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arXiv 2609.39668quant-phcs.CC

QMA(2) 与受限共享纠缠

QMA(2) with Limited Shared Entanglement

Alex Della Schiava, Ranitha Mataraarachchi

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中文总结 AI 辅助

该论文证明在共享对数个EPR对时QMA(2)能力不变,并建立单调性,扩展至LOCC模型,且超对数预算等价将导致NP⊆BQP。

中文摘要 AI 辅助

一个 $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ 协议涉及两个证明者向多项式时间的量子验证者提交非纠缠的见证。在《非纠缠的力量》(ToC, 2009)中,Aaronson 等人提出了 $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)$,这是 $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ 的一个变体,其中两个证明者可以共享 $h$ 个 EPR 对。我们的主要结果表明,对于最多对数多个共享 EPR 对,$\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ 的能力保持不变:对于 $h=O(\log n)$,有 $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$,其中 $n$ 是输入长度。该结果通过使用四个非纠缠见证的模拟,结合 Harrow-Montanaro 等式 $\mathsf{QMA}(4)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$(FOCS, 2010)得出。我们还证明了 EPR 预算的单调性:对于 $h\le H$,有 $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)\subseteq\mathsf{QMA}(2;H)$,且保持完备性和可靠性。结合输入填充,这表明对于任意固定的 $\varepsilon>0$,建立 $\mathsf{QMA}(2;n^\varepsilon)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ 将意味着对于每个多项式有界预算都成立等式,从而解决了 Aaronson 等人提出的开放问题。最后,我们将这些结果扩展到模型的一个变体,其中证明者可以在见证准备期间使用局部操作和经典通信(LOCC)。对于对数大小的见证和逆多项式间隙,当 $h=O(\log n)$ 时,两个模型都等价于它们的非纠缠对应模型。我们表明,在 LOCC 模型中,将这种等价性扩展到任何超对数 EPR 预算将意味着 $\mathsf{NP}\subseteq\mathsf{BQP}$。

英文摘要

A $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ protocol involves two provers submitting unentangled witnesses to a polynomial-time quantum verifier. In The Power of Unentanglement (ToC, 2009), Aaronson et al. proposed $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)$, a variant of $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ in which the two provers may share $h$ EPR pairs. Our main result shows that the power of $\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ remains unchanged for up to logarithmically many shared EPR pairs: $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ for $h=O(\log n)$, where $n$ is the input length. The result follows from a simulation using four unentangled witnesses, combined with the Harrow-Montanaro equality $\mathsf{QMA}(4)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ (FOCS, 2010). We also prove monotonicity in the EPR budget: $\mathsf{QMA}(2;h)\subseteq\mathsf{QMA}(2;H)$ for $h\le H$, preserving completeness and soundness. Combined with input padding, this shows that establishing $\mathsf{QMA}(2;n^\varepsilon)=\mathsf{QMA}(2)$ for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$ would imply equality for every polynomially bounded budget, resolving the open problem raised by Aaronson et al. Finally, we extend these results to a variant of the model in which the provers may use local operations and classical communication (LOCC) during witness preparation. For logarithmic-size witnesses and inverse-polynomial gaps, both models remain equivalent to their unentangled counterpart when $h=O(\log n)$. We show that extending this equivalence to any superlogarithmic EPR budget in the LOCC model would imply $\mathsf{NP}\subseteq\mathsf{BQP}$.

发表机构

  • Nagoya University(名古屋大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

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