arXiv 1206.43482012-06-19quant-ph

纠缠使能延迟选择实验

Entanglement-enabled delayed choice experiment

F. Kaiser, T. Coudreau, P. Milman, D. B. Ostrowsky, S. Tanzilli

备注：: 8 Figures
发表信息：: Science 338, 637-640 (2012)
DOI：: 10.1126/science.1226755

摘要：

互补性，即量子物体表现为粒子或波的能力，是量子力学最有趣的特征之一。惠勒提出了一个典型的盖丹肯实验，强调这种依赖测量的性质，使用单光子。这个想法的微妙之处在于，马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的输出分束器在光子已经进入干涉仪之后被放入或移除，从而执行波粒互补行为的延迟测试。最近，有人提出，使用输出分束器的量子模拟将允许在检测到光子并观察波粒叠加之后进行这种类型的测试。在本文中，我们描述了这些预测的实验演示使用量子系统的另一个非凡的属性，纠缠。我们使用一对偏振纠缠光子，其中一个光子的性质（波或粒子）进行测试，并确认光子，允许确定这两个方面中的哪一个或两个正在测试。这个确证的光子推断出分束器的存在或不存在，并且直到它被测量，分束器处于这两个状态的叠加，使其成为量子分束器。当量子分束器处于存在或不存在的状态时，干涉仪分别显示测试光子的波或粒子性质。此外，通过操纵确证光子，我们可以通过纠缠连续地将测试光子从波行为转变为粒子行为，即使在它被检测到之后。这一结果强调了这样一个事实，即光作为经典波或粒子的简单视觉是不够的。

英文摘要：

Complementarity, that is the ability of a quantum object to behave either as a particle or as a wave, is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics. An exemplary Gedanken experiment, emphasizing such a measurement-dependent nature, was suggested by Wheeler using single photons. The subtleness of the idea lies in the fact that the output beam-splitter of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is put in or removed after a photon has already entered the interferometer, thus performing a delayed test of the wave-particle complementary behavior. Recently, it was proposed that using a quantum analogue of the output beam-splitter would permit carrying out this type of test after the detection of the photon and observing wave-particle superposition. In this paper we describe an experimental demonstration of these predictions using another extraordinary property of quantum systems, entanglement. We use a pair of polarization entangled photons composed of one photon whose nature (wave or particle) is tested, and of a corroborative photon that allows determining which one, or both, of these two aspects is being tested. This corroborative photon infers the presence or absence of the beam-splitter and until it is measured, the beam-splitter is in a superposition of these two states, making it a quantum beam-splitter. When the quantum beam-splitter is in the state present or absent, the interferometer reveals the wave or particle nature of the test photon, respectively. Furthermore, by manipulating the corroborative photon, we can continuously morph, via entanglement, the test photon from wave to particle behavior even after it was detected. This result underlines the fact that a simple vision of light as a classical wave or a particle is inadequate.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

摘要：

英文摘要：

相关论文