Facts, Values and Quanta

Quantum Time Evolution in Terms of Nonredundant Expectation Values

Each scheme of state reconstruction comes down to parametrize the state of a quantum system by expectation values or probabilities directly measurable in an experiment. It is argued that the time evolution of these quantities provides an unambiguous description of the quantal dynamics. This is shown explicitly for a single spin s, using a quorum of expectation values which contains no redundant information. The quantum mechanical time evolution of the system is rephrased in terms of a closed set of linear first-order differential equations coupling (2s+1)^2 expectation values. This `realizatio…

Bertlmann's chocolate balls and quantum type cryptography

Some quantum cryptographic protocols can be implemented with specially prepared chocolate balls, others protected by value indefiniteness cannot. Similarities and differences of cryptography with quanta and chocolate are discussed. Motivated by these considerations it is proposed to certify quantum random number generators and quantum cryptographic protocols by value indefiniteness. This feature, which derives itself from Bell- and Kochen-Specker type arguments, is only present in systems with three or more mutually exclusive outcomes.

Resonant effect at the ultrarelativistic electron-positron pairs production by gamma quanta in the field of a nucleus and a pulsed light wave

Resonant electron-positron pair production by a high-energy gamma quantum in the field of a nucleus and a quasi-monochromatic laser wave was theoretically studied. Under the resonant condition an intermediate virtual electron (positron) in the laser field becomes a real particle. Due to that fact the initial process of the second order in the fine structure constant in a laser field effectively reduces into two successive processes of the first order: the laser-stimulated Breit-Wheeler process and the laser-assisted process of an intermediate electron (positron) scattering by a nucleus. It is …

Haunted quantum contextuality versus value indefiniteness - a minority report

Physical entities are ultimately (re)constructed from elementary yes/no events, in particular clicks in detectors or measurement devices recording quanta. Recently, the interpretation of certain such clicks has given rise to unfounded claims which are neither necessary nor sufficient, although they are presented in that way. In particular, clicks can neither inductively support nor "(dis)prove" the Kochen-Specker theorem, which is a formal result that has a deductive proof by contradiction. More importantly, the alleged empirical evidence of quantum contextuality, which is "inferred" from viol…

因果谐振腔中模式量子的自引力：线性化量子引力中的单圈有限性与暗能量尺度的涌现

Self-Gravitation of Mode Quanta in a Causal Resonator: One-Loop Finiteness in Linearized Quantum Gravity and the Emergence of the Dark-Energy Scale

本文推导了因果谐振腔中模式量子的自引力，证明线性化量子引力的单圈积分有限，并由此从普朗克与红外尺度涌现出量级为H^2/G的真空能量密度，可解释暗能量效应。

The Principle of equal Probabilities of Quantum States

The statistical problem of the distribution of $s$ quanta of equal energy $ε_0$ and total energy $E$ among $N$ distinguishable particles is resolved using the conventional theory based on Boltzmann's principle of equal probabilities of configurations of particles distributed among energy levels and the concept of average state. In particular, the probability that a particle is in the \k{appa}-th energy level i.e. contains \k{appa} quanta, is given by $p(κ)=\displaystyle \frac{\displaystyle \binom{N+s-κ-2}{N-2}}{\displaystyle \binom{N+s-1}{N-1}} \;\;\; ; \;\;\; κ= 0, 1, 2, \cdots, s$ In this co…