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arXiv quant-ph/9905007quant-ph
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存在吸收电介质时的自发衰变

Spontaneous decay in the presence of absorbing dielectric bodies

Stefan Scheel, Ludwig Knoell, Dirk-Gunnar Welsch

摘要:

在量子化的唯象麦克斯韦方程组的框架下,给出了色散和吸收介质体对辐射原子影响的一种形式.在马尔可夫近似下,自发衰变率和与之相关的线位移可以通过电动力学经典边值问题的并矢格林函数与物体的复折射率和几何形状相关--这一结果与微观模型系统的二阶计算一致。该理论被应用到一个原子附近的平面界面,以及一个原子在一个球形腔。后者,也被称为实腔模型嵌入在电介质中的激发原子的自发衰变,与虚腔模型进行了比较。与其他方法的连接被提到,并比较结果。

英文摘要:

We present a formalism for studying the influence of dispersive and absorbing dielectric bodies on a radiating atom in the framework of quantization of the phenomenological Maxwell equations for given complex permittivities of the bodies. In Markov approximation, the rate of spontaneous decay and the line shift associated with it can then be related to the complex permittivities and geometries of the bodies via the dyadic Green function of the classical boundary value problem of electrodynamics -- a result which is in agreement with second-order calculations for microscopic model systems. The theory is applied to an atom near a planar interface as well as to an atom in a spherical cavity. The latter, also known as the real-cavity model for spontaneous decay of an excited atom embedded in a dielectric, is compared with the virtual-cavity model. Connections with other approaches are mentioned and the results are compared.

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