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arXiv quant-ph/0609163quant-phgr-qchep-thphysics.ed-ph
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量子力学:神话与事实

Quantum mechanics: Myths and facts

H. Nikolic

摘要:

学生和实际用户对量子力学(QM)的共同理解经常受到一些“神话”的困扰,即广泛接受的主张,而在QM的基础专家中没有真正达成普遍共识。这些神话包括波粒二象性、时间-能量不确定性关系、基本随机性、不存在与测量无关的实在、量子力学的定域性、量子力学的非定域性、定义良好的相对论量子力学的存在、声称量子场论解决了相对论量子力学的问题或量子场论是一种粒子理论,以及黑洞熵的神话。事实是,这些神话背后存在着各种理论和解释上的模糊性,这还不允许我们把它们当作已被证明的事实来接受。我回顾了这些神话背后的主要论点和反驳,并得出结论,质量管理仍然是一个尚未完全理解的理论开放进一步的基础研究。

英文摘要:

A common understanding of quantum mechanics (QM) among students and practical users is often plagued by a number of "myths", that is, widely accepted claims on which there is not really a general consensus among experts in foundations of QM. These myths include wave-particle duality, time-energy uncertainty relation, fundamental randomness, the absence of measurement-independent reality, locality of QM, nonlocality of QM, the existence of well-defined relativistic QM, the claims that quantum field theory (QFT) solves the problems of relativistic QM or that QFT is a theory of particles, as well as myths on black-hole entropy. The fact is that the existence of various theoretical and interpretational ambiguities underlying these myths does not yet allow us to accept them as proven facts. I review the main arguments and counterarguments lying behind these myths and conclude that QM is still a not-yet-completely-understood theory open to further fundamental research.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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