Implementation of a Quantum Search Algorithm on a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Computer
J. A. Jones, M. Mosca, R. H. Hansen
我们展示了一个基于胞嘧啶的双量子比特NMR量子计算机上的量子搜索算法的实现。
We demonstrate an implementation of a quantum search algorithm on a two qubit NMR quantum computer based on cytosine.
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Nuclear-spin qubits have long coherence time and are desirably applied into quantum information processing. However, the existing methods either fail to address single nucleus (such as nuclear magnetic resonance), or severely affect nuclear coherence time (such as electrical nuclear manipulation based on hyperfine stark effect, ENMHSE). Here we propose an electrical nuclear manipulation called nuclear electric resonance which can on the one hand address the single nuclear qubit, and on the other keep the long coherence time. Applying this, we construct universal quantum gates with external ele…
Experimental implementation of heat-bath algorithmic cooling using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
我们在这里报告的实验实现的多步冷却的量子系统通过热浴算法冷却。该实验使用固态系综三量子比特系统的核磁共振（NMR）进行。
Approximate Quantum Cloning with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
在这里，我们描述了一个核磁共振（NMR）实验，该实验使用三量子位NMR设备来实现Buzek等人的一到两个近似量子克隆网络。
Enhancing Electron-Nuclear Resonances by Dynamical Control Switching
本文提出一种通过动态切换电子自旋拉比频率实现不同能量尺度自旋间共振耦合的通用方法，应用于NV中心可增强量子传感信号和动态核极化，并适用于高场纳米级核磁共振与低功耗核自旋控制。
Experimental study of quantum decoherence using nuclear magnetic resonance
利用核磁共振（NMR）研究了量子退相干。通过选择一个量子比特来模拟环境，我们研究了两个量子系统：一个单量子比特系统和一个双量子比特系统的退相干行为。实验结果与理论预测一致。我们的实验方案可以推广到多个量子比特组成的环境中。
Realization of generalized quantum searching using nuclear magnetic resonance
根据理论结果，量子搜索算法可以推广到用几乎任何量子力学操作代替Walsh-Hadamard（W-H）变换。我们已经实现了广义算法使用核磁共振技术与氯仿分子的解决方案。实验结果表明理论与实验结果吻合较好。
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Implementation of a Quantum Clock Synchronization Algorithm
提出的量子时钟同步算法。L. Chuang（Phys.Rev.Lett，85，2006（2000））已经在三量子位核磁共振量子系统中实现。用空间平均法制备了有效纯态。两个分离的时钟之间的时间差可以通过NMR光谱直接读出来确定。
Projective measurement in nuclear magnetic resonance
证明了利用赝纯自旋态的核磁共振实验可以给出投影量子测量的可能结果和概率。物理系统是一个在液晶矩阵中的六个偶极耦合苯核自旋的集群。对于最大总自旋S=3的系统，给出了系统态为$S_Z$本征态之一时的$S_X$测量结果.
Solid-State Nuclear Spin Quantum Computer Based on Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy
提出了一种基于磁共振力显微镜的核自旋量子计算机。结果表明，MRFM单电子自旋测量提供了三个基本要求的量子计算在固体中：（a）准备的基态，（b）一个和两个量子比特的量子逻辑门，（c）的最终状态的测量。拟议中的量子计算机可以在高达1K的温度下运行。
By removing a $^{12}C$ atom from the tetrahedral configuration of the diamond, replace it by a $^{13}C$ atom, and repeating this in a linear direction, it is possible to have a linear chain of nuclear spins one half and to build a solid state quantum computer. One qubit rotation and controlled-not (CNOT) quantum gates are obtained immediately from this configuration, and CNOT quantum gate is used to determined the design parameters of this quantum computer.
A Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy Quantum Computer with Tellurium Donors in Silicon
提出了一种基于磁共振力显微镜（MRFM）的碲杂质硅核自旋量子计算机。这种量子计算的方法将成熟的硅技术与MRFM的预期进展相结合。
A Quantum Full Adder for a Scalable Nuclear Spin Quantum Computer
我们提出了一种在自旋链量子计算机中实现量子全加器的策略。作为一个例子，我们模拟了一个包含201个自旋的链中的量子全加器。我们的模拟还演示了如何最大限度地减少非谐振效应产生的误差。
Simulating decoherence behavior of a system in entangled state using nuclear magnetic resonance
选取13碳标记三氯乙烯中的H核作为单量子比特环境，两个C核作为双量子比特系统，利用核磁共振（NMR）方法模拟了系统处于纠缠态时的量子退相干.解耦技术用于跟踪环境自由度。实验结果与理论预测一致。我们的实验方案可以推广到由多个量子比特组成的环境。
Two-dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is essential in molecular structure determination. The Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been proposed and developed as an outstanding quantum sensor to realize NMR in nanoscale. In this work, we develop a scheme for two-dimensional nanoscale NMR spectroscopy based on quantum controls on an NV center. We carry out a proof of principle experiment on a target of two coupled $^{13}$C nuclear spins in diamond. A COSY-like sequences is used to acquire the data on time domain, which is then converted to frequency domain with the fast Fourier…
Simulation of four-body interaction in a nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processor
四体相互作用在多体系统中起着重要的作用，它可以表现出有趣的相变行为。从历史上看，有效地模拟量子系统的需求导致了量子计算机的想法。在这封信中，我们报告了四量子位核磁共振量子信息处理器中的四体相互作用的实验演示。强调制脉冲用于实现自旋选择激发。结果表明，理论与实验之间有很好的一致性。
Simulation of a Heisenberg XY- chain and realization of a perfect state transfer algorithm using liquid nuclear magnetic resonance
在三量子位核磁共振（NMR）量子计算机上模拟了具有海森堡XY相互作用的三自旋链.将XY相互作用引起的演化分解为一系列单自旋旋转和相邻自旋之间的$J$耦合演化。提出的完美状态转移（PST）算法。Christandl等人[Phys.Rev.Lett，92，187902（2004）]在XY链中实现。
Implementation of a Quantum Algorithm to Solve Deutsch's Problem on a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Quantum Computer
我们演示了使用的NMR量子计算机的基础上嘧啶碱基胞嘧啶，和实施的量子算法来解决Deutsch的问题。
Entangled quantum states are an important element of quantum information techniques. We determine the requirements for states of quadrupolar nuclei with spins >1/2 to be entangled. It was shown that entanglement is achieved at low temperature by applying a magnetic field to a quadrupolar nuclei possess quadrupole moments, which interacts with the electricfield gradient produced by the charge distribution in their surroundings.
Multiple Round Quantum Dense Coding And Its Implementation Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
提出了一种基于量子相位估计算法的多轮量子密集编码方案。使用$m+1$量子比特系统，Bob可以通过仅操纵一个量子比特并在Alice和Bob之间交换$m$轮来向Alice发送$2^{m+1}$消息。信息容量被增强到$m+1$比特。我们已经在一个三量子比特的核磁共振（NMR）量子计算机中实现了这个方案.实验结果表明理论与实验结果吻合较好。
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Implemenations of Remote State Preparation of Arbitary Longitudinal Qubit and Remote State Measurement of a Qubit
从布洛赫球上的赤道或极地大圆中选择的量子位可以远程制备，其中Einstain-Podolsky-Rosen（EPR）状态共享和cbit通信。我们将这个协议推广到布洛赫球上的任意纵向量子比特，其中方位角φ可以是任意值，而不仅仅是零。实验实现了使用液态核磁共振（NMR）技术的广义方案。此外，我们已经实验证明远程状态测量（RSM）上的任意量子比特提出的帕蒂。
Experimental Test of Complementarity by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques
我们用另一个核$^{1}$ H的自旋态作为路径标记，检验了$^{13}$ CHCl $_{3}$分子中核$^{13}$ C的整体平均自旋态的互补性。事实证明，当人们仅仅测量量子态的概率密度时，波粒二象性就成立了，而且在一个核磁共振（NMR）实验中，借助于测量布居数和相干性，可以同时观察到波粒行为。分析了路径标记方案的效果以及波行为出现和消失的原因。
Speedup of quantum state transfer by three- qubit interactions: Implementation by nuclear magnetic resonance
通用量子信息处理需要单量子比特旋转和两量子比特相互作用作为最小资源。超越这种最小方案的一个可能步骤是使用三量子比特相互作用。我们考虑这样的三个量子位的相互作用，并显示他们如何可以减少所需的时间在XY自旋链的量子态转移。对于实验实现，我们使用液态核磁共振（NMR），其中三个量子比特的相互作用可以通过射频脉冲序列来实现。
Quantum information processing using nuclear and electron magnetic resonance: review and prospects
本文介绍了利用核磁共振（NMR）作为实现量子信息处理（QIP）任务的平台的最新进展。详细介绍了核磁共振QIP的基本思想，考察了液态和固态实验的成功和局限性。最后，提出了实现量子处理器的未来方向，利用核和电子自旋自由度。
Nuclear quadrupole resonances in compact vapor cells: the crossover from the NMR to the NQR interaction regimes
我们提出了第一个实验研究，映射的转换核四极共振从纯核四极制度的四极扰动塞曼制度。这种变换提出了一个有趣的量子力学问题，因为量子化轴从沿着电场梯度张量的轴排列变为沿着磁场排列。我们使用一个1立方毫米的立方原子池，用不同的材料做池壁，获得了I = 3/2 131-π的大核四极位移。当磁相互作用和四极相互作用的大小相当时，微扰理论不适合计算跃迁能。而不是使用微扰理论，我们比较我们的数据，理论计算使用Liouvillian方法，并找到很好的协议。
Quantum Logic Gates and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pulse Sequences
我们演示了如何在原则上可以使用NMR来实现构建量子计算机所需的所有元素，并简要讨论了量子逻辑的见解在开发新型脉冲序列中的潜在应用，以及在更传统的NMR实验中的应用。
Nuclear spin exchange occurs in ultracold collisions of fermionic alkaline-earth-like atoms due to a difference between s- and p-wave phase shifts. We study the use of an optical Feshbach resonance, excited on the ${}^1S_0 \to {}^3P_1$ intercombination line of ${}^{171}$Yb, to affect a large modification of the s-wave scattering phase shift, and thereby optically mediate nuclear exchange forces. We perform a full multichannel calculation of the photoassociation resonances and wave functions and from these calculate the real and imaginary parts of the scattering length. As a figure of merit of …
The implementation of logical operations on polarization-encoded x-rays via resonant light-nucleus interactions is theoretically investigated. We show that by means of resonant scattering off nuclei and fast rotations of the nuclear hyperfine magnetic field to control the polarization of the output photon, single-qubit logical gates can be simulated. A second control qubit may be employed to trigger the magnetic field rotation, thus allowing several implementation choices for a controlled NOT gate for x-ray photons.
We discuss how to simulate simple quantum logic operations with a large number of qubits. These simulations are needed for experimental testing of scalable solid-state quantum computers. Quantum logic for remote qubits is simulated in a spin chain. Analytical estimates are presented for possible correlated errors caused by non-resonant transitions. A range of parameters is given in which non-resonant effects can be minimized.
Experimental Implementation of Remote State Preparation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
我们利用液态核磁共振（NMR）技术，在碳-13标记的氯仿分子$^{13}$ CHCl $_{3}$中，在原子间距离上实现了从氢原子到碳原子核的量子比特的远程态制备（RSP）。特殊量子位系综的全RSP，即，在Bloch球上用Pati方案从赤道和极向大圆中选择一个量子比特，用一个cbit通信实现。这样的RSP方案可以推广到制备大量的量子比特态，并且可以用于其他量子信息处理和量子计算。
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes that detect rotation as a shift in the precession frequency of nuclear spins, have attracted a lot of attentions. Under a feedback-generated drive, the precession frequency is supposed to be dependent only on the angular momentum and an applied magnetic field. However, nuclei with spins larger than 1/2, experience electric quadrupole interaction with electric field gradients at the cell walls. This quadrupole interaction shifts the precession frequencies of the nuclear spins, which brings inaccuracy to the rotation measurement as the quadrupole interaction…
Nucleus is a typical many-body quantum system. Full calculation of a nuclear system in a classical computer is far beyond the capacity of current classical computers. With fast development of hardware, the prospect of using quantum computers in nuclear physics is closing. Here, we report a full quantum package, QCSH, for solving nuclear shell-model in a quantum computer. QCSH uses the linear combination of unitaries formalism of quantum computing, and performs all calculations in a quantum computer. The complexities of qubit resource, number of basic gates of QCSH, are both polynomial to the n…
We report the detection and polarization of nuclear spins in diamond at room temperature by using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. We use Hartmann-Hahn double resonance to coherently enhance the signal from a single nuclear spin while decoupling from the noisy spin-bath, which otherwise limits the detection sensitivity. As a proof-of-principle we: (I) observe coherent oscillations between the NV center and a weakly coupled nuclear spin, (II) demonstrate nuclear bath cooling which prolongs the coherence time of the NV sensor by more than a factor of five. Our results provide a route to na…
Shifts from the expected nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies of antimony and bismuth donors in silicon of greater than a megahertz are observed in electrically detected magnetic resonance spectra. Defects created by ion implantation of the donors are discussed as the source of effective electric field gradients generating these shifts via quadrupole interaction with the nuclear spins. The experimental results are modeled quantitatively by molecular orbital theory for a coupled pair consisting of a donor and a spin-dependent recombination readout center.
Electric-dipole-induced nuclear electric resonance in silicon
本研究理论提出借助超精细相互作用与磁场梯度，在硅中实现电偶极诱导核电共振（EDNER），其强度优于核磁共振，可降低核自旋对电噪声的敏感性，为硅基量子计算提供全电学可寻址控制方案。
We show that, under an appropriate out-of-plane static magnetic field, nuclear spins in a thin specimen on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) cavity can be resonantly excited and detected through spin-rotation coupling. Since such a SAW cavity can have the quality factor as high as $10^{4}$ and the mode volume as small as $10^{-2}$ mm$^{3}$ the signal-to-noise ratio in detecting the resonance is estimated to be quite high. We argue that detecting nuclear spin resonance of a single flake of an atomically-thin layer of two-dimensional semiconductor, which has so far been beyond hope with the conventi…
Nuclear magnetic resonance on a single atom with a local probe
利用局部扫描探针实现单原子核磁共振，通过电子-核双共振测量方案解析单个47Ti同位素的核自旋跃迁，验证了在长寿命范围内高效驱动核自旋的可能性。
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with a Levitating Micro-Particle
该研究在悬浮微金刚石中利用氮-14核自旋实现了核磁共振，通过 Paul 阵阱限制角自由度促成高效超精细相互作用，创下数百微秒的最长自旋相干时间记录，为宏观粒子冷却和陀螺仪几何相位探索提供前景。
Optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance of coherent spins in a molecular complex
该研究在铕基分子晶体中利用超窄光学跃迁实现核自旋态的光学初始化与探测，并通过射频操控及相干控制技术获得寿命达2 ms的核自旋量子相干。
Here we demonstrate that a term in the nuclear spin Hamiltonian, the antisymmetric \textit{J}-coupling, is fundamentally connected to molecular chirality. We propose and simulate a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment to observe this interaction and differentiate between enantiomers without adding any additional chiral agent to the sample. The antisymmetric \textit{J}-coupling may be observed in the presence of molecular orientation by an external electric field. The opposite parity of the antisymmetric coupling tensor and the molecular electric dipole moment yields a sign change of the…
Density functional theory within the two-component quasi-relativistic zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) is used to predict parity violation shifts in 183W nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors of chiral, tetrahedrally bonded tungsten complexes of the form NWXYZ (X, Y, Z = H, F, Cl, Br or I). The calculations reveal that sub-mHz accuracy is required to detect such tiny effects in this class of compounds, and that parity violation effects are very sensitive to the choice of ligands.
Quantum simulations of nuclear resonances with variational methods
针对核物理共振态的多体计算挑战，本研究开发适配非厄米哈密顿量的变分框架，通过复标度技术和θ轨迹计算在量子模拟器实现核共振模拟，为开放量子系统模拟提供可扩展框架。
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of 31P donors in silicon quantum computer
得到了硅量子计算机栅势产生的电场对超精细相互作用常数（HIC）的影响。计算了由于工艺误差引起的栅下施主原子位置误差。计算了不同HIC值下两施主原子相互作用的电子-核自旋系统的能谱。的存在下，两对反交叉水平的基态电子状态。找到了误差率可以大大降低的结构参数。
The objective of this article is to introduce the tools to analyze the contrast imaging problem in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Optimal trajectories can be selected among extremal solutions of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle applied to this Mayer type optimal problem. Such trajectories are associated to the question of extremizing the transfer time. Hence the optimal problem is reduced to the analysis of the Hamiltonian dynamics related to singular extremals and their optimality status. This is illustrated by using the examples of cerebrospinal fluid / water and grey / white matter of cerebrum…
Bridging Quantum Computing and Nuclear Structure: Atomic Nuclei on a Trapped-Ion Quantum Computer
利用俘获离子量子计算机模拟核许多体系统，结合硬核玻色子表示与对单位耦合簇双体近似方法，实现高精度核基态能量计算，为核物理研究提供新方法。
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has approached the limit of single molecule sensitivity, however the spectral resolution is currently insufficient to obtain detailed information on chemical structure and molecular interactions. Here we demonstrate more than two orders of magnitude improvement in spectral resolution by performing correlation spectroscopy with shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetic sensors in diamond. In principle, the resolution is sufficient to observe chemical shifts in $\sim$1 T magnetic fields, and is currently limited by molecular diffusion at the surface. We…
Signal reception of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) usually relies on electrical amplification of the electromotive force caused by nuclear induction. Here, we report up-conversion of a radio-frequency NMR signal to an optical regime using a high-stress silicon nitride membrane that interfaces the electrical detection circuit and an optical cavity through the electro-mechanical and the opto-mechanical couplings. This enables optical NMR detection without sacrificing the versatility of the traditional nuclear induction approach. While the signal-to-noise ratio is currently limited by the Brown…
Meltdown in quantum computers needs not occur: Nuclear experiments show a way out
我们表明，相位记忆可以比能量弛豫系统的希尔伯特空间的指数大尺寸长得多，这一发现是由五十年的核实验记录，虽然信息是有点隐藏。对于量子计算机，维度为$2^{100}$或更大的希尔伯特空间将是典型的，因此这种效应可以显著地有助于减少量子计算机缩放到有用数量的量子比特的问题。
An unusual regime for liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) where the magnetic field strength is so low that the $J$-coupling (intramolecular spin-spin) interactions dominate the spin Hamiltonian opens a new paradigm with applications in spectroscopy, quantum control, and in fundamental-physics experiments, including searches for well-motivated dark-matter candidates. An interesting possibility is to bring this kind of "extreme NMR" together with another one---single nuclear spin detected with a single-spin quantum sensor. This would enable single-molecule $J$-spectroscopy.
Quantitative Determination of the Adiabatic Condition Using Force-Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
利用室温核磁共振力显微镜研究了微米级氯化铵晶体中质子自旋循环绝热反转的绝热条件。观察到的绝热条件变得违反了系统的信号噪声退化。绝热跟随理论适用于循环绝热反演的审查和实施，定量确定绝热阈值$(γH_1)^2/(ω_{osc}Ω) = 6.0$从我们的实验结果。
The error-robust and short composite operations named ConCatenated Composite Pulses (CCCPs), developed as high-precision unitary operations in quantum information processing (QIP), are derived from composite pulses widely employed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). CCCPs simultaneously compensate for two types of systematic errors, which was not possible with the known composite pulses in NMR. Our experiments demonstrate that CCCPs are powerful and versatile tools not only in QIP but also in NMR.
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of molecules in a solution at room temperature has potential to revolutionize nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. The prevalent methods for achieving DNP in solutions are typically most effective in the regime of small interaction correlation times between the electron and nuclear spins, limiting the size of accessible molecules. To solve this limitation, we design a mechanism for DNP in the liquid phase that is applicable for large interaction correlation times. Importantly, while this mechanism makes use of a resonance condition similar to …
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