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arXiv 0704.0084cond-mat.softnlin.PSphysics.flu-dyn
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自由冷却非弹性气体理想流体力学中密度奇异性的形成:一族精确解

Formation of density singularities in ideal hydrodynamics of freely cooling inelastic gases: a family of exact solutions

Itzhak Fouxon, Baruch Meerson, Michael Assaf, Eli Livne

摘要:

我们采用颗粒流体力学来研究自由冷却的稀颗粒气体中颗粒的聚集问题。我们考虑大规模的流体动力学运动的粘性和热传导可以忽略不计,和一个到达理想气体动力学方程与一个额外的术语描述由于非弹性碰撞的大量能量损失。我们采用拉格朗日坐标,并推导出一个广泛的家庭的精确的非平稳的解析解,只依赖于一个空间坐标。这些解决方案表现出一种新的类型的奇异性,其中气体密度在有限的时间内爆炸时,从光滑的初始条件。密度爆炸是形成紧密堆积的粒子簇的信号。随着密度爆破时刻$t_c$的接近,最大密度呈现幂律$\sim (t_c-t)^{-2}$。速度梯度以$\sim - (t_c-t)^{-1}$的形式爆发,而速度本身保持连续,并在奇点处形成一个尖点(而不是激波不连续)。气体温度在奇点处消失,奇点遵循等压情形:气体压力在奇点附近保持有限,在空间上近似均匀,在时间上恒定。一个额外的精确解表明,密度爆破,相同类型的,可以共存于一个“普通”的冲击,在那里的流体动力场是不连续的,但有限的。通过数值求解理想流体动力学方程,我们证实了精确解在一维小扰动下的稳定性。此外,数值解表明,密度爆破的局部特征普遍成立,独立于初始和边界条件的细节。

英文摘要:

We employ granular hydrodynamics to investigate a paradigmatic problem of clustering of particles in a freely cooling dilute granular gas. We consider large-scale hydrodynamic motions where the viscosity and heat conduction can be neglected, and one arrives at the equations of ideal gas dynamics with an additional term describing bulk energy losses due to inelastic collisions. We employ Lagrangian coordinates and derive a broad family of exact non-stationary analytical solutions that depend only on one spatial coordinate. These solutions exhibit a new type of singularity, where the gas density blows up in a finite time when starting from smooth initial conditions. The density blowups signal formation of close-packed clusters of particles. As the density blow-up time $t_c$ is approached, the maximum density exhibits a power law $\sim (t_c-t)^{-2}$. The velocity gradient blows up as $\sim - (t_c-t)^{-1}$ while the velocity itself remains continuous and develops a cusp (rather than a shock discontinuity) at the singularity. The gas temperature vanishes at the singularity, and the singularity follows the isobaric scenario: the gas pressure remains finite and approximately uniform in space and constant in time close to the singularity. An additional exact solution shows that the density blowup, of the same type, may coexist with an "ordinary" shock, at which the hydrodynamic fields are discontinuous but finite. We confirm stability of the exact solutions with respect to small one-dimensional perturbations by solving the ideal hydrodynamic equations numerically. Furthermore, numerical solutions show that the local features of the density blowup hold universally, independently of details of the initial and boundary conditions.

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