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arXiv quant-ph/9903010quant-ph
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薛定谔方程的非线性相位修正解

On Solutions to the Nonlinear Phase Modification of the Schroedinger Equation

Waldemar Puszkarz

摘要:

本文对最近提出的薛定谔方程的非线性相位修正给出了一些物理上有趣的一维非定常解。这些解包括相干态、强度随时间变化的谐振子势场中的相位修正高斯波包、自由高斯孤子以及与之共运动的谐振子势场中的类孤子。最后一个解意味着在谐振子的谱中存在一个线性理论所不能预言的能级。自由孤子解可以被认为是体现在量子理论中的波粒二象性的粒子方面的模型。在次相对论框架中,孤子的自能被假定为等于其静止质量能量,因此这种粒子的物理尺寸自然地等于它的康普顿波长。孤子解只存在于负的耦合常数中,对于负的耦合常数,如果高斯波包的能量要有界,则高斯波包必须大于某个临界有限尺寸,即,它们不可能是点状物体。

英文摘要:

We present some physically interesting, in general non-stationary, one-dimensional solutions to the nonlinear phase modification of the Schrödinger equation proposed recently. The solutions include a coherent state, a phase-modified Gaussian wave packet in the potential of harmonic oscillator whose strength varies in time, a free Gaussian soliton, and a similar soliton in the potential of harmonic oscillator comoving with the soliton. The last of these solutions implies that there exist an energy level in the spectrum of harmonic oscillator which is not predicted by the linear theory. The free solitonic solution can be considered a model for a particle aspect of the wave-particle duality embodied in the quantum theory. The physical size of this particle is naturally rendered equal to its Compton wavelength in the subrelativistic framework in which the self-energy of the soliton is assumed to be equal to its rest-mass energy. The solitonic solutions exist only for the negative coupling constant for which the Gaussian wave packets must be larger than some critical finite size if their energy is to be bounded, i.e., they cannot be point-like objects.

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