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arXiv quant-ph/0610241quant-ph
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Wheeler延迟选择GedankenExperiment算法的实验实现

Experimental realization of Wheeler's delayed-choice GedankenExperiment

Vincent Jacques, E. Wu, Frédéric Grosshans, François Treussart, Philippe Grangier, Alain Aspect, Jean-François Roch

摘要:

波粒二象性的量子“无法消失的奥秘”(用费曼的话来说)在惠勒的延迟选择格丹肯实验中得到了惊人的说明。在这个实验中,在单光子脉冲进入干涉仪后,选择双光路干涉仪的配置:干涉仪是\textit{closed}(\textit{i.e.},两条光路重新组合)并观察到干涉,或者干涉仪保持\textit{open}并测量光子遵循的路径。我们报告了一个几乎理想的实现,Gedanken实验,其中的光脉冲是真正的单光子,允许明确的哪种方式的测量,和干涉仪,它有两个空间分离的路径,产生高可见度的干涉。在测量“开放”或“封闭”配置之间的选择是由量子随机数发生器做出的,并且在相对论意义上与光子进入干涉仪类似空间分离。在封闭配置中的测量显示干扰的可见性为94%,而在开放配置中的测量允许我们以低于1%的错误概率确定所遵循的路径。

英文摘要:

The quantum "mystery which cannot go away" (in Feynman's words) of wave-particle duality is illustrated in a striking way by Wheeler's delayed-choice GedankenExperiment. In this experiment, the configuration of a two-path interferometer is chosen after a single-photon pulse has entered it : either the interferometer is \textit{closed} (\textit{i.e.} the two paths are recombined) and the interference is observed, or the interferometer remains \textit{open} and the path followed by the photon is measured. We report an almost ideal realization of that GedankenExperiment, where the light pulses are true single photons, allowing unambiguous which-way measurements, and the interferometer, which has two spatially separated paths, produces high visibility interference. The choice between measuring either the 'open' or 'closed' configuration is made by a quantum random number generator, and is space-like separated -- in the relativistic sense -- from the entering of the photon into the interferometer. Measurements in the closed configuration show interference with a visibility of 94%, while measurements in the open configuration allow us to determine the followed path with an error probability lower than 1%.

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