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arXiv quant-ph/0604052quant-phcs.CC
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论共享纠缠的作用

On the Role of Shared Entanglement

Dmytro Gavinsky

摘要:

尽管在通信复杂性的背景下,共享随机性和共享纠缠之间有着明显的相似性,但我们对后者的理解不如前者。特别是,对于纽曼的著名定理没有已知的“纠缠模拟”,该定理说,解决任何通信问题所需的共享随机比特的数量在输入长度上至多可以是对数(即,使用多于O(logn)个共享随机位将不会降低最优解的复杂度)。在本文中,我们证明,这是不正确的纠缠。我们建立了一个广泛的紧密(多对数因子)纠缠与通信权衡关系的问题。低端是:对于任何t>2,将共享纠缠从log^t(n)减少到o(log^{t-2}(n))量子位可以几乎指数地增加解决问题所需的通信,从O(log^t(n))增加到Ω(\sqrt n)。高端是:对于任何\eps >0,将共享纠缠从n^{1- \eps }log(n)减少到o(n^{1- \eps }/log(n))可以将所需通信从O(n^{1-\eps }log(n))增加到Ω(n^{1- \eps /2}/log(n))。上限是通过协议,这是准确的,并在\e{simultaneous message passing model}的工作,而下限持有\e{bounded-error protocols},即使在更强大的\e{model of 1-way communication}。我们的协议使用共享EPR对,而下限适用于任何类型的先前纠缠。我们基于一个强直积定理的通信复杂性的某一类关系问题的下界。我们相信,该定理可能有应用范围以外的这项工作。

英文摘要:

Despite the apparent similarity between shared randomness and shared entanglement in the context of Communication Complexity, our understanding of the latter is not as good as of the former. In particular, there is no known "entanglement analogue" for the famous theorem by Newman, saying that the number of shared random bits required for solving any communication problem can be at most logarithmic in the input length (i.e., using more than O(log n) shared random bits would not reduce the complexity of an optimal solution). In this paper we prove that the same is not true for entanglement. We establish a wide range of tight (up to a polylogarithmic factor) entanglement vs. communication tradeoffs for relational problems. The low end is: for any t>2, reducing shared entanglement from log^t(n) to o(log^{t-2}(n)) qubits can increase the communication required for solving a problem almost exponentially, from O(log^t(n)) to Ω(\sqrt n). The high end is: for any \eps>0, reducing shared entanglement from n^{1-\eps}log(n) to o(n^{1-\eps}/log(n)) can increase the required communication from O(n^{1-\eps}log(n)) to Ω(n^{1-\eps/2}/log(n)). The upper bounds are demonstrated via protocols which are exact and work in the \e{simultaneous message passing model}, while the lower bounds hold for \e{bounded-error protocols}, even in the more powerful \e{model of 1-way communication}. Our protocols use shared EPR pairs while the lower bounds apply to any sort of prior entanglement. We base the lower bounds on a strong direct product theorem for communication complexity of a certain class of relational problems. We believe that the theorem might have applications outside the scope of this work.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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