathrm{dist} (x, K) \le 1$ and $p$ is far from $K$.
Let C be a Cantor set. For a real number t let C+t be the translate of C by t, We say two real numbers s,t are equivalent if the intersection of C and C+s is a translate of the intersection of C and C+t. We consider a class of Cantor sets determined by similarities with one fixed positive contraction ratio. For this class of Cantor set, we show that an "initial segment" of the intersection of C and C+t is a self-similar set with contraction ratios that are powers of the contraction ratio used to describe C as a self- similar set if and only if t is equivalent to a rational number. Our results …
Let $C(a ),C(b)\subset \lbrack 0,1]$ be the central Cantor sets generated by sequences $ a,b \in (0,1)^{\mathbb{N}}$. The first main result of the paper gives a necessary and a sufficient condition for sequences $a$ and $b$ which inform when $C(a )-C(b)$ is equal to $[-1,1]$ or is a finite union of closed intervals. One of the corollaries following from this results shows that the product of thicknesses of two central Cantor sets which algebraic difference is an interval may be arbitrarily small. We also show that there are sets $C(a)$ and $C(b)$ with the Hausdorff dimension equal to $0$ such …
In this paper, we investigate the fractal uncertainty principle (FUP) for discrete Cantor sets, which are determined by an alphabet from a base of digits. Consider the base of M digits and the alphabets of cardinality A such that all the corresponding Cantor sets have a fixed dimension 0<log A/log M<2/3. We prove that the FUP with an improved exponent over Dyatlov-Jin (arXiv:1608.02238) holds for almost all alphabets, asymptotically as M tends to infinity. Our result provides the best possible exponent when the Cantor sets enjoy either the strongest Fourier decay assumption or strongest additi…
Motivated by questions arising in the study of the spectral theory of models of aperiodic order, we investigate sums of functions of semibounded closed subsets of the real line. We show that under suitable thickness assumptions on the sets and growth assumptions on the functions, the sums of such sets contain half-lines. We also give examples to show our criteria are sharp in suitable regimes.
We treat the problem of characterizing the cyclic vectors in the weighted Dirichlet spaces, extending some of our earlier results in the classical Dirichlet space. The absence of a Carleson-type formula for weighted Dirichlet integrals necessitates the introduction of new techniques.
In this survey article, we review some results and conjectures related to orthogonal polynomials on Cantor sets. The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the role of equilibrium measures in order to have a general theory of sufficiently good measures (measures that behave similarly to measures which are in the Szegő class and the isospectral torus in the finite gap case) supported on totally disconnected subsets of $\mathbb{R}$. We present some open problems a number of which can be studied numerically.
We construct a union of N parallelograms of dimensions approximately 1/N x 1 in the plane, with the slope of their long sides in the standard Cantor set. The union has area 1/log N but the union of the doubles has area log log N/ log N. In particular, this implies unbounded of the associated maximal operator in L^p for any p different from infinity. The construction is by randomizing an earlier construction of the second author for the L^2 case. The proof that the construction satisfies the desired conditions is by elementary estimates in the theory of percolation on trees as developed by R. L…
